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Biomedical subjects

M Niewald

Publications and source records attributed to M Niewald.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Hyperfractionated irradiation of bronchial cancer. Results of a pilot study].

The results achieved during recent years in experimental radiotherapy of malignant tumors show more and more the benefit provided by the small individual doses applied in fractionated irradiation. The effects and side effects of a hyperfractionated therapy of the bronchial carcinoma were investigated in a not randomized comparative study. The data of 100 patients were available for evaluation; they showed a tendency to local superiority of hyperfractionated irradiation. The value of hyperfractionation shall be examined in detail in a randomized prospective study.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1987

[Treatment of radiation pneumonitis with curative intent--a review].

Therapeutic assays with medicaments intended for the healing of radiopneumonitis have a long tradition. Numerous medicaments have been assayed in men and animals during the last thirty years without having reached any lasting positive results. In the end, the fibrotic stage of this radiogenic side effect has always been refractory. It was, however, possible with some medicaments to relieve the symptoms of the early exudative phase. This study is supposed to give a general survey of the present state of knowledge in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Irradiation of grades III and IV astrocytomas with new types of radiation].

Until 1983, more than 300 astrocytomas of degree III and IV have been irradiated all over the world with new types of radiation such as neutrons, protons, alpha particles, heavy ions, and pions. Up to now a therapeutic progress could not be achieved. Radiobiologic experimentations suggest that the dense ionisation is unfavorable in the irradiation of malignant cerebral tumors. The clinical radiotherapy research with protons should therefore be intensified and hyperfractionation should be critically reviewed.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1986

[Chest wall moulages for radiotherapy of resected breast cancer with fast electrons: comparative tests of different materials].

Irradiation of the thoracic wall with high-speed electrons is one of the standard methods of prophylaxis and therapy of local recurrences and cutaneous metastases of an operated mammary carcinoma. The surface dose, however, is only 85% of the maximum dose, due to the depth dose curve of the electron beams with the preponderantly applied energy of 7MeV. This is a poor value, since most of all recurrences appear near to the surface and so the risk of giving an insufficient dose is involved. The dose distribution could be essentially improved by the use of moulages on the chest. These moulages were made of different materials which were tested and compared with respect to their suitability for radiotherapeutic purposes. The best materials proved to be "Urgo-Plastan" (manufacturer: Holphar, Sulzbach) and "Orthoplast" (manufacturer: Johnson & Johnson, Düsseldorf). Both materials are synthetic substances which after heating can easily be adapted to the body shape and which offer a good stability, little inconvenience for the patient and a relative easy handling. With these moulage materials, the surface dose is increased to 98% ("Urgo-Plastan") and 99% ("Orthoplast") of the maximum dose.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Face masks for radiotherapy of head and neck tumors: comparative tests of different materials].

A most precise immobilisation of the patient's head is indispensable in order to reach a high degree of exactness and reproducibility in radiotherapy of malignant head and neck tumors. Face masks made of different synthetic materials have proved to be a simple and economical solution for this problem. Based on our own experiences with "Baycast Longuettes" (manufacturing firm: Johnson & Johnson, Düsseldorf), eleven substances have been tested in the phantom (compound of plaster and synthetic resin, thermoplast, polyurethane foam, compounds of cotton and synthetic resin, and fibre glass compounds). An appropriate material was "Hexcelite" (manufacturing firm: Medimex, Hamburg), a reticulated thermoplast which after warming up can be easily adapted to the patient's face and which guarantees a very good fixation of the head. As compared to solid masks, there is only a slight superposition of the depth dose of Co-60 gamma radiation by secondary electrons from the mask material, so that an increased rate of radiogenic dermatitides is not to be expected.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1985

[Radiotherapy of paraplegia caused by extramedullary hematopoietic tissue].

The presentation by computed tomography of an extramedullar epidural intraspinal hemopoisis has only been described sporadically. It has been possible to visualize by CT-scans the regression under radiotherapy of a sensory and motor paraplegia in a 17 years old patient with beta-thalassemia major. The central nervous system (thoracic and lumbar zone as well as os sacrum) was exposed to a total reference dose of 30 Gy which was administered within twenty days by a 60Co unit in single doses of 2 Gy each. From 4 Gy on, the paraplegic symptoms regressed continuously. The control CT taken after 26 Gy- the paraplegia had completely disappeared at this time-showed a significant regression of the intraspinal soft tissue masses. Radiotherapy is very important in the treatment of this disease. A direct correlation is found between clinical symptoms and CT-presentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Experience in the use of face masks for radiotherapy of head and neck tumors].

By means of positioning and fixation aids, the precision and reproducibility of irradiation fields in radiotherapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck can be considerably improved. Face masks made of different synthetic materials have proved to be a practicable solution of this problem. In our hospital we have developed and tested a simple and not expensive possibility of manufacturing the masks with "Baycast" (producer: Bayer AG Leverkusen). The material is generally well tolerated by the patients, and the head is sufficiently fixed. An increased incidence of radiogenic dermatitides is caused by the overlapping of the depth dose of the Co-60 gamma radiation due to additional secondary electrons emanating from the mask material. This effect can be partly prevented by cutting out the irradiation fields in the masks.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗