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Biomedical subjects

M Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to M Moriyama.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An immunohistologic evaluation of C-erbB-2 gene product in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Amplification or overexpression of the c-erbB-2 gene have been reported to correlate with poor patient prognosis in human breast, gastric, and ovarian cancer. Recently, the c-erbB-2 gene product was found to be expressed frequently in the urinary bladder carcinoma. In the current study, the presence of the c-erbB-2 gene product in urinary bladder carcinomas was compared with patient outcome to evaluate whether c-erbB-2 gene product could identify a subset of patients who are destined to have a poor prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistologic study of the c-erbB-2 gene product was done in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained from 88 transitional cell carcinomas of the human urinary bladder. Eighty-three patients who underwent complete tumor resection by total cystoprostatectomy (30 patients) or by bladder-preserving operations such as transurethral surgery (50 patients) or partial cystectomy (3 patients) entered a follow-up study. The other five patients did not enter the follow-up study because of lost follow-up (2 patients) or distant metastasis at the time of surgery. RESULTS: The c-erbB-2 gene product was expressed in 23 of 88 patients (26%), showing an increase in the expression rate corresponding to the advancement of tumor grade (P < 0.05) and tumor stage (P < 0.2). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 48.5% for patients with c-erbB-2 negative tumors versus 9.7% for those with c-erbB-2 positive tumors (P < 0.01). The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 65.5% for patients with c-erbB-2 negative tumors versus 41.8% for those with c-erbB-2 positive tumors (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression model showed that the c-erbB-2 gene product tissue status was a significant prognostic factor independent of grade and stage of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the c-erbB-2 gene product could be a tumor marker to identify a malignant subgroup in bladder carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vascularized tendon grafting in the rabbit.

Using a conventional free tendon graft, adhesion formation, with a consequent loss of gliding ability, occurs if the surrounding soft tissue is heavily scarred. An animal experiment was conducted, to evaluate whether a free vascularized tendon graft provides a better gliding surface, with minimal adhesion formation. In order to scar the gliding floor, the lateral aspect of the legs of 40 adult rabbits, including the peroneus tendon and its surrounding soft tissue, was exposed to liquid nitrogen. Two weeks after this induction of frostbite, all the rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: a vascularized tendon graft group and a free tendon graft group. Histologic examination revealed less adhesion of the tendon to the surrounding soft tissues in the vascularized tendon graft group. The tendon pull-out test demonstrated that less pull-out weight was required for vascularized tendons. A microangiographic study disclosed better circulation through the tendon graft and the surrounding soft tissues in the vascularized tendons. These results suggest that, even if scarring is heavy, the free vascularized tendon graft is less likely to adhere to the surrounding soft tissue than the conventional free tendon graft and, consequently, it provides a better gliding surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interferon and natural killer cell activity in patients with exanthem subitum.

Early immune response was studied by assessing interferon (IFN) and natural killer cell activity in 13 patients with exanthem subitum associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection during the acute and convalescent phases. Only IFN-alpha showed a significant increase in the plasma of patients during the acute febrile phase compared with the convalescent period. The inhibitory effect of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta on human herpesvirus 6 replication was demonstrated in vitro with cord blood mononuclear cells. Natural killer cell activity was also significantly augmented in the acute phase, especially in the exanthem period, rather than in the convalescent phase (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the enhanced IFN-alpha response and natural killer cell activity in the acute early phase of the disease may play pivotal roles in the recovery from exanthem subitum.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of augmentation of endotoxin fever by beta interferon in rabbits: possible participation of tumor necrosis factor (cachectin).

We analyzed the mechanism of the augmentation of endotoxin fever by human beta interferon (IFN) cross-reacting to rabbit cells in rabbits by using a purified rabbit tumor necrosis factor (RaTNF) and a monoclonal anti-RaTNF. The late peak of fever evoked by the injection with both endotoxin and HuIFN was suppressed when the animals were injected previously with anti-RaTNF. IFN also augmented the pyrogenicity of RaTNF in a synergistic manner in rabbits. The blood collected 2 h after the injection of RaTNF plus IFN contained a significant endogenous TNF activity, and the serum was shown to be pyrogenic. The endogenous pyrogen activity in the 2-h blood was heat stable (70 degrees C, 30 min) and was reduced by the in vitro treatment with anti-RaTNF. These results suggest that IFN augments the febrile response of rabbits to endotoxin by stimulating endogenous TNF-mediated TNF production to induce the late peak of fever.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Follow up study of renal tubular dysfunction and mortality in residents of an area polluted with cadmium.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the association between cadmium induced renal tubular dysfunction and mortality. A total of 230 subjects aged 40 or older and living in a cadmium polluted area in Kosaka Town, Akita Prefecture, Japan, were studied at least once between 1975 and 1977 and again in 1990. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin and total amino nitrogen concentrations were significantly related to mortality from all causes in women. The finding supports the idea that cadmium induced kidney damage is a factor associated with mortality in a general population exposed to environmental cadmium.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney.

We report a very rare case of Bellini duct carcinoma originating from the collecting tubules of the kidney. A left renal tumor was detected during a health examination and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histological examination showed papillary adenocarcinoma. By means of immunohistochemical methods, we felt that the tumor was a renal carcinoma of Bellini duct origin.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1992

[int-2 and c-erbB-2 gene amplification in urological cancers].

We analyzed the alteration of int-2, c-erbB-2 and EGFR genes in 32 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, 15 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 14 cases of prostatic carcinoma by Southern blot hybridization method. Three- to 12 fold amplification of int-2 gene was observed in 4 (12.5%) of 32 transitional cell carcinomas. Of these 4 cases 3 were G3 tumor with muscle invasion and the remaining was G1, pTa tumor with subsequent recurrence of multiple tumors. The other 2 cases (6.3%) with invasive transitional cell carcinoma showed amplification of c-erbB-2 gene. Neither amplification nor gross rearrangement of EGFR gene was detected in transitional cell carcinoma. On the other hand, renal cell carcinomas and prostatic carcinomas had neither amplification nor gross rearrangement of these 3 genes. These results suggest that the int-2 gene located in chromosome locus 11q13 and the c-erbB-2 gene have a specific role in carcinogenesis and in progression of transitional cell carcinoma through their gene amplifications.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An approach to stoma-less continent urinary diversion by uretero-ileoceco-proctostomy (ileocecorectal bladder)].

The current practice of continent urinary diversion still places the patients under the restraint of the stoma and intermittent catheterization. To overcome these problems, we developed a new technique of urinary diversion of which continent is controlled by the anal sphincter. The isolated ileocecal segment is intussuscepted and interposed between the ureters and the rectum. The conjoined ureters are anastomosed to the stump of the ileal limb, and the antimesenteric portion of the cecal limb is joined to the anterior wall of the rectum. The surgical procedure is simpler than that of the continent reservoirs currently employed. The intussuscepted ileocecal segment prevents fecal reflux to the upper urinary tract and may also inhibit carcinogenesis at the uretero-intestinal junction. Additionally, the rectal capacity is augmented by the side to side anastomosis between the cecal limb and the rectum. Our preliminary experience in 10 cases were satisfactory with respect to voiding function, antireflux mechanism of the intussuscepted ileocecal segment and quality of life. The results will justify further trials with this stomaless continent urinary diversion for those in whom the urethra cannot be used.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical studies on tosufloxacin (TFLX) in urology].

We clinically evaluated the usefulness of a new oral antimicrobial agent, TFLX, in the field of urology. The dose administered was 150 mg t.i.d and the duration of administration was 3 days. The clinical effect was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. The clinical response obtained on 164 female patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 118, moderate in 44 and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 98.78%. The clinical response obtained on 4 male patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on 3 female patients with simple pyelonephritis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on one patient with non-gonococcal urethritis was excellent by doctor's evaluation. The clinical response obtained on 7 patients with complicated UTI was excellent in 3 and moderate in 4 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. Three patients complained of stomach distress or malaise and 2 patients developed rash. No abnormal laboratory data were observed. Thus, TFLX appears to be safe and suitable for use in the field of urology.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1992

[Elevation of serum fucosyltransferase activities in malignant diseases--a sensitive tumor marker?].

Fucosyltransferase (FT) is considered to be one of the most important glycosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of cancer-associated carbohydrate chains such as CA19-9 and SLX. To determine whether FT is a sensitive tumor marker, we measured the enzyme activity of FT in sera from 136 cancer patients, 14 patients with benign diseases and 59 healthy controls, by using PA (pyridylamino)-labeled type II biantennary oligosaccharide derived from human serotransferrin as an acceptor substrate. Serum FT activity was significantly elevated in patients with cancer compared to healthy controls. Analysis of the enzyme products using HPLC and various fucosidases with different specificity revealed that alpha 1----3 FT was responsible for most of the elevation of the enzyme activity in sera from cancer patients. It should be stressed that the alpha 1----3FT derived from cancer patients transferred fucose to terminal lactosamine residues of type II biantennary oligosaccharides already attached to sialic acid. This indicates that the substrate specificity is clearly different from that reported in normal sera and tissues. In addition to alpha 1----3FT, some glycosidases including fucosidase were also elevated in sera from cancer patients.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Effects of anxiolytic drugs on escape behavior induced by dorsal central gray stimulation in rats.

Each animal was chronically implanted with bipolar electrodes in dorsal central gray matter (DCG) and was trained to press a lever to decrease the DCG-stimulation current. Chlordiazepoxide (5-20 mg/kg, PO), diazepam (2-10 mg/kg, PO) and bromazepam (1-5 mg/kg, PO) produced dose-dependent increases in the DCG-stimulation threshold 1-4 h after administration without affecting motor performance. Meprobamate (200 mg/kg, PO) and pentobarbital (10 mg/kg, PO) also slightly increased the stimulation threshold. Their potency was in the order of bromazepam greater than diazepam greater than chlordiazepoxide greater than pentobarbital greater than meprobamate. The increase in the threshold induced by diazepam (10 mg/kg, PO) was inhibited by the GABA antagonists, bicuculline (1 mg/kg, IP) and picrotoxin (0.1 mg/kg, IP). These results suggest that decreased susceptibility to brain stimulation is involved in suppressing effects of anxiolytic drugs on the escape behavior, and also that the antiaversive action of benzodiazepines may be related to a GABAergic mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Expression of c-erbB-2 gene product in urinary bladder cancer.

Expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was investigated in 54 cases of human bladder cancer immunohistologically and by Western blot analysis. For detection of the c-erbB-2 product, two specific antibodies, a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed to the intracellular domain and a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope in the extracellular domain, were used. Seventeen cases of bladder cancer were stained by the anti-c-erbB-2 polyclonal antibody, while 20 cases were stained by the monoclonal antibody, with good correlation on both stainings (p less than 0.01). There were four c-erbB-2 positive cases in 26 G1 tumors, four in 15 G2 tumors, and nine in 13 G3 tumors. There were also eight erbB-2 positive cases in nine muscle-invasive tumors, nine of 45 superficial tumors, four of five with lymph node metastasis, and seven of 14 without metastasis, as revealed by staining with the polyclonal antibody. Thus, the c-erbB-2 gene product was more frequently expressed in high grade tumors (p less than 0.01), in high stage tumors (p less than 0.01), and nodal metastatic tumors (N.S. by Chi-square test). Twenty-two of the 54 tumors were stained by an anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody, 528 IgG. The expression of EGF-R was independent of histological grading, tumor stage, and nodal status, and no correlation was observed between expression of the c-erbB-2 product and EGF-R. The c-erbB-2 product may be applicable as a tumor marker for evaluation of malignant potential, invasiveness, and probably metastatic potential of human bladder cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound evidence of hemodynamics of the female pelvis.

Transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound examinations were made on 40 patients to assess hemodynamics in the pelvis. Use of a special probe for transvaginal scanning led to superb simultaneous visualization of structures and blood flow, and we noted various events, even in the small, deep and/or peripheral vessels. Some but not all of the observations were in agreement with the results obtained using transabdominal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We propose that transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound be considered for routine use to determine physiological and pathological events in the female pelvis.

Color↗
PubMed1991

Differential effects of morphine on operant escape behavior and averse symptom induced by dorsal central gray stimulation in rats.

The involvement of a central opiate mechanism in the operant escape behavior induced by dorsal central gray (DCG) stimulation was investigated in rats. Morphine (2-10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a rise in the DCG-stimulation threshold, but did not suppress rapid running as an averse symptom. Naloxone alone affected neither the threshold nor the averse symptom. Nevertheless, naloxone counteracted morphine-induced increments in the threshold. These results suggest that the opiate system may be indirectly involved in certain aspects of the operant escape behavior induced by the DCG-stimulation.

Animals↗