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Biomedical subjects

M Moskowitz

Publications and source records attributed to M Moskowitz.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Relation of in vitro inhibition by chelates of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin to their ability to protect against experimental toxemia.

The inhibition of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentacetate (DTPA) was studied utilizing three different in vitro assay procedures: diffusion on egg yolk-agar, disintegration of muscle sections, and manometric assay with partially purified lecithin as substrate. DTPA was 10 to 20 times more efficient as an inhibitor than EDTA in systems containing relatively large amounts of calcium; these observations were similar to those observed in previous in vivo protection studies. A number of other chelating agents were tested for their ability to inhibit alpha-toxin in vitro and protect mice against it; the chelating agents which were the most efficient in vitro inhibitors had the greatest in vivo protective ability.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Relationship of route of inoculation and nature of toxin preparation to bioassay of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin in mice.

The toxicity of Clostridium perfringens was determined in mice utilizing three different routes of inoculation. There was marked variation in the minimum lethal dose with the different routes; the largest amount was required for the intracutaneous route, less for the intravenous route, and least with the intraperitoneal route. The relationship of toxicity to the lecithinase content of different toxin preparations was assayed. It was found that the toxicity of toxin preparations in different states of purification was not correlated with their lecithinase content.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Effects of chelates in chemotherapy of experimental gas-gangrene toxemia.

The relative ability of the calcium chelates of calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and calcium trisodium ethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) to protect mice against lethal doses of Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was investigated. Their protective ability was assayed by the increase in survival time of mice which had been given large doses of toxin, and by determining the median protective dose of chelate that would protect mice against toxin at a minimum lethal dose of two. In both assay procedures, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intracutaneous injections of toxin were utilized, and with each toxin injection route the protective ability of the chelate was determined with the three routes of injection. DTPA was 10 to 20 times more effective than EDTA with both types of assay procedure and with all injection routes. DTPA may be superior to EDTA as a protective agent not only because it binds zinc to a greater extent, but also because of its greater retention in the body and its ability to gain entrance into cells. It appears that DTPA may be of value as a therapeutic agent in gas-gangrene.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

Separation and properties of a red cell sensitizing substance from streptococci.

Moskowitz, Merwin (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.). Separation and properties of a red cell sensitizing substance from streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 91:2200-2204. 1966.-An antigen that binds onto red cells and causes them to be agglutinated by antiserum was separated from streptococci. Various procedures to extract the antigen from streptococci were investigated, and the greatest amount of antigen was obtained by extraction of cells with a phenol-water mixture. The reaction of the antigen with red cells was shown to be reversible by use of the Ashby mixed agglutination technique. The antigen also combines with a number of different tissues, and it was demonstrated that the antigen could be transferred from red cells to tissues and vice versa. An hypothesis is presented on the basis of these findings which suggests a possible role for this antigen in the etiology of rheumatic fever.

Absorption↗
PubMed1966

Nature of a red cell sensitizing substance from streptococci.

Jackson, Robert W. (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), and Merwin Moskowitz. Nature of a red cell sensitizing substance from streptococci. J. Bacteriol. 91:2205-2209. 1966.-A method for purifying a streptococcal antigen which sensitizes red cells to agglutination by antiserum is described. The antigen, when purified by this method, is almost exclusively composed of glycerophosphate and d-alanine. The ratio of alanine to glycerophosphate varies from 1:5 to 1:3. The glycerophosphate is polymerized and is thus a teichoic acid. The polyglycerophosphate appears to be the antigenic determinant for agglutination. d-Alanine is readily removed by mild base and appears to be necessary for the attachment of the teichoic acid to red cells. Quantitative removal of alanine does not affect the ability of the polymer to absorb antibody from serum.

Alanine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methods of automatically acquiring images from digital medical systems.

Automated image acquisition plays an important role in a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). However, there is no single solution for automated data acquisition from existing digital medical imaging systems. We have gained a great deal of experience on automatic acquiring data by interfacing imaging scanners of major manufacturers. In this paper, we categorize the interface methods supported by the current image scanners. This categorization consists of five architectural models: (a) sequential chain; (b) direct interface; (c) memory access; (d) shared disk; and (e) interconnected network. The cost, rate of data transfer, and ease of implementation of each model are discussed. To ensure the integrity and availability of patient images in a PACS system, automated fault tolerance design in image acquisition is required. Based upon our field data, we report common scenarios which cause the acquisition to fail. We also describe techniques employed to automatically restart the operations which include recovery from acquisition processes' errors and traps, image acquisition computer down-time occurrence, and shutdown occurrence of medical imaging system.

Automation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for breast cancer: how effective are our tests? A critical review.

The primary goal of screening for breast cancer is to detect the disease at a smaller size and presumably earlier stage. A review of the literature is presented, which evaluates the ability of thermography, mammography, and clinical examination to lower the threshold size at detection and evaluate the predictive value of a positive test as compared with the prevalence of cancer existing in the population reported. We have found little evidence to indicate that clinical thermography lowers the stage at detection, and neither does a positive thermogram in screening seem to have a strong predictive value. Clinical examination can lower threshold over current threshold levels, but only at the expense of a very high biopsy rate. The data reported in the literature show that mammography can advance the stage at detection and have a reasonably high predictive value compared with the isoprobability baseline.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance of a low-fat diet: follow-up of the Women's Health Trial.

This report examines the maintenance of a low-fat diet 1 year on average after the completion of intervention sessions among participants in the Women's Health Trial (WHT). The WHT was a randomized controlled trial of the feasibility of adoption of a low-fat diet among women of moderate or increased risk of breast cancer, conduced in Seattle, Houston, and Cincinnati in 1985-1988. The women randomized to the low-fat diet attended an intensive dietary intervention program for 5-37 months. Intervention women were highly successful in reducing their dietary fat intake from 40.0% of energy intake at baseline to 26.3% by the end of the trial, based on a food frequency questionnaire (or an estimated 24% adjusted for the inaccuracies of a food frequency questionnaire versus a 4-day diet record). During 1989, 1 year on average after the WHT ended, 448 intervention women and 457 control women (87% of eligibles) completed a follow-up survey to determine the degree of maintenance of the diet. The intervention women maintained the low-fat diet with an increase of only 1.4 percentage points of energy from fat, despite the fact that they had attended no further intervention sessions and had made no commitment to maintain the diet beyond the end of the WHT. Furthermore, the degree of maintenance of the low-fat diet was not dependent on the length of time in the intervention, which suggests that intervention led to a sustained change in eating habits after as little as 5-9 months (8-13 classes).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diaphanography: transillumination of the breast.

Diaphanography is a new imaging modality utilizing light to examine the breast. While this technique is similar to transillumination, it has several significant differences. Unlike transillumination, diaphanography makes use of selected wavelengths of light and special imaging equipment. While diaphanography appears to be a promising method for the screening of breast disease, it is still in the experimental stages. Studies evaluating the efficacy of this new modality are necessary before diaphanography can replace current methods of breast examination.

Breast Diseases↗