PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Murao

Publications and source records attributed to M Murao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Malnutrition as a prognostic factor in lymphoblastic leukaemia: a multivariate analysis.

One hundred and twenty eight Brazilian children with lymphoblastic leukaemia were intensively treated with a Berlin-Frankfurt-Munich based protocol. More children had a white cell count above 50 x 10(9)/l (31%) then observed in developed countries. After a median follow up of 31 months (11-58 months), the estimated probability of relapse free survival was 41% (7%) for the whole group. After adjustment in the Cox's multivariate model, malnutrition was the most significant adverse factor affecting duration of complete remission. Age above 8 years and high peripheral white cell count were also significant adverse factors. Among the nutritional indices, the height for age and weight for age z scores were both significant, whether the cut off points of z-2 or z = -1.28 were chosen to define malnutrition. A strong statistical association between the two indices was found; the contribution of height for age z score to the prediction of relapse free survival was more significant. Children with height for age z score < -2 had a relapse risk of 8.2 (95% confidence interval 3.1 to 21.9) relative to children with z score > -2. The results of this study suggest that socioeconomic and nutritional factors should be considered in the prognostic evaluation of children with leukaemia in developing countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Statistic evaluation of prognostic risk factors in penetrating keratoplasty using Cox multiple regression model].

Preoperative risk factors that may influence the prognosis in penetrating keratoplasty were statistically analyzed on 698 consecutive eye that had been operated on at the University of Tokyo Hospital. A Cox multiple regression model (proportional hazards models) was constructed with simultaneous consideration of follow-up periods and prognostic factors. Six preoperative risk factors were identified: corneal endothelial damage, the presence of anterior synechiae, glaucoma, older donor age, the area of vascularization, and aphakia or pseudophakia. Simulations of the prognosis were attempted using the significant factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of enalapril maleate on cerebral blood flow in chronic cerebral infarction.

UNLABELLED: The influence of long-term oral administration of enalapril maleate (an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in 10 patients with chronic cerebral infarction. The rCBF was measured by a 133Xe inhalation method before and after a mean of sixty-five days' administration of 5 mg of enalapril. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was mildly decreased in 6 patients, but the average change in MABP was not significant (Endtidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PeC02) was not changed significantly. The mean rCBF was increased by 8% after administration of enalapril (0.05 less than p less than 0.1) There was no significant correlation between percent change in MABP and the percent change in rCBF. These results indicate that enalapril has not only antihypertensive action but also a beneficial effect on the cerebral circulation in patients with chronic cerebral infarction.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Effect of single oral administration of nilvadipine on cerebral blood flow in chronic cerebral infarction.

UNLABELLED: The effect of nilvadipine, a newly developed calcium antagonist, on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was investigated in 7 patients with chronic cerebral infarction. rCBF was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method. Patients were given a single dose of 4 mg of nilvadipine after the first measurement of rCBF, and the second measurement was done one hour after the administration. All patients had hemiparesis and 2 of them had mild to moderate mental deterioration, but all patients could walk to the outpatient clinic by themselves. RESULTS: (1) rCBF of the affected side significantly increased by 22.7% after single oral administration of nilvadipine (p < 0.05). The increase of rCBF was significantly marked in frontal regions of the affected hemispheres. (2) No significant changes in blood pressure or end tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide were observed during the examination. These results indicate that nilvadipine has a potent selective vasodilatory action on the cerebral arteries in patients with cerebral infarction.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular effects of topical instillation of UF-021 ophthalmic solution in healthy volunteers].

Phase I studies, as divided into two stages, were conducted in healthy volunteers with the ophthalmic solution of UF-021, a novel prostaglandin metabolite-related compound, that was reported to exhibit potent intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing activity in various species of animals. In the first stage, the vehicle as well as UF-021 ophthalmic solutions at concentration of 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.09% were applied topically to the eyes of 8 healthy volunteers to determine their respective effects through observations on the IOP, and local ocular and systemic side effects. In the second stage, 2 dosages of UF-021 ophthalmic solution, 0.06% and 0.12%, were applied topically to 11 healthy volunteers to investigate the IOP-reducing activities and local ocular side effects. The results revealed that ophthalmic solutions of UF-021 at concentrations ranging from 0.03% to 0.12% reduced IOP in a dose-dependent manner with neither systemic nor local ocular controversial side effects at those dosage levels. In summary, UF-021 ophthalmic solutions, when administered to healthy volunteers through single instillation, reduced IOP significantly without causing any side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Effects of nicorandil on regional cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebral infarction. Preliminary communication.

The effect of a single oral dose of nicorandil (N-2-(hydroxyethyl)-nicotinamide nitrate, CAS 65141-46-0) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in 9 patients with cerebral infarction. The rCBF was measured by the Xe-133 inhalation method before and after a single oral 10 mg dose of nicorandil. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was mildly but significantly decreased. PeCO2 did not change significantly. Mean rCBF was significantly increased by 20.9% after administration of nicorandil (p less than 0.05). No significant correlation between percentage change in the MABP and percentage change in the rCBF was observed. These results indicate that nicorandil is not just a coronary vasodilator, but also possesses beneficial effects on the cerebral circulation in patients with cerebral infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Corneal endothelial cell damage in penetrating keratoplasty].

Fifty-eight corneal grafts were investigated by specular microscopy to determine the corneal endothelial damage in penetrating keratoplasty. The center of the donor corneal endothelium was examined before and after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The cell density decreased periodically during the observation period, and the endothelial cell loss in all the cases averaged 10. 4% at 2 weeks after the operation, 16.0% at 1 month, 33.0% at 3 months, 39.4% at 6 months, and 48. 2% at 12 months. However, the cell loss in the keratoconus subgroup averaged -1.9%, 1.2%, 9.9%, 30. 6%, and 33.4% corresponding to the above period. The least cell loss among the diagnostic subgroups was in the keratoconus, followed by corneal leukoma. The cell loss in bullous keratopathy was higher than in keratoconus and corneal leukoma case. It was concluded that the cell loss in penetrating keratoplasty during the first postoperative year depends on the primary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses. 1. Four outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with oyster consumption].

Between December 9, 1988 and January 28, 1989, there were four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Saitama prefecture. Eighty-two of 123 persons (67%) attending four banquets in restaurants became ill: 44 cases attending three banquets were related to eating raw oysters, and 38 attending one banquet to eating sashimi. The most common symptoms were nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Average incubation periods were 29 to 32 hours long. Bacteriologic analysis of stool specimens did not reveal causative agents. Small round structured viruses were detected in fecal specimens from 19 of 39 ill persons (49%) by electron microscopy. In one of four outbreaks, the formation of antibody to small round structured virus in paired serum samples was detected by western blot test. Small round structured viruses were implicated as the etiologic agents in four outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by small round structured virus. 2. An outbreak associated with bakery product consumption].

In December 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with cake consumption occurred in a day-care center with 60 children and 12 staff in Saitama prefecture. Children were served cakes at the Christmas party held in the day-care center and ate them with their families. Thirty-three of the 59 children (56%), 16 of the 74 families (22%) and 1 of the 10 staff (10%) eating the cakes became ill. Illness consisted primarily of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever; the median incubation period was 31 hours. Bacteriological analysis of stool specimens did not reveal a causative agent. Small round structured viruses (SRSV) were detected in fecal specimens from 10 of the 17 ill children (59%) and 2 of the 6 ill families (33%) by electron microscopy. Cakes were purchased from a bakery where an employee who prepared the cake denied symptoms, and SRSV was not detected in the fecal specimen from the employee. Thus, it was not determined that the cake was contaminated by a food handler.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Corneal endothelial cell damage in penetrating keratoplasty.

Fifty-eight corneal grafts were examined by specular microscopy to determine the corneal endothelial cell damage following penetrating keratoplasty. The average postoperative follow-up period was 10.1 months. The cell density decreased continuously during the observation period, and the endothelial cell loss of the central area of the cornea in all the cases averaged 10.4% at two weeks after the surgery, 16.0% at one month, 33.0% at three months, 39.4% at six months, and 48.2% at one year. However, the cell loss in the keratoconus group averaged -1.9, 1.2, 9.9, 30.6 and 33.4% for the corresponding postoperative periods. The cell loss in the bullous keratopathy eyes showed higher values compared to those in the keratoconus and the corneal leukoma eyes. It was concluded that cell loss in penetrating keratoplasty during the first postoperative year depends on the host diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Elemental analysis of hair among hydrofluoric acid exposed workers.

The concentrations of fluorine (F), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and iodine (I) in the hair of 142 hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposed workers and 273 control subjects were analyzed by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Postshift urine and serum specimens were also collected for the determination of fluoride. To determine whether external contamination influences hair analysis, the control hair samples were kept in the work environment for one week. With the exception of lower K and Fe values, the levels of F and other elements in the hair of HF workers were higher than in the control subjects. The concentrations of F in hair and in postshift urine were in good correlation (r = 0.65). In the hair of HF workers F and Ca, F and Mg, F and P, F and Al were well correlated with each other (r greater than 0.6). F concentration in the hair increased after the sample was retained, however, it decreased to the reference value after washing. The levels of Ca, Mg and other elements did not change during the experiment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic characterization of small, round-structured viruses by immune electron microscopy.

Small, round-structured viruses (SRSVs) detected from nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture, Japan, during the period from 1977 to 1988 were tentatively classified into nine antigenic patterns from SRSV-1 (S-1) to SRSV-9 (S-9) by cross-immune electron microscopy (IEM). S-1 and S-2 appeared pattern specific, while S-3 to S-9, distinguishable from each other in their reactivity, appeared somewhat antigenically related. Their antigenic relatedness to the Norwal, Hawaii, and Otofuke agents was also examined by IEM by using antisera to these agents. S-3 appeared most closely related to the Norwalk agent. S-4 and S-5 were related to the Norwalk agent and, presumably, were distantly related to the Hawaii and Otofuke agents. S-6 and S-7 were related to the Hawaii and Otofuke agents. S-8 and S-9 were related to the Otofuke agent and, presumably, were distantly related to the Hawaii agent. The prevalence of each antigenic pattern in 38 outbreaks was examined: S-8 was implicated in 24% of the outbreaks S-5 in 16%, S-4 in 13%, S-9 in 13%, S-6 in 11%, and others in 5%.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1990

New wound-healing model using cultured corneal endothelial cells. 1. Quantitative study of healing process.

A new in vitro model to evaluate the corneal endothelial wound-healing process was developed. Confluent monolayer cell sheets of either rabbit or bovine corneal endothelial cells were cultured on cover slips, the surface of which had been precoated with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) except for the 8 mm-diameter area for cell culture. Wounds were made by scraping off cells in the center of the cell sheets using a rotating silicone tip. The areas of these wounds were measured by a method of computed planimetry. The average wound area was 3.00 +/- 0.21 mm2 in rabbit cell cultures and 3.18 +/- 0.28 mm2 in bovine. The healing process after the wounding was observed using an inverted phase contrast microscope and wound-healing rates (healed area per hour) were calculated. Wounded areas were recovered by 60 hours in rabbit experiments, and by 84 hours in bovine experiments. Wound-healing rates were different among the observation periods and showed differences between the two species. The healing rates in the rabbit were higher than those in the bovine in the early phase. This in vitro model can be used for quantitative evaluation of the wound-healing process of the corneal endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

New wound-healing model using cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. 2. Role of migration and mitosis studied by immunohistochemistry.

The roles of migration and mitosis in the in vitro corneal endothelial wound-healing process were studied using an immunohistochemical method. The in vitro wound-healing model was a cultured cell sheet prepared using bovine corneal endothelium, and the wound was made at the center of the cell sheet using a rotating silicon tip. Following the wounding, specimens were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 12 hours. After the fixation with 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, the cells incorporating BrdU were stained by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex method. In 12 hours after the wounding, no stained cells were observed. In 24 hours, cell migration had started and a few cells were stained; the average number of stained cells was 14.6 +/- 4.0 cells/mm2. In 48 hours, the number of stained cells increased. The maximum number of stained cells was observed between 48 and 60 hours after the wounding. The number of stained cells decreased rapidly after 72 hours when the wound was almost closed. Stained cells were most numerous in the area within 0.8 mm of the wound edge throughout the wound-healing. The endothelial wound-healing process in this model could be divided into four phases, latent, migration, concurrence of migration and mitosis, and inhibition phases. This in vitro wound-healing model could simulate the wound-healing process in vivo and will be useful for a quantitative evaluation of drug effects on the corneal endothelial wound-healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burn.

Changes in serum and tissue and urinary levels of fluoride, calcium and other biochemical consequences were investigated in rats after experimental hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns, to obtain adequate method of emergency treatment for the injury. Increases in ionized fluoride and decreases in total and ionized calcium, in the sera were observed after contact with HF. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were observed over a 24 hour period. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were elevated in the sera taken within 24 hours after burn and fell to reference range once the calcium concentration had been raised. Electrocardiographic changes including severe bradycardia were observed. These results indicate that an HF skin burn results in systemic fluoride poisoning followed by hypocalcemia, hypersecretion of PTH, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and other electrolytes imbalance. Flushing with running water was effective for HF burns. By applying 2.5% calcium gluconate jelly, concentrations of fluoride in the urine and the tissues surrounding the injured region were reduced. Thus, the present results proved that the irrigation with running water and the jelly applications was evaluated as the most effective therapy among various methods tested for the HF burn.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A new wound healing model using tissue cultured corneal endothelium. 1. Quantitative study of healing process].

A new in vitro model for evaluating endothelial wound healing has been developed. Rabbit and bovine corneal endothelial cells were cultured on coverslips in areas 8mm in diameter with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and monolayer sheets were obtained. Wounds were produced by scraping cells in the center of the cell sheets with a rotating silicone tip. The areas of these wounds were measured with computed planimetry. The average wound area was 3.00 +/- 0.21 mm2 in rabbit cell cultures 3.18 +/- 0.28 mm2 in bovine cell cultures. The healing process after making the wound was observed by inverse phase contrast microscope and wound healing rates were calculated. Wounded areas were covered by 60 hours in rabbit cultures, and by 84 hours in bovine cultures respectively. Wound healing rates during 6-12 and 12-24 hours were 92.5 +/- 11.9 microns 2/h, 62.4 +/- 3.4 microns 2/h in rabbits and 10.6 +/- 3.6 microns 2/h, 62.9 +/- 7.8 microns 2/h in bovine material respectively. The healing rates were higher in rabbit cultures than in bovine cultures. This model can be used for quantitative evaluation of the wound healing process of corneal endothelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Kinetic study of cell proliferation in a new wound healing model using tissue cultured corneal endothelial cells].

We studied cell kinetics in the wound healing process using cultured bovine corneal endothelium. We cultured bovine endothelial cells on coverslips coated by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) which had on 8 mm HEMA-free zone in diameter, and produced wounds at the center of the monolayer cell sheets using a rotating silicone tip. At various time periods after injury, we added bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to the medium and incubated for 12 hours. Then, the specimens with fixed 10% phosphate-buffered formalin and were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against BrdU. The cells incorporating BrdU into DNA were stained by the Avidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (ABC) method. At 12 hours, no labeled cells were observed. At 24 hours, 14.6 +/- 4.0 cells were stained. The maximum labeling occurred during 48-60 hours after the wound. Seventy two hours after the wound, labeled cells decreased rapidly. Labeled cells were localized within 0.6mm from the wound edge throughout the wound healing process. It can be thought that the wound healing process comprised four phases, i.e., latent, migration, migration plus mitosis, and contact inhibition phases. The first is the latent phase observed during the first six hours after wound infliction. The cells respond to external expansion. The second phase in the migration phase which is last until 24 hours after wound infliction, and occurs mainly through cellular migration, while proliferation has only a minor contribution in this phase. The third is the migration plus mitosis phase. The cell proliferation shows a rapid increase after 72 hours after wound infliction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗