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Biomedical subjects

M Nikkonen

Publications and source records attributed to M Nikkonen.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Changes in psychiatric caring values in Finland.

A shift from institutional to non-institutional caring systems took place in Finnish psychiatric care in the 1980s. This article describes the values related to caring and the changes that occurred during the time span of a decade in a ward that rehabilitates mental patients as non-institutional care in northern Finland. The changes in patient and staff values are examined by studying the changes in caring practices in the ward. The ethnonursing method developed by Leininger (1995, 1991) was used to examine the rehabilitation of psychiatric patients. Data were collected by interviewing twenty patients and eleven staff members. Results demonstrated that by the 1980s individualism was increasingly valued and personal freedom and self realization were more valued than hard work and solidarity. People's values shifted from universality to greater diversity. Transcultural nursing implications are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

[Home care nurses' support of the relative caregiver of the patient dying at home].

The purposes of this article is to describe the need for support of the family members as care givers and the support they have received from domiciliary care team when caring for a dying family member at home. The article is based on the study which is one part of the STAKES research project called "Death with dignity". The project takes place in ten Finnish municipalities. This study was carried out in Tornio in August 1993 where eight family care givers were interviewed. The results show that the family care givers needed and had received both instrumental help and psychosocial support. The most important instrumental help was accurate information and guidance in practical skills e.g. how to use different kinds of instruments. The family care givers needed psychosocial support to be able to support the dying person. The interviewees emphasized particularly the value of hope both to the ill person and to the other family members. Trying to maintain hope after a terminal diagnosis is a lonely process for the patient and for the family, because for them, the health-care system often offers only bad news. The interviewees also underlined the need of official financial support system of the society.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1992

Caring in the preparation of long-term psychiatric patients for non-institutional care: ethnonursing study.

Caring is the central and unifying domain for the body of knowledge and practices in nursing. It was the purpose of this ethnonursing study to describe caring in the residential training for long-term psychiatric patients in Finland in 1977-1988. Data were collected by interviewing 20 patients and 11 members of staff. On the basis of the empirical data, four stages of caring could be distinguished: formation, reformation, fragmentation and reintegration. The changes in caring occurred on the following dimensions: work for wages vs. vocation; spontaneous social interaction vs. the systematic instruction of practical skills; and collective activities vs. individual activities.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1991

[Nursing and its changes in the preparation of psychiatric patients for non-institutional care in the residential home ward at Oulunsuu Hospital in 1977-1988].

The purpose of the study was to describe nursing and its changes in the residential home ward of Oulunsuu Hospital in 1977-1988 from a cultural viewpoint. The aim was to find out new information about the nature of nursing. The principal approach was the 'ethnonursing method' based on the ethnographic research tradition. The data was collected by interviewing the twenty patients and eleven members of the staff who had been in the residential home ward in 1977-1988. The four stages in the development of the ward were: formation, reformation, fragmentation and clarification. The values on which the nursing was based moved towards more individual ones in the course of the process. Man was seen as an acting, communicating subject at first and later as a rationally acting subject capable of learning. The aim of nursing shifted from that of "helping the patients to get out of the hospital" to that of recognizing the symptoms of a disease and the problems of living with it. The nursing first emphasized working, collective activities and spontaneous social interaction, later also guidance in practical skills and teaching in small groups. Finally, nursing was interpreted as a multidimensional system of assistance and support, including the finding of meaningful pastimes and the teaching of the skills needed for independent life.

Activities of Daily Living↗