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Biomedical subjects

M Morshedi

Publications and source records attributed to M Morshedi.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Defective calcium influx and acrosome reaction (spontaneous and progesterone-induced) in spermatozoa of infertile men with severe teratozoospermia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acrosome reaction and its prerequisite, a calcium influx, in spermatozoa of infertile men with a high incidence of abnormal sperm forms. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: Academic tertiary assisted reproduction center. PATIENTS: Patients (n = 14) were allocated in the study after semen evaluation showed teratozoospermia (< 14% normal sperm forms) as diagnosed by strict criteria. INTERVENTIONS: After swim-up separation of the motile fraction, acrosome reactions were evaluated using Pisum sativum agglutinin (both spontaneously and exogenously induced with P and the calcium ionophore A23187, both at 10 microM); the intracellular-free [Ca2+]i was assessed by the fluorescent fura-2 indicator (basal and after P). RESULTS: Patients did not show the typical P-induced wave of [Ca2+]i that was observed in controls but rather a blunted response, no response at all, or abnormal basal [Ca2+]i levels. The percent of basal acrosome reaction was significantly lower for patients versus controls postswim-up, and at 1 hour and 3 hours. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the response of acrosome reaction to P both at 1 hour and 3 hours, with patients showing almost no response at all. However, patients' acrosome reaction response to the calcium ionophore was similar to those of fertile men. CONCLUSION: Infertile patients with a high incidence of abnormal sperm forms as diagnosed by strict criteria have a low incidence of spontaneous acrosome reaction and a diminished P-stimulated acrosome reaction, whereas the nonspecific response to a calcium ionophore is conserved. Parallel abnormalities of [Ca2+]i were observed in patients, suggesting that these sperm populations may have a defective nongenomic P sperm receptor and/or abnormalities of other membrane transduction systems.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1993

Validation of the hemizona assay (HZA) in a monkey model. II. Kinetics of binding and influence of cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa.

We compared fresh and frozen-thawed cynomolgus monkey spermatozoa tight binding to the zona pellucida under hemizona assay (HZA) conditions. Monkey oocytes were recovered after superovulation and stored in salt solution. Matching hemizonae were obtained by micromanipulation. Semen, obtained by electroejaculation, was used fresh or was cyropreserved, thawed, and washed by swim-up separation. At the standard initial dilution of 500,000 motile sperm/ml (or 5 x 10(4) motile sperm/hemizona), binding was significantly higher for fresh sperm (P = 0.00004). For frozen-thawed samples, there was a linear increase in the number of tightly bound sperm with increasing sperm concentration (r = 0.95). At 1.5 x 10(6) motile sperm/hemizona, binding of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was similar to that of fresh at a standard concentration. Kinetic studies showed peak binding at 1 hr of gametes coincubation. We conclude that, in this monkey model, the HZA is a valuable bioassay for evaluation of sperm binding to the zona pellucida, the initial requisite for fertilization and embryo development.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Functional and morphological features of spermatozoa microaspirated from the epididymal regions of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

In most species examined to date, spermatozoa mature during transit through the epididymis to become functionally competent to swim progressively, fertilize oocytes, and produce viable offspring. In the studies presented here, the status of spermatozoa obtained from the regions of the epididymis of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was examined. Epididymal fluid was collected by microaspiration from the caput, corpus, and cauda regions. The spermatozoa obtained were evaluated for morphology, motion parameters, and tight zona pellucida binding and were compared to spermatozoa collected by electroejaculation. Epididymal and ejaculated sperm differed morphologically only in the location of the cytoplasmic droplet. Motile sperm recovered by swim-up procedure exhibited a significantly higher proportion of sperm with more distal cytoplasmic droplets than the original aspirated samples (p < 0.02). Poor duration of movement was most noticeable for corpus spermatozoa, and to a lesser degree for cauda spermatozoa, when the motion parameters of velocity, linearity, and amplitude of the lateral head were examined. Zona pellucida binding was decreased only for sperm microaspirated from the caput region; sperm obtained from the corpus and cauda regions bound comparably to those collected via electroejaculation. These results suggest that by the time cynomolgus sperm reach the corpus region of the epididymis, they are functionally competent for tight zona binding. However, these nonhuman primate sperm may not complete the metabolic changes requisite for sustained sperm motility until reaching the most distal regions of the epididymis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Successful fertilization and pregnancy outcome in in-vitro fertilization using cryopreserved/thawed spermatozoa from patients with malignant diseases.

Cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment is the only proven effective method available to circumvent the sterilizing effect of therapy in some patients with malignant diseases. Because of impaired sperm quality after freezing and thawing in-vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) was indicated in 10 patients (12 cycles) during 1986-1990. The patient's mean age was 33.4 +/- 1.6 years. The following diagnoses were made: seminoma (1), testicular carcinoma (3), leiomyosarcoma of the prostate (1), Wegener's granulomatosis (1), non-Hodgkin's (1) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (3). When motile spermatozoa could be recovered after thawing, the total fraction of motile spermatozoa after swim-up separation ranged from 0.2 to 4.2 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (eight patients, nine cycles). In all these cases, insemination was performed with multiple oocytes per dish. Fertilization was achieved when swim-up recovered a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml and when insemination was performed with at least a calculated concentration of motile spermatozoa of 1 x 10(5) spermatozoa/oocyte. The fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes was 60%. Four patients achieved a pregnancy: two of them delivered a single healthy baby, one delivered triplet healthy babies and one had a preclinical abortion. In two patients (three cycles), no motile spermatozoa were recovered after thawing, and micromanipulation of oocytes for assisted fertilization was performed. Although fertilized oocytes were transferred, those couples did not achieve a pregnancy. Patients with lymphopathies had the best results, whilst those with testicular neoplasms had the poorest outcome, thus suggesting a poor gametogenic function in the non-affected testis. These results give hope to some patients with malignant diseases to maintain their reproductive capacity through sperm banking and IVF/ET.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sperm creatine phosphokinase M-isoform ratios and fertilizing potential of men: a blinded study of 84 couples treated with in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of sperm creatine phosphokinase M-isoform (CK-MM) measurements toward predicting fertilizing potential of men. DESIGN: In 84 in vitro fertilization (IVF) couples without knowing the semen parameters, reproductive history or the outcome of the IVF cycles, we determined the sperm CK-MM ratios (the proportion of sperm CK-MM versus CK-MM+CK-BB). Husbands with less than 10% or greater than or equal to 10% CK-MM ratios were classified as "low likelihood for fertilization" (CKMM-Infertile, n = 22) or "high likelihood for fertilization" (CKMM-Fertile, n = 62), respectively. RESULTS: Both the CKMM-Infertile and CKMM-Fertile groups (CK-MM ratios: 4.9% +/- 0.6% versus 31.1% +/- 1.8%) were in the normospermic range (31.5 +/- 6.9 versus 78.4 +/- 5.9 x 10(6) sperm/mL and 45.6% +/- 5.0% versus 54.0% +/- 2.0% motility). The fertilization rates (6.2 versus 4.9 oocytes inseminated) were 14.2% versus 53.4%, and 72.7% versus 25.8% of the couples failed to achieve any oocyte fertilization. All 14 pregnancies (16.7% rate) occurred in the CKMM-Fertile group. The pregnancy rate in the 62 CKMM-Fertile couples was 22.6%, and considering only the 46 CKMM-Fertile women in whom oocyte fertilization occurred, it was 30.4%. Among the 22 CKMM-Infertile men, 9 were normospermic and 9 of the 62 CKMM-Fertile men were oligospermic. Within the CKMM-Fertile group, 12 and 2 of the 14 pregnancies occurred by the 53 normospermic and 9 oligospermic men (22.6% versus 22.2% rate). CONCLUSIONS: Sperm CK-MM ratios, a measure of normal sperm development, predict fertilizing potential independently from sperm concentrations. Sperm CK-MM ratios also detect unexplained male infertility (infertile men with normospermic semen), a diagnosis that until now could not be substantiated.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Cryopreserved/thawed semen for in vitro fertilization: results from fertile donors and infertile patients.

We evaluated the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in 54 cycles using cryopreserved/thawed semen from fertile donors. Controls were other IVF patients matched by time frame, female age, stimulation protocol, number of pre-embryos transferred, and absence of a male factor using freshly ejaculated normal semen samples. In the study group and controls, respectively, post-thaw swim-up motility was 83.1% and 89.5%; fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes (91.8%, 95.7%) and ongoing pregnancy rate (PR) per transfer (21.1%, 25.0%) were similar. The excellent fertilization rate with frozen/thawed semen was achieved through high-concentration insemination (0.5 x 10(6) motile sperm/mL). With use of frozen/thawed samples from infertile men (normal and subfertile samples), PR was similar but fertilization rate was lower. Cryopreserved semen is a valuable option for infertile couples in IVF therapy.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1988

Corrective measures and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization in patients with severe sperm morphology abnormalities.

Sperm morphology evaluated by new, strict criteria is a good predictor of outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF). This study aimed (1) to determine whether the fertilization rate of preovulatory oocytes in patients with abnormal morphology can be improved by increasing insemination concentration at the time of IVF and (2) to evaluate the pregnancy outcome in patients with abnormal sperm morphology. Three groups were studied: (1) normal morphology, (2) good prognosis pattern, and (3) poor prognosis pattern. All other sperm parameters were normal. Group 3 had a lower overall fertilization rate, lower pregnancy rate/cycle, and lower ongoing pregnancy rate/cycle. Groups 2 and 3 showed a higher miscarriage rate, although not significantly different from group 1. By increasing insemination concentration from 2- to 10-fold, the fertilization rate in group 3 increased from 14.5% to 62.6%. However, pregnancy outcome did not improve. We conclude that patients with severe sperm head abnormalities have a lower ability to establish successful pregnancies, even though fertilization may be achieved.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1988

Abnormal sperm morphology and other semen parameters related to the outcome of the hamster oocyte human sperm penetration assay.

A new method for evaluation of sperm morphology using strict criteria is currently used in the andrology laboratory at the Eastern Virginia Medical School. A prospective study was designed to evaluate the following semen parameters in samples of all patients over a set period of time: sperm concentration and motility, and normal sperm morphology. These factors were correlated with results of the hamster zona-free oocyte/human sperm penetration assay (SPA). One hundred patients with a sperm concentration ranging from 2 to 219 X 10(6)/ml, a motile sperm fraction ranging from 6.9 to 87%, and normal sperm morphology ranging from 1 to 39%, were evaluated. The statistical analysis system general linear model was used to judge the influence of the different variables. There was a statistically significant relationship between the per cent of sperm with normal morphology and penetration rate in the SPA (P = 0.001). Outcome of the SPA was also correlated with in vitro fertilization, retrospectively, in 84 patients. Thirty-eight patients had an SPA less than 10%, with no fertilization in vitro in 13 patients (33.3%) and fertilization in 25 (66.7%). Forty-five had an SPA greater than 10% with fertilization in 37 (82.2%) and no fertilization in eight (17.8%) patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Correlation between sperm morphology, acrosin, and fertilization in an IVF program.

Acrosin, a neutral proteinase, is located within the acrosome. The aim of this study was to evaluate acrosin concentrations in patients with severe damage of the sperm head and to determine whether acrosin concentration could predict the chances of fertilization in an IVF program. Sixty patients were accepted into this study, prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, those with a normal morphology of less than 14% (group I, n = 33) and those with normal morphology less than 14% (group II, n = 27). All patients had a sperm concentration of less than 20 million sperm/ml and less than 30% progressively motile sperm. The acrosin assays were performed on the semen sample obtained on the day of IVF. Routine IVF insemination procedures were used, and only mature oocytes were considered. The only factor that showed a significant correlation of fertilization was normal morphology (p less that 0.01). The mean acrosin level was 73.4 /+- 38.6 mED/10 million sperm in group I and 70.9 /+- 42.7 mIU/10 million sperm in group II (no significant difference). The fertilization rate in group I was 45.4% and in group II, 77.7% p less than 0.002). Acrosin levels were not significantly different in patients with and without fertilization (72.0 /+- 42.1 and 73.6 /+- mIU/10 million sperm, respectively).

Acrosin↗
PubMed1987

New method of evaluating sperm morphology with predictive value for human in vitro fertilization.

A prospective study was planned to evaluate sperm morphology as a parameter to predict the fertilization outcome in an in vitro fertilization program. Couples applying to in vitro fertilization were admitted into this project when the sperm concentration was greater than 20 million per mL and motility greater than 30 per cent. Based on new strict criteria for evaluating normal sperm morphology, patients were divided prospectively into 2 groups. In group I (25 patients) normal sperm morphology was less than 14 per cent, and in group II (71 patients) normal sperm morphology was greater than 14 per cent, using a threshold established previously. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate different parameters: concentration, motility, and morphology against the dependent variables, fertilization, and cleavage. The only factor which was significantly correlated with fertilization and cleavage was normal sperm morphology (P less than 0.0001). The fertilization rate (per oocyte) and the cleavage rate were 49.4 per cent and 47.6 per cent in group I and 88.3 per cent and 87 per cent in group II (P less than 0.0001). The ongoing pregnancy rate per laparoscopy and per embryo transfer was 4 per cent and 5.5 per cent, respectively, in group I and 18.3 per cent and 18.5 per cent, respectively, in group II (no significant difference). This study demonstrates the value of analyzing sperm morphology using the criteria recommended in terms of predicting fertilization and perhaps pregnancy outcome. Patients can be better counseled and the probability of fertilization or no fertilization can be more accurately established. Furthermore a trend is shown in the pregnancy rate that may indicate the importance of the male genome in establishing a pregnancy.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Practical evaluation of standard-based low-cost video conferencing in telemedicine and epidemiological applications.

The results of the evaluation of use of low-cost video conferencing systems (VCSs) in telemedicine is presented. Applications sharing, a new feature of these systems, recently has allowed high-quality computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW). The video conferencing (VCing) equipment used was Intel ProShare 200 v2.0a. It is representative of other low-cost VCSs. The areas of application are epidemiology and telemedicine (orthopaedics and radiology). Potential end users filled out 58 evaluation questionnaires concerning user profiles, contents and benefits of the sessions, organizational aspects, user friendliness, user acceptance, cost effectiveness, technical and multipoint related aspects. Although the end users had a lot of computer experience, their knowledge in VCSs was rather limited. The users assessed the system capable of being integrated into routine work, despite a high organizational impact. The VCS is user friendly, application sharing being used in almost every session. Audio quality was not always sufficient. The remote video was sufficient, as was the quality of medical images such as CT, MRI or X-ray. The user acceptance of the system was high. Multipoint sessions require a structured protocol to be effective. Some technical problems with MCUs (Multipoint Control Units) occurred. The use of low-cost standard VCSs in telemedicine is advisable and is a good substitute for real meetings.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value of sperm morphology assessed by strict criteria for prediction of the outcome of artificial (intrauterine) insemination.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sperm parameters and the outcome of artificial (intrauterine) insemination (IUI). One hundred and twenty-six patients undergoing 395 consecutive IUI cycles in a 1-year period in our institution were studied. In all cases, controlled ovarian stimulation and hCG-timed IUI were performed, followed by progesterone supplementation of the luteal phase. In 86 patients, (243 cycles) the husband's sperm was utilized, whereas in 40 couples (152 cycles), donor sperm was used due to severe male factor infertility. Among the sperm parameters of the original ejaculate, % normal morphology (assessed by strict criteria) was the most significant predictor of pregnancy (stepwise regression analysis, P = 0.003). Using logistic regression, morphology was the best predictor of pregnancy (r = 0.12); linearity of movement significantly enhanced the predictive value of morphology alone (r = 0.17, P = 0.004). Overall, the pregnancy rates were significantly higher (P = 0.01) in cases with > or = 14% normal morphology (15% per cycle) compared to cases with < 14% normal morphology (7% per cycle). This threshold level for morphology is in agreement with previously published IVF results. These results underscore the significance of sperm morphology assessed by strict criteria as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in the IUI setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of cryopreservation on spermatozoa from infertile men: implications for artificial insemination.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation-thawing on the quality of sperm from men with subfertile semen parameters. Twenty-seven patients with teratozoospermia, six of whom also had asthenozoospermia, were studied and their sperm parameters were compared to those of fertile donors (n = 71) in their fresh, post-thaw, and washed samples. After thawing, the percentage decrease in motility was significantly greater in patients than in donors, but the motility yield (post-thaw motility/prethaw motility) reached an average of 58% in the patient group vs. 68% in the donors (p = .02). No single characteristic of the fresh samples from patients or donors could significantly predict post-thaw outcome. For the patient group, however, multiple regression analysis provided a cutoff sperm concentration (50 x 10(6)/mL) and motility (40%) below which a very poor post-thaw recovery was obtained. The frozen-thawed-washed specimens had significantly higher velocity than the frozen-thawed samples, both in patients and donors. The results suggest that some patients with teratoasthenozoospermia yield acceptable sperm parameters after freezing-thawing-washing, and therefore these ejaculates could be used individually (or pooled) in artificial insemination.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between morphology and motion characteristics of human spermatozoa in semen and in the swim-up sperm fractions.

In this study, the authors evaluated the morphology pattern and motion characteristics of human spermatozoa before and after swim-up separation. Samples were divided into two, morphologically different groups according to the percentage of normal sperm forms assessed by the strict criteria of the Norfolk laboratory: "good"(G) and "poor" (P) prognosis patterns. The percentages of normal forms, slightly abnormal forms, and severe head defects were significantly different in the two groups. Motile characteristics were analyzed by a computerized semen analyzer with constant parameter settings. Before swim-up there were no significant differences in semen volume, percentage of neck and tail defects, concentration, or percentage of motility and linearity, but the mean velocity was higher in group G. After swim-up the percentage of motility, total number of motile cells, and recovery rate were higher for group G, and the incidence of severe head defects correlated negatively with the percentage of cells with a velocity of greater than 80 microns/sec. The results suggest that patients with a high incidence of sperm head defects have impaired original velocity, and swim-up selects for velocity as well as normal forms and motility. Although motility and velocity improved substantially after swim-up, the recovery rate and percentage of motility were significantly lower in the P group.

Cell Separation↗