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Biomedical subjects

M Nadjmi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nadjmi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A study of cranial computer tomograms in very early and early onset schizophrenia.

The cranial computer-assisted tomograms of 19 patients suffering from schizophrenic psychoses with onset by age of 14 were examined. The emphasis was on the extent of the inner liquor spaces. Compared to healthy controls, at the beginning of illness a significant enlargement was revealed only in the patient group with very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS, onset prior to the age of 12), whereas children with early onset (EOS, 12 to 14 years of age) showed no significant brain pathology. As a second result, an increase in the extent of the inner liquor spaces seems to correlate with the duration of illness. It is therefore concluded that psychoses interfere with neurodevelopmental processes and cause more severe brain pathology in very young children, already detectable at the onset of the illness. EOS, on the other hand, induces progressive morphological abnormalities over the course of the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Modern neuroradiologic diagnosis and interventional strategies for the ENT physician].

The value of imaging and interventional neuroradiological methods in ENT is surveyed. The role of CT and MRI is discussed in the diagnosis of various diseases. CT remains the method of choice in inflammatory paranasal sinus disease and in craniofacial trauma, whereas MRI has become the preferred imaging technique in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. CT and MRI are complementary in the assessment of skull base tumors. Preoperative embolization facilitates surgery of highly vascular tumors. Endovascular procedures play a prominent role in the control of hemorrhages of the head and neck region and are the method of choice in the treatment of arteriovenous fistulas.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1992

Spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease. Evaluation by MR, myelography and CT myelography.

Out of 16 patients, spinal leptomeningeal neoplastic disease was diagnosed by MRI in 4 patients, myelography in 14 patients and CT myelography in 12 cases. MR was superior to myelography in 2 patients, in another 2 patients MRI was equally diagnostic. The cerebrospinal fluid of every patient contained malignant cells. Histological evidence for primary central nervous system tumors was found in 5 cases. In 10 cases, non-neuraxial malignancy consisted of small cell carcinoma of the lung (7 cases), and leukemia and lymphoma (3 patients). In 1 patient, primary leptomeningeal malignant melanoma was confirmed at autopsy. Preferential thoracolumbar neoplastic morphologic manifestation correlated with the presence of conus and cauda equina syndrome in 9 patients, low back pain, paresthesia and spinal root signs in 7 patients. False-negative interpretation of myelography in 2 patients with positive MR findings, and the impressive sensitivity of gadolinium Dota to improve visualization of subarachnoid spread, favor MRI as an alternative imaging technique in the assessment of patients with suspected intradural extramedullary malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Do arachnoid cysts grow? A retrospective CT volumetric study.

The volumes of intracranial arachnoid cysts were measured in 136 CT scans of 86 patients. Absolute and relative cyst size was calculated. Left hemisphere and middle cranial fossa location prevailed. A slight negative correlation of relative cyst size with age (r = -0.21, NS) disappeared when analysis was restricted to the adult age group (greater than or equal to 20 years). After the sample was divided into two groups according to relative cyst size (cysts less than mean volume vs cysts greater than mean volume), small AC showed no correlation with age, while large AC correlated positively with age (r = 0.79, P less than 0.05). A subgroup of large AC appears to expand with time, while the majority of small AC remain unchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Eleven times recurrences of a parasagittal falxmeningioma. Case report.

Although meningiomas are of benign character and generally of encapsulated growth, recurrence is a known problem in treatment. The authors present the time course of a recurrent parasagittal meningioma of the falx, which recurred eleven times. Despite modern radiological diagnostic methods, which made early diagnosis of recurrent tumour possible, and the use of modern microsurgical techniques with radical tumour extirpation and followed by radiotherapy, the fatal course of benign tumour disease could not be stopped.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Malignant melanoma of the meninges--MR and CT diagnosis].

Malignant melanoma of the meninges is a rare neoplasm derived from melanocytes of the cranial or spinal meninges. Histologically classified as grade IV tumours, malignant melanoma may present either as a diffuse meningeal neoplasm, first described by Virchow in 1859, or as a circumscribed tumour attached to the meninges. Although diagnosis is rarely established prior to surgery or autopsy, MR and CT may provide indispensable information probably leading to earlier diagnosis. In 4 patients, diagnosis of a primary meningeal melanoma was based on MR and CT findings and histology. Histology was obtained in 3 cases by surgery, in one patient by autopsy and showed a melanotic and an amelanotic malignant melanoma in 2 patients each. Autopsy was carried out in 3 cases after survival of 4, 5, and 18 months; in a single case, the follow-up period is almost 3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of treatment in multiple sclerosis.

Magnetic resonance scans of 74 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a controlled trial were compared 6 months before and at the end of a 24-32 months-treatment period with either Cyclosporin A (n = 31) or Azathioprine (n = 43). Both qualitative rating and computation of lesion volume showed deterioration in more than 40% of the patients, while by clinical criteria only 10-30% were worse. No significant difference was noted when the two treatment groups were compared. If careful repositioning and standardized image parameters are used, MRI is an indispensable tool for the objective determination of disease progression in MS although it cannot replace clinical examination.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1987

[Tinnitus and its radiological diagnosis and therapy].

Tinnitus is a familiar symptom in diseases of the central nervous system. Its aetiology being of a varied nature, the type of tinnitus is a pointer to the pathoanatomic findings that are responsible for the disease. The causes of tinnitus are often found in the borderline areas between various neighbouring disciplines, such as otology, neurology and neurosurgery, whereas the final identification of the real causes is mainly within the scope of radiological diagnosis, in which computed tomography and superselective angiography play an essential role. In addition to arteriovenous fistulas near the petrous bone and glomus tumours, which are well known, there are a few other aetiologies of pulse-synchronous tinnitus that are being discussed in this paper. In recent years there has been substantial therapeutical progress owing to the introduction of new techniques and the development of improved materials for embolisation in interventional neuroradiology. Their application is discussed in connection with various patient groups.

Cerebral Veins↗
PubMed1987

[Pulse synchronous vascular tinnitus: radiologic diagnosis and therapy].

Tinnitus synchronous with the pulse is usually caused by vascular anomalies. In our own patient group we found the most frequent cause to be highly vascularised tumours related to the pretrous bone, the most common being glomus tumours. Pulsatile tinnitus however also is a main symptom of dural arterio-venous malformations with shunts into the transverse and sigmoid sinus. Finally pulsatile tinnitus may be caused by venous deformities, possibly combined with anomalies of the bulb of the jugular vein. While clinical methods give valuable clues to the type of pathological findings, subtle radiological investigations are necessary for the final diagnosis, such as high resolution computer tomography and super-selective angiography. There has been substantial progress in recent years due to technical developments leading to improved diagnosis and treatment by interventional radiology.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Central traumatic cerebral hemorrhage in the computed tomogram].

Traumatically caused central brain haemorrhages are relatively rare. From 1976 through 1984 3598 patients were submitted to computed tomography examination in our department after craniocerebral trauma. Central lesions could only be found in about 3% of the injured. They generally occurred in combination with other severe damage of the skull and skull contents. Most frequently, such central haemorrhages could be found in the basal ganglia occasionally extending into the adjacent medullary layer resulting in large intracerebral haematoma. The right hemisphere was affected significantly more frequently and more severely by such large-size haemorrhages than the left hemisphere. The thalamus region ranking second in localisation of central traumatic haemorrhages was virtually never found to be the origin of large haematomas. In general, no definite distinction could be made between primary and secondary traumatic haemorrhages. We identified, however, a few cases of purely central bleeding without accompanying brain lesions. These haematomas, which were most probably caused primarily by trauma, as well as those with associated damage, preferred the regions of basal ganglia and thalamus. The prognosis of central brain haemorrhages was relatively poor with a 42% lethality rate. However, it depended on the severity of the accompanying brain lesions. Thus, isolated central haemorrhages even had a markedly favourable prognosis. The number of survivors of central bleeding turned out to be approximately the same as the number of deaths, the ratio thus being 1:1. Nevertheless, we think that especially small lesions occur more frequently and have a better survival rate than had been supposed up to now.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1982

[Reliability of CT diagnosis in cerebral sinus thrombosis].

There is no reliable CT diagnosis in all cases of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. The hyperdense sinus structures may indicate an acute thrombotic occlusion, but we know other reasons of this finding. Only the so-called empty triangle sing is pathognomonic, while the unilateral or bilateral hemorrhages, circumscript or diffuse edema with small ventricles and the tentorial hypervascularity are not specific of sinovenous occlusion. We present our findings in 15 cases of sinovenous thrombosis and conclude, that the combination of clinical course and CT-finding with specific or some non-specific signs will give the correct diagnosis of sinus thrombosis with or without angiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Flashing tomosynthesis--a new tomographic method.

A new tomographic method called tomosynthesis and its first clinical results are presented. The method is based on classical tomography. All information necessary for the tomography of an object is obtained in one procedure without moving the X-ray tube, the film, or the object. Thus the investigation requires only a few seconds.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Cerebral arterial air embolism due to an esophago-atrial fistula seen on CT.

A case of cerebral air embolism from a rather unusual cause is reported; an esophago-cardiac fistula permitted food particles and air to enter the systemic arterial circulation. Massive embolization caused the patient to become deeply comatose rather suddenly. The computed tomogram (CT) revealed massive cerebral edema with the contradictory finding of wide superficial subarachnoid spaces. These subarachnoid spaces on further evaluation proved to be air in the cerebral vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Angiotomography for aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck.

Angiotomographic studies were performed preoperatively on 201 arterial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the head and neck. There were two extracranial aneurysms, 186 intracranial aneurysms and 13 intracranial AVMs. The equipment used was the Philips NeuroDiagnost, either armed with a single multisection cassett for single-phase angiotomography or a triple cassette system on a motor-driven prism for serial amgiotomography. Angiotomography was limited to lesions where its use promised to add significantly to the information already obtained from conventional angiograms. Angiotomography was found to be of particular value for the differentiation of small aneurysms from normal vascular structures, for the study of morphology and topography of more or less spherical aneurysms in close proximity to a number of neighboring arteries, for the study of giant aneurysms, for the demonstration of very small AVMs (microangiomas) and for the evaluation of feeding and draining vessels of midline AVMs.

Basilar Artery↗