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Biomedical subjects

M Moussa

Publications and source records attributed to M Moussa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

1,1-Dichloroethylene-induced alterations in glutathione and covalent binding in murine lung: morphological, histochemical, and biochemical studies.

Non-ciliated Clara cells of the pulmonary bronchiolar epithelium are preferentially damaged by administration of 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) to mice. In this study, an in vivo system was utilized to investigate the dose-dependent effects of 1,1-DCE (75, 125, 175, and 225 mg/kg) on covalent binding and on reduced glutathione (GSH) in murine lung. Treatment of mice with each dose level of 1,1-DCE elicited significant decreases in GSH content and resulted in covalent binding of [14C]1,1-DCE in a dose-dependent manner. Histochemical staining for GSH in lungs of control mice revealed positive cellular sites in alveolar septa and bronchiolar epithelium, with the highest staining intensities in Clara cells. Staining was reduced after exposure to 75 and 125 mg/kg 1,1-DCE, and at higher doses it was abolished in alveolar septa and retained in bronchiolar epithelium, albeit at considerably reduced intensities. Heterogeneity with respect to staining intensities was consistently observed in the Clara cell population in both control and 1,1-DCE-treated mice. Progressive increases in covalent binding and decreases in GSH content correlated with increasing severities of Clara cell injury. These results show a dose dependence in regard to the magnitudes of [14C]1,1-DCE binding, the alterations in cellular GSH, and the severities of Clara cell necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Gastroesophageal reflux with combined caudal and halothane anesthesia in children].

Sixteen children, aged 2 to 5 years and ranked ASA 1, were included in this study assessing gastro-oesophageal reflux occurring under halothane anaesthesia, before and during, caudal anaesthesia. They were scheduled for surgery below the umbilicus lasting 1 to 5 h. After premedication with oral hydroxyzine (2 mg.kg-1) and intravenous atropine (10 micrograms.kg-1), induction was carried out with 3% halothane. A gastro-oesophageal pH probe was inserted via the nose after calibration at 37 degrees C. A neutral pH for the oesophageal electrode and an acid pH for the gastric one demonstrated the correct position of the probe. The pH was then registered every 4 s. The probe was left in situ until the patient left the recovery room. The caudal anaesthesia catheter was then inserted with the patient lying on his left side. Caudal anaesthesia was began with 2.5 mg.kg-1 of plain bupivacaine and 5 mg.kg-1 of plain lidocaine. When the patient was lying supine again, narcosis was maintained with 0.5% halothane and 50% nitrous oxide. A dose of 1.5 mg.kg-1 of bupivacaine was injected every 30 to 45 min. None of the children displayed any respiratory signs (coughing, dyspnoea, bronchospasm, cyanosis) during the combined anaesthetic. Two episodes of asymptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux were revealed by this method, one lasting 7 minutes and occurring during insertion of the caudal catheter, and the other, lasting 4 minutes, during recovery. There were no pulmonary sequels. There was excellent respiratory and haemodynamic stability throughout. The two episodes seemed to have been triggered off by rapid displacement of the patient and too deep an anaesthetic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1992

Maternal fructosamine and glycosylated haemoglobin in the prediction of gestational glucose intolerance.

The value of maternal glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1c) and fructosamine in the prediction of gestational diabetes is debated. One hundred high risk patients were grouped as normal, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus, according to the WHO criteria, after 2 hours, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Maternal HBA1c and fructosamine were measured at different gestational ages and at the start of labour. The aim of the study was to determine the most sensitive predictor of abnormal glucose tolerance. Maternal fructosamine was higher in gestational diabetics than in the other two groups, but the difference was not of statistical significance. The values for normal and IGT groups overlapped markedly. The fructosamine test sensitivity was 12.2%, specificity was 94.7% and predictability was 75%. Glycosylated haemoglobin was significantly higher in IGT and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) groups than in the normal group after 36 weeks of gestation. At 32 weeks or less the difference was not of statistical significance. As with fructosamine, there was a wide range of value that overlapped markedly, particularly between the normal and IGT patients. The HBA1c test sensitivity was 19.1%, specificity was 95% and predictability was 81.1%. This suggests that both HBA1c and fructosamine have very low sensitivity as predictors of gestational glucose intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Perforating eye injuries due to intraocular foreign bodies.

The results of sixty-four perforating eye injuries with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) treated at University Hospital over ten years were reported. Compared to an earlier report we found that the population at risk was the same and consisted of patients under 35 years (70%), males (95.3%) and work related (86%). The commonest causes of IOFB were hand hammer (64.1%) and grass cutting (20.3%). We also noted that while the incidence of cases had increased by 23%, the final visual outcome has improved significantly due to advances in preoperative diagnosis and surgical techniques. Preoperative factors found to have a statistically significant effect on the final visual outcome were the size of the IOFB, poor initial visual acuity, and the presence of the following complications: cataract, iris damage and vitreous haemorrhage. The outcome was also worse in posterior segment IOFBs but this was not statistically significant.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of histamine and methylhistamine in testicular feminizing syndrome.

Histamine is implicated in several reproductive functions. Correlation between histamine metabolism and sex hormones has been a matter of interest for many years. Urinary histamine excretion has been studied under various experimental conditions in different species. In man it was reported, that the urinary excretion of histamine and/or methylhistamine in women was correlated to the excretion of oestrogen. Very little is known about the condition in man with intersex. The case reported here shows that histamine and methylhistamine excretion in urine in a patient with testicular feminizing syndrome is unaffected by castration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The anatomical pattern of gonarthrosis in Saudi Arabia.

Fifty patients in Saudi Arabia with primary gonarthrosis were randomly selected in order to study the anatomical pattern of the disease. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken with the patients nonweight-bearing and weight-bearing; axial projections of the patello-femoral joint were also taken. Involvement of more than one compartment was significantly more common than it was in a Swedish series. The patello-femoral joint was affected in 80% compared with 48% of the Swedish knees. Different living habits are suggested as a contributory cause for the different patterns of gonarthrosis in the two countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Exercise time relationship to coronary risk factors in Kuwaiti adult males 1985-1986.

Two hundred and sixty-nine apparently healthy Kuwaiti men, aged 20-49, from 800 randomly selected Kuwaiti families, were examined for cardiovascular fitness and risk factors for coronary heart diseases (CHD). The risk factors were examined by exercise stress test on Quinton-2000 ECG monitor and treadmill Q-model 24-26, Bruce protocol, along with Ergo-oxyscreen, by laboratory tests of fasting blood lipid levels, and by interview using a questionnaire. The sample was stratified into three age groups, 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49. For the entire sample, the results showed that a number of the investigated factors were significantly correlated with the duration of treadmill exercise time. Univariate analysis indicated that performance was inversely correlated with age, cholesterol levels, cholesterol:HDL ratio, triglycerides and uric acid, weight, body-build indexes, body density, resting heart rate, blood pressure (BP), personal history of CHD, and smoking habits. Most of the observed significant correlations were particularly pronounced in the younger age groups, 20-39 years. In this group, significant results in the analysis of variance were found between the treadmill performance time and a number of risk factors, including: cholesterol levels, age, cholesterol:HDL ratios, triglycerides, uric acid, heart rate, elevated systolic blood pressure, and obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening for lead poisoning in Bedouin children. A study from Kuwait.

Screening for lead poisoning can be performed by measuring either blood lead (PbB) or a haematological indicator such as erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP). We have screened 902 infants and children aged from 3 months to 5 years amongst those attending three primary health care centres in AI Jahra governorate of Kuwait. Blood specimens were collected by finger prick on Guthrie filter paper and the dried blood samples were mailed to the Central Laboratory of the Children's Hospital, Buffalo, USA. One hundred and eighty-four (20 per cent) had an elevated EP (greater than 50 micrograms/dl). Of those 11 had values above 159 micrograms/dl; 140 children were further tested for blood lead levels (PbB) haemoglobin, mean cell volumes, and percentage of transferrin saturation; 41 had blood lead levels greater than 25 micrograms/dl which is the current definition of elevated blood lead levels. Two children (2 per cent) were in Class IV, 17 (15 per cent) and 16 (14 per cent) were in Class II and Class III, respectively. There was a significant correlation between EP and PbB (r = 0.686; P = less than 0.001). Of 72 children with elevated EP and normal PbB, 32 were anaemic (Hb less than 11 g/dl) and 20 had iron deficiency. The role of tribal practices using lead contaminated preparations and their contribution to elevated blood lead levels is discussed.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

Oxyphilic granular cell adenoma (oncocytoma)--a histochemical and ultrastructural study.

Oxyphilic granular cell adenoma (oncocytoma) is extremely rare usually benign neoplasm. Specimens from four oncocytomas of the parotid gland were studied by light microscopy using different histochemical stains, and by electron microscopy. The haematoxylin and eosin stained sections revealed large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. These granules appear blue with phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stain, purplish blue with mallory aniline blue stain and are moderately reactive to alcian blue and PAS. No elastic fibers could be seen in the intercellular substance using Verhoeff's stain. At the ultrastructural level, the tumour cells were characterized by great numbers of mitochondria. Many of the mitochondria contained glycogen granules. Dividing mitochondria were also observed.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

A scanning electron microscopic study of exfoliated malignant oral epithelial cells.

Investigators disagree regarding the value of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The objective of the present study was to examine exfoliated oral epithelial cells from malignant lesions of the oral mucosa by means of Scanning electron microscope (S. E. M.) in order to determine whether SEM surface characteristics might be useful and specific to predict more accurately the nature of these lesions. Twenty cases of squamous cell carcinomas of non keratinized sites of the oral mucosa (Cheek and floor of the mouth) were selected for this study. Exfoliated cells were collected by scraping by means of modified Ayre's spatula and spread over a standard glass microscope slide for light microscope examination, while those for SEM were spread evenly on a plastic square (1 cm2) cut from a polyester sheet of Melinex "O" (Firket 1966). Altered tissue architectures and cell surface architectures were demonstrated in malignant oral lesions. Bizarre cell forms often showing an absence of close cell-cell contact relationships were seen. The observed cell surface patterns were apparently not related to the degree of keratinization when compared to normal surface patterns of corresponding areas of oral mucosa studied in a previous work. These changes appeared to some extent to be related to the clinical diagnosis and to the degree of epithelial atypia observed by the lesions. In conclusion the observations made in this study demonstrate that surface structural differences exist between exfoliated cells from malignant lesions of the oral mucosa and those from corresponding normal non keratinized sites and that the SEM might be of a diagnostic value.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

[Locoregional anesthesia in pediatrics].

Local anaesthesia may consist of a sensitive and a motor blockade. It is essentially used in human clinic for the sensitive blockade which is induced. All techniques or nearly are possible in regional anaesthesia for children if they are practised with discernment by a physician accustomed to the same techniques in adults. But caudal anaesthesia remains the most commonly performed and simple. The main advantages consist in abolition of intra- and postoperative pain, calm and comfort but also in a decrease of respiratory complications. There are two leading risks: infectious and especially toxic after an accidental injection of bupivacaine. These techniques should be systematically proposed but carefully carried out in all suffering children.

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1989

Pattern of obesity and insulin, glucagon, sex hormone binding globulin and lipids in obese Arab women.

A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 86 healthy premenopausal obese Arab women (BMI greater than or equal to 30) Glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), plasma lipids and uric acid were also estimated. Waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) had significant positive correlation with age, triglycerides (TG), uric acid, fasting and 120 min glucose, and 120 min insulin and significant negative correlation with SHBG. Body mass index (BMI) had significant correlation with uric acid, fasting and 120 min insulin, and significant negative correlation with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL Chol). When separated in two subgroups, with WHR greater than 0.80 (41), and less than or equal to 0.80 (45 cases), plasma glucose was in the diabetic range in seven; and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 11 women in the former subgroup. Only three with IGT but no diabetics, were in lower WHR subgroup. WHR in diabetics (0.93), and in IGT cases (0.90) was significantly higher than in other women (0.80). Fasting insulin was not different, but at 90 and 120 min, insulin was higher in the high WHR subgroup who had also higher fasting, 90 and 120 min glucose. Glucagon level, though slightly higher in the higher (WHR) subgroup, may indicate relative hyperglucagonaemia because of the associated significantly higher glucose. Compared with age matched non-obese controls, obese women in both subgroups had significantly higher insulin, uric acid and significantly lower HDL Chol and lower glucagon (insignificant). Obese women in the higher WHR subgroup (greater than 0.80) had also significantly higher systolic blood pressure, TG and lower SHBG.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery. Pharmacokinetic study and clinical significance].

In 1987, 758 caudal anaesthesia allowed the execution of 41% of all our department's operations. Urological, genital, inguinal and lower limbs surgery were the most frequent. The injection into the extradural space through the hiatus sacralis always included the mixture of lidocaine with bupivacaine to speed up the beginning of the operation. The patients were split up into 2 equal groups and were given 1.25 ou 2.50 mg.kg-1 of bupivacaine (i.e. 0.50 ml.kg-1 of a 2.50 or 0.50% solution). Bupivacaine plasma levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in 40 patients from the first group and in 42 patients from the second. They reached their maximum about 500 or 1,000 ng.ml-1 respectively, 30 mn after the injection and always fell back 4 hours after the administration. These concentrations were compared with the levels obtained by infusion to the dog, which cause serious cardiac disorders with 6,000 to 8,000 ng.ml-1 levels, and elicit ventricular fibrillation with 8,000 to 10,000 ng.ml-1. So the safety margin appears greater when overdose and/or intravascular injection are avoided. Caudal anaesthesia is easy, fast acting and allows to relieve post-operative pain. It is suitable for all surgery below the umbilicus and can be used on an outpatient basis.

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1988

On geographical variations in the normal range of joint motion.

Fifty Saudi Arabian men 30 to 40 years of age without present or previous history of injury or disease related to the lower extremities were randomly selected for measurement of the range of motion in the basic planes of hip, knee, and ankle joint. The results were compared to a similar study from Scandinavia. There was a highly significant difference in external rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee, and dorsiflexion of the ankle. Cultural differences in the activities of daily life are suggested to explain the differences in the range of motion.

Adult↗