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Biomedical subjects

M Nemeth

Publications and source records attributed to M Nemeth.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Results of a 90-day safety assurance study with rats fed grain from corn rootworm-protected corn.

The results of a 90-day rat feeding study with YieldGard (YieldGard Rootworm Corn is a registered trademark of Monsanto Technology, LLC.) Rootworm corn (MON 863) grain that is protected against feeding damage caused by corn rootworm larvae are presented. Corn rootworm-protection was accomplished through the introduction of a cry3Bb1 coding sequence into the corn genome for in planta production of a modified Cry3Bb1 protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. Grain from MON 863 and its near isogenic control were separately formulated into rodent diets at levels of 11% and 33% (w/w) by Purina Mills, Inc. Additionally, six groups of rats were fed diets containing grain from different conventional (non-biotechnology-derived) reference varieties. The responses of rats fed diets containing MON 863 were compared to those of rats fed grain from conventional corn varieties. All diets were nutritionally balanced and conformed to Purina Mills, Inc. specifications for Certified LabDiet 5002. There were a total of 400 rats in the study divided into 10 groups of 20 rats/sex/group. Overall health, body weight gain, food consumption, clinical pathology parameters (hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis), organ weights, gross and microscopic appearance of tissues were comparable between groups fed diets containing MON 863 and conventional corn varieties. This study complements extensive agronomic, compositional and farm animal feeding studies with MON 863 grain, confirming that it is as safe and nutritious as existing conventional corn varieties.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and European corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn--revisited.

A 42-d feeding experiment with growing Ross x Ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. MON 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the Roundup family of agricultural herbicides. MON 88017 x MON 810 was developed by the traditional breeding of MON 88017 with MON 810, which provides protection from the European corn borer and other lepidopteran pests. A randomized complete block design was used with 8 dietary treatments in each of 5 replicated blocks of pens. No differences among diets were observed (P > 0.05) in performance (final live weights, feed intake, feed conversion, and adjusted feed conversion), carcass yield (chill, fat pad, breast, thigh, wing, and drum weight), or percentage of moisture, protein, and fat in breast meat and moisture and fat in thigh meat. Thigh protein was similar (P > 0.05) in broilers fed diets containing MON 88017 x MON 810 and conventional control or all commercial reference corns; however, differences (P < 0.05) were noted for the percentage of thigh protein among broilers fed the control and 2 of the 5 reference diets, attributable to biological variability among the conventional corn hybrids. Broilers overall performed consistently and had similar carcass yield and meat composition when fed diets containing MON 88017 or MON 88017 x MON 810 as compared with those fed the conventional control and commercial diets, supporting a conclusion of nutritional equivalence.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and European corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn.

A 42-d feeding experiment with growing Ross x Ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. MON 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the Roundup family of agricultural herbicides. MON 88017 x MON 810 was developed by the traditional breeding of MON 88017 with MON 810, which provides protection from the European corn borer and other lepidopteran pests. A randomized complete block design was used with 8 dietary treatments in each of 5 replicated blocks of pens. No differences among diets were observed (P > 0.05) in performance (final live weights, feed intake, feed conversion, and adjusted feed conversion), carcass yield (chill, fat pad, breast, thigh, wing, and drum weight), or percentage of moisture, protein, and fat in breast meat and moisture and fat in thigh meat. Thigh protein was similar (P > 0.05) in broilers fed diets containing MON 88017 x MON 810 and conventional control or all commercial reference corns; however, differences (P < 0.05) were noted for the percentage of thigh protein among broilers fed the control and 2 of the 5 reference diets, attributable to biological variability among the conventional corn hybrids. Broilers overall performed consistently and had similar carcass yield and meat composition when fed diets containing MON 88017 or MON 88017 x MON 810 as compared with those fed the conventional control and commercial diets, supporting a conclusion of nutritional equivalence.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Results of a 13 week safety assurance study with rats fed grain from glyphosate tolerant corn.

The current study presents the results of a 13 week feeding study in rats with grain from Roundup Ready corn which is tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate. Herbicide tolerance was accomplished through the introduction of cp4 epsps coding sequences into the corn genome for in planta production of CP4 EPSPS enzymes. Unlike related corn EPSPS enzymes, CP4 EPSPS enzymes are not inhibited by the herbicide glyphosate. Purina TestDiets formulated Roundup Ready corn grain into rodent diets at levels of 11 and 33% (w/w). The responses of rats fed diets containing Roundup Ready corn grain were compared to that of rats fed diets containing non-transgenic grain (controls). All diets were nutritionally balanced and conformed to Purina Mills, Inc. specifications for Certified LabDiet 5002. There were 400 rats in the study divided into 10 groups of 20 rats/sex/group. Overall health, body weight, food consumption, clinical pathology parameters (hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis), organ weights, gross and microscopic appearance of tissues were comparable between groups fed diets containing Roundup Ready and control corn grain. This study complements extensive agronomic, compositional and farm animal feeding studies with Roundup Ready corn grain, confirming it is as safe and nutritious as existing commercial corn hybrids.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Double immunochemical screening test (hemoglobin and albumin) for the detection of occult intestinal bleeding.

The authors have developed a combined electrophoretic-immunoprecipitation technique suitable for the simultaneous demonstration of two blood proteins, i.e., hemoglobin and albumin, in the feces. The analytical sensitivity of the method is 2 micrograms hemoglobin and albumin/ml. The technique is simple, inexpensive, and suitable for the reliable demonstration of occult intestinal bleeding for either inpatients or mass screening. This technique is an aid not only to the fact that bleeding can be detected, but to its intensity, as well. This new technique improves the diagnostic accuracy of early detection of carcinomas and polyps, presumably without raising significantly the number of "false-positive" reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fast mapping word-learning abilities of language-delayed preschoolers.

The fast mapping skills of language-delayed 5-year-old children were investigated. Children viewed a video presentation in which four kinds of unfamiliar words (object, action, attribute, and affective state) were incorporated into a narrative script. The pre- and postviewing comprehension of the targeted words was measured. The language-delayed children were compared to two groups, one matched for chronological age (CA) and the other matched for mean length of utterance (MLU). Children were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. All three groups indicated fast mapping of unfamiliar words, although the language-delayed children scored lower than the MLU-matched group, who in turn scored lower than the CA-matched group. The experimental effects were most pronounced for object and attribute words. The limited fast mapping of the language-delayed group was not accounted for by a restricted general vocabulary nor by a general delay in grammatical development.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of the human fetal cardiac size and function.

Two-dimensional-directed M-mode echocardiography was done on 80 normal fetuses between the 17th to 42nd weeks of gestation. The M-mode beam transected the ventricles at the level of the chordae tendineae at the tip of atrioventricular valves. Right and left ventricular dimensions and free wall thicknesses correlated well with gestational age. Calculated measurements showed a good correlation of the stroke volume and cardiac output with gestational age. The right ventricular dimension, however, was significantly greater than the left ventricular one. Fractional shortening of the right and left ventricle did not change significantly with advancing gestational age. This study indicates that the human fetal right ventricle dimension, stroke volume, and cardiac output are slightly larger than that of the left ventricle. This study also suggests that the human fetus increases its cardiac output to match its growth and it does so by increasing ventricular size rather than fractional shortening or heart rate.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1988

Plasma factors influencing prostacyclin-like activity in patients with diabetic microangiopathy.

Plasma factors influencing PGI2-like activity in 19 patients with diabetes mellitus /Dm/ and 17 controls were studied through a comparison with the signs of retinal and glomerular angiopathy. The plasma PGI2 supporting activity /PSA/ was lower in 15 Dm cases than in the controls. Inhibitory activity against PGI2 production was detected in 6 patients. In the cases of more serious retinopathy associated with glomerulopathy, a significantly lower level of PSA was observed than in patients with mild retinopathy without glomerular diseases. The plasma concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher, while the level of HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the controls. There was a positive correlation between PSA and HDL-cholesterol values and a negative correlation between PSA and LDL-cholesterol levels, which relates to an inhibitory effect of LDL and a protective role of HDL in PGI2 synthesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Accuracy of echocardiography measurements in the fetal lamb.

Echocardiography is becoming an important noninvasive method to evaluate the heart of the human fetus. Validation of this technique, however, is lacking. To establish the correlation of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography with direct invasive methods, the size and volume of the heart of 10 fetal lambs were determined. Both M-mode echocardiography as well as the two-dimensional method were found to correlate well with direct measurements. As determined by all three modalities, the right ventricular cavity was found to be larger than the left ventricular cavity. Intraventricular septum thickness was best measured by the two-dimensional technique, whereas posterior wall dimensions were difficult to assess by this technique. This is the first study that attempts to validate echocardiography as it pertains to the fetus. It shows that a good correlation between invasive and noninvasive methodology can be obtained. Encouraging findings may lead other investigators to use such techniques in the human fetus to quantify ventricular size and output under normal and abnormal conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Estradiol and hemodynamics during ovulation induction.

Left ventricular size and stroke volume increase in human pregnancy and during estrogen administration in laboratory animals. In order to determine if elevated levels of endogenous estrogens in humans produce hemodynamic changes similar to those that occur during pregnancy, 14 patients were studied during ovulation induction at day 8 +/- 2 (SD) (proliferative phase) and at day 14 +/- 4 (midcycle) of their cycles. M-mode echocardiography was carried out with the patient in the left lateral decubitus, head down and head up positions. The mean serum estradiol level was 294 +/- 234 (SD) pg ml-1 at day 8 +/- 2 (treatment day) and it increased to 1503 +/- 531 pg ml-1 at day 14 +/- 4 (cycle day) of the same cycle. This change in serum estradiol was significant (P less than 0.001), associated with an increase in left ventricle diastolic dimension of 2.3 +/- 1.1 mm (P less than 0.001). During the same time period stroke volume and cardiac index correspondingly increased. Heart rate, fractional shortening, and blood pressure did not change and systemic vascular resistance decreased. Many of the cardiovascular adaptations of pregnancy are duplicated by high levels of endogenous estrogens and these changes are evident in as few as 6 days. Thus, we conclude that changes in endogenous estrogen correlate with certain cardiovascular parameters, the most striking of which is the left ventricular size. This may be one of the adaptive mechanisms by which the maternal circulation adapts to pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Some metabolic and biochemical alterations during the development of stress ulcers in rats forced to swim.

Swimming of the rats in the water below body temperature (23 degrees C) for a period of 5 hours resulted in a number of acute haemorrhagic lesions, principally erosions, in the glandular part of the stomach. The objective of this study was to establish the possible roles of some hormonal, biochemical and metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of stress ulcer produced in rats forced to swim. It was found that (i) prior ligation of the pylorus caused a considerable decrease of both the incidence and the severity of the ulcers resulting from the swim-stress, (ii) a significant decrease of the gastric secretion and rectal temperature resulted during the swim-stress condition, (iii) metabolic acidosis developed during the forced swimming period, (iv) considerable increases of the plasma corticosterone and blood glucose concentration also developed, (v) the gastric mucosal level of cAMP also increased, and (vi) a prior period of starvation increased the incidence and severity of the acute ulcers resulting from the swim-stress. It was concluded that various humoral, biochemical and metabolic factors play important roles in the development of stress ulceration in rats forced to swim.

Animals↗