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Biomedical subjects

M N Fishman

Publications and source records attributed to M N Fishman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Considerations in the management of myeloma.

Multiple myeloma remains an incurable cancer. In recent years, progress in different drug classes has improved outcomes, but management has become more complicated. Areas such as prognostic classification, the increased use of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue, and a wider array of ancillary drugs must be integrated into recommendations for a consolidated treatment plan. Estimating prognosis is dependent on both clinical features and a growing list of laboratory tests. Autologous transplantation has been applied to an increasing proportion of patients, at different points in the disease process. Besides the age cut-off issue, there are still significant treatment choices to be made within the transplant technique. Newer drugs, most recently, thalidomide (Thalomid), may offer benefits independent of conventional cytotoxic drugs or steroids. Use of ancillary drugs, such as bisphosphonates, interferon, P-glycoprotein blockers, antibiotics, and growth factors, are also discussed. For the future, immunotherapy in the posttransplant setting appears promising. Ultimately, basic research must identify intracellular targets for the development of specific new-generation drugs.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of upper-extremity balance tasks and force platform testing in persons with hemiparesis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinically accessible functional balance tools and sophisticated force platform measures in a standing position. SUBJECTS: Twenty persons who had hemiparesis secondary to a stroke and were ambulatory (mean age = 57.9 years, SD = 13.6, range = 35-79) were evaluated during a single testing session. METHODS: Performances on self-generated upper-extremity balance tasks using the nonparetic side (Functional Reach Test [FRT], arm raise and arm reach tasks) were compared with responses to external perturbations on the Balance System (postural sway, symmetry of weight distribution). RESULTS: No relationship was found between the upper-extremity balance tests and the force platform measures of postural sway. After suppressing the effect of age by means of partial correlation coefficients, the FRT was correlated with measures of postural symmetry in parallel stance on the Balance System (r = .66-.78). The FRT was only moderately correlated with the arm raise and arm reach tasks (r = .43 and .44). CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Postural sway in response to force platform perturbations may have little relation to the postural control necessary for self-generated upper-extremity balance tasks. In contrast, the FRT and the force platform measures of postural symmetry appear to be evaluating comparable standing-balance abilities in persons with hemiparesis. The modest relationship between the FRT and the arm raise and arm reach tasks limits the finding's clinical relevance.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Distance distributions from the tyrosyl to disulfide residues in the oxytocin and [Arg8]-vasopressin measured using frequency-domain fluorescence resonance energy transfer.

We have examined the fluorescence intensity decays of oxytocin and [Arg8]-vasopressin resulting from the single tyrosyl residue in each peptide, and the intensity decay of the Asu1,6-analogues in which the disulfide bridge is substituted by a CH2-CH2 bridge. Viscosity-dependent steady state and intensity decay measurements indicated that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from tyrosyl phenol to the disulfide bridge is responsible for the decrease in fluorescence relative to the Asu-analogues. The frequency-domain phase and modulation data for the tyrosyl donor were interpreted in terms of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the weakly absorbing disulfide bridge and a distribution of donor-to-acceptor distances. Energy transfer efficiencies were determined from both time-resolved and steady-state measurements. Fitting the frequency-domain phase and modulation data to a Gaussian distance distribution indicated that the average inter-chromophoric distance (Rav) is similar in both compounds, Rav = 7.94 A for oxytocin and Rav = 8.00 A for vasopressin. However, the width of the distance distribution is narrower for vasopression (hw = 2.80 A) than for oxytocin (hw = 3.58 A), which is consistent with restriction of the tyrosine phenol motion due to its stacking wih the Phe3 side chain of vasopressin. Finally, the recovered distance distribution functions are compared with histograms describing the distance between the chromophores during the course of long, in vacuo, molecular dynamics runs using the computer program CHARMm and the QUANTA 3.0 parameters.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[EEG-Expert automated diagnostic system].

The system is designed to describe and collect data of virtual analysis of electroencephalograms (EEG), as well as to make an expert conclusion on the functional status of the brain and its particular regions. The system includes three parallelly operating systems in the form of a EEC visual analysis schedule as a questionnaire. A programme provides recommendations for describing the level, pattern, and magnitude of the changes detected. Another programme automatically makes an EEC description and a conclusion on cerebral function in conformity with the signs given in the questionnaire and displays them on the screen and sends them to the print. The system may be used for practice in the in- and outpatient settings, for training and postgraduate training of young specialists, and for researches.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrophysiologic analysis of the process of recognizing target and non-target stimuli in healthy and oligophrenic children].

In an automatized experiment, with a computer on line, amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (EPs) to purposive and non-purposive stimuli (digits), were analyzed in normal and mental retarded children. At unilateral stimuli presentation to the left or right visual half-fields EPs were recorded simultaneously in projection, TPO, parietal and central areas of the left and right hemispheres. It has been shown that in normal children, differential involvement of projection and associative structures in the analysis of sensory information takes place in both hemispheres. The amplitudes of most EP components in the range of 100-400 ms to the purposive stimuli are higher than to the non-purposive ones. Considerable similarity of EPs developing in response to ipsi- and contralateral stimulations of visual fields ("direct" and "transmitted" EP) is observed. In mental retarded children significant changes are revealed in intra- and interhemisphere organization of the process of perception of purposive and non-purposive stimuli. In the right hemisphere structures there are no differential EP reactions to the two types of stimuli. Significant, in comparison with the norm, prolongation of the latencies of most EP components is noted, especially in the structures of the left hemisphere, to the purposive stimuli. In the process of perception, changes are seen of the integration of functions of both hemispheres. The totality of disturbances of systemic brain organization at perceptive activity in mental retarded children may reflect neurophysiological mechanisms of mental deficiency.

Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrophysiological analysis of the perceptive activities of children with normal and retarded mental development].

Visual EPs of the occipital, parieto-temporal-occipital, parietal and central areas of the left and right hemispheres in response to unilaterally presented stimuli (figures) were analyzed in normal and developmentally backward children. In tasks of detection and recognition of the signal, developmentally backward children manifested a lowered reactivity of associative cerebral structures, especially of the left hemisphere, during perceptive activity, and a changed, in comparison with normal, interhemispheric interaction in processing of sensory information. It is suggested that properties of brain system organization during perceptive activity reflect to a certain extent neurophysiological mechanisms of disturbance of cognitive processes in developmentally backward children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural organization of medical information as illustrated by diagnosis in child neurology].

Structuration of medical information is performed on three levels: structuration of the specialist's knowledge with resultant singling out key questions--blocks required for diagnosis in the given field; structuration of signs within the space of the blocks; identification of diagnostic syndromes basing on their signs analysis adjusted to resolving diagnostic tasks. The results of the method application in neuropathology are outlined.

Adolescent↗