Biomedical subjects

M Nadaud

Publications and source records attributed to M Nadaud.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Early failures in total knee arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty is a predictable operation. Unfortunately, there is a subset of patients who do not do well and require revision surgery within the first 5 years. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the mechanisms of failure in patients who had revision surgery within 5 years of their index arthroplasty. Between 1986 and 1999, 440 patients with total knee arthroplasties were referred for revision surgery. An analysis of patients in whom the arthroplasties failed within 5 years of the index arthroplasty and the reasons for early failure were documented. Of the 440 patients who had revision surgery, 279 (63%) had revision surgery within 5 years of their index arthroplasty: 105 of the 279 patients with early failures (38%) had revision surgery because of infection; 74 (27%) had revision surgery because of instability; 37 (13%) had revision surgery because of failure of ingrowth of a porous-coated implant; 22 (8%) had revision surgery because of patellofemoral problems; and 21 (7%) had revision surgery because of wear or osteolysis. Only eight of the 279 patients with early failures (3%) had revision surgery because of aseptic loosening of a cemented implant. The remaining 12 patients had revision surgery because of miscellaneous problems. Host factors may prevent infection from ever being eradicated totally. The two other major patterns of failure in this series were failure of cementless fixation and instability. If all of the arthroplasties in the patients in this early failure group would have been cemented routinely and balanced carefully, the total number of early revisions would have decreased by approximately 40%, and the overall failures would have been reduced by 25%.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗

PubMed1997

Sacroiliac joint injection: a cadaveric study.

Eleven bony pelves were studied in an attempt to find an ideal approach for needle placement into the sacroiliac joint and to describe the unique anatomy of the sacroiliac joint relative to sacroiliac joint injection. A posterior approach starting 2 cm to 3 cm inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine, angled 20 degrees to 30 degrees laterally, relative to the sagittal plane, and 10 degrees to 20 degrees inferiorly, relative to the transverse plane, was found to be the best approach to the intra-articular portion of the sacroiliac joint.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

A new scheme for additional typing of P. aeruginosa using antisera prepared against glycopolypeptide derived from the slime of the microorganisms.

The author used the slide agglutination with antisera prepared against glycopolypeptides (GP) derived from the slime of the P. aeruginosa mucoid strains to classify one hundred and nine P. aeruginosa strains in three homogeneous groups. Seventy three per cent were agglutinated by only one of the two initial GP a or b, seventeen percent by both of them and ten per cent remained unagglutinated by these sera. The classification that was described here was demonstrated to be independent from the previously described ones related to protective properties and specific of bactericidal activity of macrophages.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1983

Effects of a glycopolypeptide from the slime of P. aeruginosa on phagocytosis by mouse macrophages.

The isolation and characterization of a glycopolypeptide (GP) from the slime of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which has a marked effect on phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa cells by mouse macrophages is described. The GP was found to be a polysaccharide coupled with a polypeptide consisting of monomers with a molecular weight of 25,000. Immunization of mice with sublethal doses of the GP protected the animals against infection with the P. aeruginosa strain used for preparing the GP. Intraperitoneal administration of purified GP induced an increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages that was maximal after 13 days and specific for the strain of P. aeruginosa from which the GP was produced. The role of circulating antibody in enhancing phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[A micromethod for studying the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics].

The method described here allows to classify anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens in four categories of sensitivity or resistance to 8 antibiotics. Previous experiments using eight reference strains led to choose the pre-reduced Schaedler broth supplemented with hemin, vitamin K1, and 0.07 p. cent agar. For each group of three concentrations of antibiotics, a check sample could confirm the growth of the bacteria without antibiotic. Very few minor discrepancies were observed when the results of the classification in categories were compared to the MIC in Wilkins-Chalgren solid medium as reference method. These discrepancies were related to the inoculum and specially for fast-growing species as Bacteroides fragilis or Clostridium. The use of an inoculum standardized to 0.5 MF for slow-growing species and 0.5 MF diluted hundred fold for fast-growing one confirmed the good correlation between the two methods in a short delay.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1978

Activity of sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim against Bacteroides fragilis.

The author tested parallely 35 Bacteroides fragilis strains by the agar diffusion method and disk technique. A notable discrepancy appears between these two procedures. No regression line can be constructe and the inhibition diameter measurement is unable to class the strain in "susceptible" or "resistant". A literature review on this theme shows that the dissociation between these two techniques were more frequent with anaerobic strains than aerobic for SMX + TMP as others antibiotics. The MIC determination by an agar dilution is the only able to these studies.

Bacteroides Infections↗

PubMed1977

Media supplemented with nalidixic acid for the isolation of gram negative anaerobic bacteria.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of nalidixic acid were determined for thirty-four strains of Clostridium sp. by an agar dilution technique. The MIC range of Clostridium perfringens ran from 0.03 microgram/ml to 64 microgram/ml, according to a bimodal distribution. One half of the strains was inhibited by 0.25 microgram/ml. 64 microgram/ml was able to inhibit all the strains tested. The author suggests a systematic utilization of media with and without 40 microgram/ml nalidixic acid. These two media were parallely inoculated with clinical specimens where anaerobic bacteria were suspected, and allowed the isolation of gram negative anaerobes.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1977

Parallel study of two techniques for identification of gram negative anaerobic bacilli.

The authors have used two different methods for the identification of 45 strains of stric anaerobic gram negative rods: a study of biochemical characters by the API 20 anaerobic kit, and system proposed by SUTTER and FINEGOLD (susceptibility to discs loaded with antibiotics associated with some simple biochemical characters). A good correlation has been observed between those two techniques. However, a precise diagnostic can be given only by a whole study of biochemical characters, as proposed by the system API 20 Anaerobic.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed1976

[Bacteroides fragilis. Its isolation and antibiotic sensitivity].

The authors chose the problem of the isolation of bacteroides fragilis in pathological samples to present a method of identification of strict anaerobic gram negative bacteria, suitable for use in a routine bacteriological laboratory. A selection of 20 strains led them to study the mean inhibitory concentration of these germs with regard to antibiotics. From this study, two groups were obtained: one of low activity, the other of greater activity in vitro, in which one may note certain tetracyclines, clindamycin and metronidazole.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗