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Biomedical subjects

M Neuman

Publications and source records attributed to M Neuman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of prenatal administration of dexamethasone and ritodrine on cord blood cortisol and glucose concentrations in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

The influence of maternal dexamethasone and ritodrine administration during pregnancy on cord blood cortisol and capillary serum glucose concentrations and on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was studied in 30 premature infants (gestational age 27-36 weeks), and compared with a matched control group of 37 premature infants where no such medications were administered. RDS occurred less often in the treated group of infants (13.3%) than in the controls (35.1%, p < 0.01). The healthy treated infants had a significantly lower mean umbilical cord plasma cortisol concentration (5.5 +/- 1.8 ug/dl, mean +/- SD) than that observed in the controls (11.2 +/- 3.9 ug/dl, p < 0.01). Mean cord plasma cortisol concentrations increased with duration of pregnancy. No significant difference in the capillary serum glucose at 30 minutes post-delivery was found between the healthy, RDS, treated and non-treated infants. No adverse effects of steroid and ritodrine therapy were observed.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

Fetal hydrocephalus associated with maternal neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis (NF), an autosomal dominant inherited disorder affecting multiple organ systems, is rare among pregnant women. NF in pregnancy has been reported to be complicated by maternal hypertension, fetal intrauterine growth retardation and fetal wastage. A case of pregnancy associated with neurofibromatosis, complicated by pregnancy aggravated chronic hypertension, asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation and fetal hydrocephalus is described. Possible interrelations between those pathologies are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Onset of spontaneous labor and changes in E2 and progesterone levels--possible interrelation.

Unlike the findings in animal studies, in which a decline in progesterone levels is clearly associated with the onset of labor, investigation of progesterone levels among human parturients has resulted in controversy. This study was designed to address the issue and evaluate labor-onset related changes of estradiol-progesterone (E2-P) concentration in fetal scalp serum, umbilical vein serum and in the peripheral maternal serum. Seven women in spontaneous labor, were compared to 7 women in whom labor was induced. Our results reveal a significant decrease in the maternal serum P concentration when spontaneous labor is taking place (120.6 +/- 24.5 mg/ml verus 177.3 +/- 61.4 mg/ml, p < 0.05). Significant change in the ratio of the fetal scalp to the maternal serum E2/P ratio in women at spontaneous labor versus induced labor is also shown. We could not demonstrate any changes in the E2 levels in relation to labor. We conclude that the onset of labor in human pregnancy is most probably preceded by local changes in the levels of P and ratio of P to E2. These changes may play an important regulatory role in onset of labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The antimicrobial activity of non-antibiotics: interactions with antibiotics.

The following are considered: the direct antibacterial activity of non-antibiotics: resistance-reversing agents and resistance-inducing agents; the antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of non-antibiotics: psychotropics, antihistaminics, antineoplastics, allopurinol, hyperbaric oxygen, etc.; as well as the antibacterial activity of agents modifying the urinary pH; the influence of non-antibiotic drugs on the pharmacokinetic parameters of antibiotics; the anti infectious activity of non-antibiotics through their effects on host defences, immunity and inflammation, and finally the use of non-antibiotics to decrease the toxicity of anti-infectious agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Obstetric outcome in women with congenital uterine malformations.

Ninety-eight cases of congenital uterine malformations were diagnosed with hysterosalpingography (HSG). Symmetric uterine malformations, composed of bicornuate uterus, uterus didelphys and septate uterus, constituted 80% of the cases. Of them, 75% were of the bicornuate type. Infertility (55%) and a suggestion of cervical incompetence (24%) were the main indication for HSG. Premature deliveries (29%), spontaneous first-trimester abortions (24%), ectopic pregnancies (3%), abnormal fetal presentations (23%) and a high cesarean section rate (27.5%) occurred in those patients. The highest rate of first-trimester abortions (47%) and the lowest rate of term deliveries (21%) occurred in the group with T-shaped uteri as compared to a 7% rate of early abortions (P less than .05) and 61% rate of term deliveries (P less than .03) in the unicornuate uterus group. In 30% of the patients with uterine malformations, cervical incompetence was diagnosed. Improved obstetric outcomes occurred in patients treated with cervical cerclage. There was a statistically significant difference between the number of premature deliveries and spontaneous late abortions in the group without cerclage (50%) and that with cerclage (21%) (P less than .001).

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

Fertility before and after surgery for primary ovarian pregnancy.

Primary ovarian pregnancy usually occurs in parous fertile women. It is an accidental event probably related to the presence of the IUD affecting implantation rather than an indicator of altered fertility. Reproductive performance postoperatively remains unmodified.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1991

The absence and effect of induced menopause by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs on lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic parameters.

The clinical and urodynamic relationship between the onset of menopause and the appearance of lower urinary tract symptoms has been studied in 12 premenopausal urinary symptom-free patients in whom hypoestrogenism was induced by treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs. No urodynamic changes in the cystometric, uroflowmetry, and urethral pressure profile measurements were found after 6 months of treatment. Clinically, only one patient had diurnal frequency after treatment. We conclude that estrogen deficiency in the absence of aging and other factors leading to urinary symptoms is probably of minimal significance as a cause of lower urinary tract disability in the immediate menopausal period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of prostaglandins and aspirin--an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis--on adhesion formation in rats.

The effect of intraperitoneal application of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and of aspirin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions was investigated in rats, in view of the main role of the body's reaction in adhesion formation. Intraperitoneal adhesions were induced by inflicting uniform trauma to the uterine serosa. It was demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 may increase adhesion formation and that intraperitoneal aspirin is able to inhibit its formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

B-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (B-NAH) serum levels after endotoxin administration into the portal vein in the rat.

Endotoxin was injected directly into the portal vein in rats with and without common bile duct (CBD) ligation. B-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (B-NAH) activity levels in the serum were found to be significantly elevated 24 h later in both groups. Serum bile acid levels were found to be significantly higher in the endotoxin-injected groups of rats compared to controls. Thus, endotoxin, as well as bile acids, may cause damage to Kupffer cell membranes, resulting in accumulation of B-NAH in rat serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Iatrogenic injuries to the ureter during gynecologic and obstetric operations.

Iatrogenic injuries to the ureter are hazardous complications of pelvic and vaginal operations, causing severe morbidity and even mortality. Eighteen such instances that occurred during the last 30 years are analyzed. Most of the injuries were associated with attempts to achieve hemostasis without proper identification of the ureter. The incidence of ureteral injuries declined during the years concomitantly with the improvement of surgical techniques. The proper identification and, when necessary, isolation of the ureter during operations in which there is a risk is crucial in reducing the incidence of ureteral injuries. Those diagnosed at the time of injury and treated with end to end anastomosis had the best results. Delayed diagnosis and treatment were associated with poor end results. The English literature is reviewed.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1990

The effect of large uterine fibroids on urinary bladder function and symptoms.

Fourteen patients with large uterine fibroids and urinary symptoms were treated with monthly injections of [D-Trp6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone microcapsules. The average uterine size before treatment was 728 ml; it dropped to 323 ml (a drop of 55%) after treatment. Urinary symptoms of diurnal frequency disappeared in 11 of 12 patients (p less than 0.005) after the reduction of uterine size. Urgency decreased in 11 of 13 (p less than 0.005) and nocturia in eight of 10 (p less than 0.02). No differences were found before and after treatment in the symptoms of urge incontinence and stress incontinence in the cystometric and urethral pressure profile measurements. Urinary symptoms of frequency, urgency, and nocturia may be caused by the direct pressure exerted on the bladder by the enlarged uterus. Symptoms of urge incontinence and stress incontinence deserve a more specific treatment as they are not related to uterine size.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hormonal changes related to impairment of cervical mucus in cycles stimulated by clomiphene citrate.

The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), 17-oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were determined for the early, midfollicular and periovulatory phase of spontaneous and clomiphene citrate (CC) induced cycles in 5 patients who responded with appearance of hostile cervical mucus (Group A) and 5 patients whose cervical mucus remained unchanged during the same treatment (Group B). The patients with hostile mucus were further investigated during a third cycle stimulated by CC and ethinyloestradiol (EE). Patients treated with CC for induction of ovulation who developed hostile cervical mucus showed higher levels of LH and T in the midfollicular phase of the menstrual cycle and significantly higher levels of T in the periovulatory period compared to patients with unchanged mucus. EE treatment induced a drop in the elevated LH and T levels and improved the cervical score. No change in E2 levels was noted. A direct effect of EE on the cervical glands together with the centrally mediated lowering of serum T are suggested to be responsible for improving the cervical mucus.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1990

Inflammatory bowel disease and serum beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase.

Serum beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase levels in 49 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 23 patients with ulcerative colitis, 10 with Crohn's disease, and 16 with ileostomy after total proctocolectomy) as well as in healthy normal controls were determined. They were found to be significantly elevated in 91% of all patients, disregarding the state of activity of the disease. It seems most likely that activated macrophages are the source of this lysosomal hydrolase in the serum of IBD patients since other theoretical possibilities, like damaged hepatocytes or elevated serum bile acid levels, are not relevant for these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Penicillin-tetracycline prophylaxis in cesarean delivery: prospective and randomized comparison of short and long term therapy.

A prospective and randomized study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of low price and discouraging bacterial resistance agents, given for 12 hours versus 72 hours, as prophylaxis at cesarean section. Ninety six patients received penicillin (ten million units) intravenously and tetracycline (0.25 g) intramuscularly at cord clamping and 12 hours postoperatively (table I). Among them 14% of febrile morbidity was recorded (table II). Eighty seven patients received the same treatment followed by oral ampicillin (2 g) and tetracycline (1.5 g) per day, for a further 60 hours (table I). Maternal febrile morbidity was not further reduced by the oral additional treatment (table II). This regiment prophylactic effect is comparable to previous reported data concerning other protocols, and even better, while expenses are reduced and efficacy for important pathogens such as chlamydia and mycoplasma is obtained. No side effects of the drugs were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum-beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase (beta-NAH) in the elderly.

Serum levels of beta-N-Acetyl Hexosaminidase (beta-NAH) provide information on the normal non-phagocytic function of Kupffer cells in the liver. Beta-NAH can thus be used as an indicator for non-parenchymal non-phagocytic liver cell function, whereas most of the more routine liver function tests measure hepatocytic status or function. Serum beta-NAH activity levels found in 49 patients and 10 healthy individuals above the age of 65 did not differ significantly from those found in younger controls. The results clearly indicate that beta-NAH serum activity in the aged is within normal limits and, if accepted as a routine measure of the non-phagocytic function of non-parenchymal liver cells, could be used in all adults.

Aged↗