[Ethics and dentistry].
Is Odontology asserved to ethical? Three thought's axis are considered: 1. Ethical and research. 2. Negligence during cares. 3. Refusal to give cares (AIDS).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
M Muller
Publications and source records attributed to M Muller.
Pituitary-adrenal system and passive avoidance in rats.
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Adrenalectomy↗
[Dental eruption cysts in small children].
Cysts commonly develop at the time of eruption of deciduous teeth. Excision is easy to perform. Eruption cysts should be differentiated from neonatal epulis and hemangioma.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Recommended or forbidden: focus on chewing gum].
The use of chewing-gum may be beneficial to oral hygiene and become part of an anti-cavity prevention protocol. The conditions of use must be well defined: the sweetener should not be used by the bacterial plaque and fluoride, an anti-cavity agent, must enter into its composition.
Chewing Gum↗
Cooperative interaction of chicken lysozyme enhancer sub-domains partially overlapping with a steroid receptor binding site.
Expression of the lysozyme gene is a marker for the differentiation of macrophages, lysozyme transcription being gradually increased during maturation. We have analyzed the fine structure and function of two macrophage-specific enhancer elements of the chicken lysozyme gene (E-2.7 kb and E-0.2 kb). Both increase their activities upon LPS induction, both contain multiple binding sites for similar or identical nuclear factors and both can be divided into two functional modules. For the E-0.2 kb enhancer we found a synergistic activity of the modules to be dependent on their distance. Binding sites for nuclear proteins within enhancer E-0.2 kb overlap substantially with the previously identified progesterone/glucocorticoid receptor binding site, which is required for steroid induction of lysozyme transcription in the oviduct.
Animals↗
Elevated apolipoprotein(a) levels in cancer patients.
Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We report a significant elevation of total plasma apolipoprotein(a) levels in cancer patients compared with hospitalized control patients and normal healthy blood donors. Of the cancer patients studied, 48% had levels in excess of 350 mg/l compared to 20% in normal blood donors and 29% of hospitalized control patients. The elevation was more prevalent but less extreme than that reported in patients with cardiovascular disease. Density gradient centrifugation studies of plasma from cancer patients revealed the presence of apolipoprotein(a) at a density of 1.085 g/ml in the region where mRNA-containing proteolipids, neoproteolipids and malignancy-associated lipoproteins had previously been isolated.
Apolipoproteins A↗
[Oro-facial diagnosis of battered children (Silverman syndrome). Management].
In France, 6 children on 1,000 are abused or neglected. The orofacial lesions are most often evocatives, but the diagnosis is sometimes delicate. The laws and the deontologic code are not precise concerning the attitude of the dentist facing a Silverman syndrome. In U.S.A., 8% of all dentists responding saw suspected cases of child abuse. We have not such statistics in France. The structures of protection and taking in care seems to be unknown of our collegues.
Child↗
[Creating an optimal learning environment].
The charge sister, or first-line nursing manager, is the king pin in clinical teaching of the student. The teaching function of the ward sister is discussed with emphasis on the principles of guidance, leadership and motivation, which is essential for establishing an optimal learning environment.
Education, Nursing↗
Evaluation of a sanitation programme using eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides in household yard soils as indicators.
Soil samples were analysed for the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs as indicators of environmental pollution in household yards in Maputo, Mozambique, with the objective of evaluating the impact of a programme for the promotion of improved latrine construction. The locations for soil sample collection were defined by a random grid on which household activities were mapped. In addition, parasitological examinations were carried out amongst household residents. No significant difference was found between the type of latrine in use and the presence of Ascaris eggs in the soil or human Ascaris infection. Households with at least one infected person appeared more likely to have Ascaris eggs in the yard. It was notable that egg counts around the latrines were only slightly greater than in other areas of the yard and less than those immediately in front of the dwelling. This is taken to indicate that faecal pollution of the household environment is due more to promiscuous defecation than to poor construction or maintenance of the latrines. The findings highlight the need to complement sanitation 'hardware' with the necessary health education 'software'. Ascaris eggs are useful indicators but robust standardized methods are needed for their extraction from household soils.
Adolescent↗
Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors.
Progesterone (PRE) or glucocorticoid receptor (GRE) DNA binding sites are often found clustered with binding sites for other transcription factors. Individual protein binding sites were tested without the influence of adjacent factors by analyzing isolated combinations of several transcription factor binding sites with PREs or GREs. All show strong synergistic effects on steroid induction. The degree of synergism is inversely related to the strength of the GRE. Thus, a steroid responsive unit can be composed of several modules that, if positioned correctly, act synergistically.
Base Sequence↗
A new quantitative model of total endolymph flow in the system of semicircular ducts.
1. A new concept of endolymph flow in the vertebrate vestibular system is presented. This approach describes quantitatively the flow in the entire system of three semicircular ducts interconnected by the utriculus and the crus commune. This approach is quite distinct from the classical theory in which the labyrinth is generally conceived to consist of three separate duct circuits. 2. The present approach shows the following set of distinct differences to the classical view: (a) In a labyrinth composed of three ducts perpendicular to each other the flow is non-zero in the other ducts when the labyrinth is rotated in the plane of a particular duct. (b) In a labyrinth with two equal ducts and with the duct planes under approximately 73 degrees the flow in one duct is zero when the rotation takes place in the plane of the other duct. Previous measurements of duct angles reflect this value surprisingly well. An obtuse or sharp angle between duct planes can lead to better performance of a particular labyrinth because the "external impulses" in the different ducts may amplify or compensate each other. (c) The behaviour of the flow in the entire labyrinth is a non-linear function of direction or rotation (cf. points (d), (e]. (d) Six time constants for the entire labyrinth can be distinguished (three long, three short); the flow in a particular duct is composed of six terms with these time constants. The composition of this flow and thus the relative importance of the terms depends on the positioning of the labyrinth with respect to the rotation vector. (e) The time constants also depend, for different labyrinths, on a shared influence of the dimensions of the ducts and the elastic properties of all three cupulae. (f) The forces in a particular duct depend also on the amount of motion the fluid will acquire in the other ducts. (g) The sensitivity of a particular duct depends also on the dimensions of the other parts in the vestibular system. 3. Equations for a system consisting of two ducts and for the classical single duct system are also given. Both systems are special cases of the three-duct system. The single duct equations are equivalent with equations given by Oman (1980) and Oman et al. (1987) which include the contribution of a wide utriculus. 4. The present theory of endolymph flow is mainly supported by the outcome of previously performed experiments concerning time constants and rotation of human subjects in different planes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
A mathematical approach enabling the calculation of the total endolymph flow in the semicircular ducts.
1. A mathematical treatment of the flow inside the vertebrate labyrinth is given. The main difference to former theories (e.g. the "torsion pendulum" theory) is that the entire system formed by the three semicircular ducts, interconnected by the crus commune and the utriculus, is considered, instead of a single duct circuit. 2. The theory consists of a geometrical description of a labyrinth rotating in space, the solution of the continuity equation, determination of the initial velocities in all the ducts in a "cupulometry" experiment and derivation of the equation of motion (e.o.m.). 3. Equations for a system consisting of two ducts and for the classical single-duct system are special cases of the three-duct system. 4. Three different methods for the solution of the e.o.m. are described: an analytical one, a Runge-Kutta simulation and an "asymptotic" method. The last method includes approximations of the solution of the e.o.m. on a long and a short time scale. Its advantage is that it gives an insight based on rather manageable formulae. 5. The physiological basis of the presented theory, biological applications and verification are given in a separate paper (Muller & Verhagen, 1988).
Animals↗
Solitary pulmonary granulomatous pneumocystosis.
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Adult↗
Pairing properties of bromouracil and repair of bromouracil-containing DNA. Possible utilization of bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate for site-directed mutagenesis.
5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate (Br-dUTP) and dTTP are used interchangeably for DNA synthesis in vitro by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. When DNA containing Br-dUMP instead of dTMP at a few preselected sites is transfected into competent bacteria, no mutation occurs, indicating that in vivo E. coli DNA polymerase always places a dAMP residue in front of any unrepaired Br-dUMP residue. On the other hand, in vitro Br-dUTP can also replace dCTP, but only with difficulty: when dCTP is absent, Br-dUMP can be forced in front of a dGMP residue, but the Klenow polymerase pauses before and after addition of Br-dUMP. Transfection into E. coli of the substituted DNA leads to the expected G----A transitions. These mutations can easily be targeted by using a suitable primer and the correctly chosen mix of deoxynucleoside triphosphates containing Br-dUTP. When Br-dUMP has been placed in front of a dGMP residue, the mutation yield is not 100%, showing a partial repair of the transfected DNA before it is replicated. Advantage can be taken of this partial repair to prepare a set of different mutations within a target region in a single experiment.
Base Composition↗
Cooperativity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the CACCC-box binding factor.
Glucocorticoid receptor binding sites (GRE) are often tightly clustered with other transcription factor binding sequences. Examples of this occur upstream of the genes for chicken lysozyme and human metallothionein IIA (ref. 3), in several retroviral LTRs and upstream of the rat tryptophan oxygenase (TO) gene. In the TO gene, sequences immediately upstream of a glucocorticoid receptor binding site are required for steroid induction and contain a CACCC-box identical to that found in the beta globin gene. Here we demonstrate specific binding to this TO-CACCC element and show that it will also act cooperatively with a MMTV glucocorticoid receptor binding site. The response to dexamethasone is independent of the order and relative orientation of these elements but does depend on their precise spacing. Optimal induction occurs at a periodicity of approximately 10 base pairs (bp) indicating a requirement for stereospecific alignment. Binding to the CACCC box, however, is not affected by its distance from the glucocorticoid receptor site. We conclude that the observed cooperativity is mediated by protein:protein interactions and does not depend on cooperative DNA binding.
Acetyltransferases↗
Determination of U in human tissues by delayed neutron activation analysis.
A rapid, sensitive and highly selective technique using Delayed Neutron Activation Analysis (DNAA) has been used to determine U concentrations in human tissues. Two different sample preparation techniques were compared: one involves total matrix destruction to a dry ash while the other is a nondestructive preparation of the wet sample. The data obtained from the analyses of the same sample by DNAA of wet tissues, DNAA of ashed tissues and from radiochemical analyses using alpha spectroscopy (a standard method of U determination) were statistically equivalent on the basis of variance analysis at the p = 0.05 level.
Activation Analysis↗
[Problem solving: Nominal Group Technic].
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Humans↗