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Biomedical subjects

M Nishi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of the varicella-zoster genome in ocular samples from patients with acute retinal necrosis.

We used the polymerase chain reaction to detect the virus genome in ocular samples from patients with clinically diagnosed acute retinal necrosis. Four samples from four patients with acute retinal necrosis, and five samples from three patients with other ocular diseases (sarcoidosis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and epiretinal membrane of unknown origin) were evaluated. The samples consisted of aqueous humor, vitreous, or subretinal fluid. Primers were specific for varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, or cytomegalovirus. The varicella-zoster virus genome was detected in three of the four samples from patients with acute retinal necrosis. Among these three positive samples, two had PstI-site-less point mutation, strains that have been described only in Japan and of low prevalence. Samples from patients with diagnoses other than acute retinal necrosis yielded negative results when varicella-zoster virus primer was used. No sample was positive for herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus primers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Stimulation of growth by both androgen and estrogen of the EMP-K1 transplantable tumor with androgen and estrogen receptors from human extramammary Paget's disease in nude mice.

BACKGROUND: Experimental approaches using transplantable human tumors in nude mice have greatly improved studies on their pathogenesis and treatment. PURPOSE: We studied the establishment of a transplantable tumor, EMP-K1, derived from extramammary Paget's disease and the morphology and unique hormone dependence of this tumor. METHODS: Tissue fragments from a metastatic skin tumor of an 80-year-old man with primary genital extramammary Paget's disease were implanted into male nude BALB/c mice. Tissue fragments of the established tumor were implanted into 50 castrated male 8-week-old nude mice, which were given injections of 100 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP), 100 micrograms 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 10 micrograms diethylstilbestrol (DES), or 1, 10, or 100 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E2). All injections were administered intramuscularly once daily, starting from the day of transplantation. The established tumors were examined immunohistochemically and biochemically. RESULTS: A transplantable tumor (EMP-K1) was established in the nude mouse. EMP-K1 tumor cells expressed antigens such as carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and c-erbB-2 protein and contained androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. The growth of the EMP-K1 tumor was stimulated by TP, DHT, DES, and E2. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both androgen and estrogen may stimulate the growth of the same tumor by both androgen receptor and estrogen receptor pathways. IMPLICATIONS: The EMP-K1 tumor is a useful tool for studies on the biology of extramammary Paget's disease, and further studies using these tumors will provide useful information concerning proper hormone therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Left upper abdominal quadrant evisceration].

To improve the surgical outcome of patients with advanced gastric cancer, we performed left upper abdominal quadrant evisceration (LUAE), which was introduced by Prof. T. Kajitani in 1980. From 1980 to 1989, 0.2% of 5123 gastric resections performed in the cancer institute Hospital and the National Cancer Center were total gastrectomies, in 4.5% (i.e., 232 patients) LUAE was the operative treatment. The 5-year survival rate of patients who underwent LUAE was 28%. Complications of the operation were 39.6%, other complications occurred in 15.1%. The mortality of patients who underwent LUAE was 2.2%.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms near the islet amyloid polypeptide gene in Japanese subjects.

Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) near the human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene were examined in 50 Japanese patients with non-insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 54 non-diabetic controls. RFLPs were identified with the enzymes PvuII (A1 = 21 kb and A2 = 18 kb) and BglII (B1 = 9 kb and B2 = 7 kb). These RFLPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium with A1 which was in disequilibrium with B2, as was A2 with B1. Since these two RFLPs map to different locations in the 5'-flanking region of the IAPP gene, they are most likely due to changes in the sequence of the sites recognized by PvuII and BglII rather than to an insertion/deletion-type DNA polymorphism. There were no differences in the genotypic or allelic frequencies of these RFLPs between Japanese subjects with NIDDM and non-diabetic controls implying that these RFLPs do not play a major role in the development of NIDDM in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Molecular biology of islet amyloid polypeptide.

We investigated the relationship between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-direct sequencing analysis. Endonuclease BglII and/or PvuII RFLP analysis revealed no positive correlation of IAPP gene with NIDDM. In PCR-direct sequencing of 25 NIDDM patients, no nucleotide sequence differences were found. These data do not support the view that IAPP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM. cDNAs encoding cat, rat, mouse, guinea pig and degu IAPP precursors were also cloned, and comparison of these predicted amino acid sequences clarified the species difference, especially between amyloid-forming and non-amyloid-forming species. Amino acid residues 25-28 of mature IAPP might be responsible for their amyloidogeneity. The alternative splicing transcripts of guinea pig IAPP gene were identified by using PCR. If these types of transcripts are translated, N-terminal mutated IAPP might be produced and act as an antagonist. The signal peptide cleavage site of rat IAPP precursor was also identified by an in vitro translation and processing system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Effects of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) on insulin biosynthesis or secretion in rat islets and mouse beta TC3 cells. Biosynthesis of IAPP in mouse beta TC3 cells.

Effects of rat islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) on insulin biosynthesis and secretion were examined in isolated rat islets and mouse beta TC3 cells. Culture of islets or mouse beta TC3 cells for 24 h in the presence of 10(-6) M IAPP and 5.5 mM glucose had no effect on insulin mRNA levels. The rates of proinsulin biosynthesis were not altered in islets incubated in 10(-4)-10(-9) M IAPP. In beta TC3 cells, proinsulin biosynthesis was stimulated by glucose, though no effects of IAPP were shown. Addition of 10(-5) M IAPP to islets incubated in 11 mM glucose decreased the fractional insulin secretion rates; however, the secretion of insulin from beta TC3 cells was not affected by 10(-5) M IAPP. On the other hand, mouse beta TC3 cells expressed the elevated level of IAPP mRNA. Metabolic labeling of beta TC3 cells revealed the synthesis of both proIAPP and mature IAPP. In pulse chase experiments, proIAPP was processed to IAPP in a manner similar to proinsulin. These data indicate that IAPP is a possible polypeptide hormone synthesized in pancreatic beta cells though it is unlikely that IAPP is a physiologically relevant modulator of insulin biosynthesis or secretion.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1992

Intra-operative total enteroscopy for the management of Peutz-Jegher's syndrome.

We present a case of Peutz-Jegher's syndrome in an 18 year old female who was followed for gastrointestinal polyps for 13 years from the age of 5 years. The patient was treated four times with surgical or endoscopic polypectomy for gastrointestinal polyps. At the age of 14 years, a combined surgical and endoscopic approach for the management of Peutz-Jegher's syndrome was carried out. A large polyp of the ileum required enterotomy for its removal, and another smaller polyp of the upper jejunum was identified and removed by intra-operative total enteroscopy via the anus. Intra-operative enteroscopy allows one to identify polyps that would previously have been missed. A more complete polypectomy can be performed using this technique, allowing the patient with Peutz-Jegher's syndrome a longer interval between laparotomies and a reduction in symptoms attributed to polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An index for proportion of head size to body mass during infancy.

The index "head circumference (cm)3/body weight (g)" gave an almost constant average (about 10) and standard deviation (about 1) in more than 2000 children at birth and at 4, 10, and 18 months. Application of this index to the data previously published confirms that the average is almost constant throughout the period from birth to 18 months, irrespective of sex or race. Head circumference cubed and body weight correlate significantly. This index seems to be useful to assess the proportion of head size to body mass during infancy, and to contribute to early diagnosis of diseases such as hydrocephalus or microcephaly.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1992

Differential expression of gap junction mRNAs and proteins in the developing murine kidney and in experimentally induced nephric mesenchymes.

The expression of three gap junction (GJ) proteins, alpha 1 (Cx43), beta 1 (Cx32), and beta 2 (Cx26), and their transcripts were examined during the ontogeny of the mouse and rat kidney. These proteins were expressed in two non-overlapping patterns. The alpha 1 GJ protein was first observed in mesenchymal cells in the 12-day mouse kidney. By day 14 and thereafter, the alpha 1 protein was detected in the transient S-shaped bodies, but not in the podocytes of the maturing glomeruli. After birth the antigen was retained in a small subset of secretory tubules. The beta 1 and beta 2 GJ proteins were similar in their developmental patterns. They were first detected in a small subset of secretory tubules in the subcortical zone of day 17 embryos. These tubules were identified by immunohistochemical markers to be proximal. At birth, practically all proximal tubules expressed the two antigens. This analysis of GJ proteins was consistent with the results of S1 nuclease protection assays showing that, while the alpha 1 mRNA appeared early during kidney development and declined around birth, the two beta mRNAs appeared later and became intensified during the last days of intrauterine development. In experimentally induced metanephric mesenchymes, a transient expression of the alpha 1 GJ protein was seen during the segregation of the tubular anlagen. beta 1 and beta 2 GJ proteins were not detected in such induced mesenchymes cultivated up to 7 days. These observations provide evidence for the cell-specific utilization of different GJ genes during different stages of kidney organogenesis. The alpha 1 gene is activated during the early segregation of the secretory tubule and might contribute to its compartmentalization, while the beta 1 and beta 2 gene products are not detected until advanced stages of development. The latter gene products might be correlated with the physiological activity of the proximal tubules in vivo, as they are not expressed in experimentally induced tubules detectable with markers for proximal tubules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Separation and characterization of diastereoisomeric oligonucleotide.

For developing the antisense method, two types of oligonucleotides suitable for antisense molecules were explored for their essential properties. One is oligonucleoside phosphorothioate, and all their possible R/S diastereoisomers were separated and purified by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Isolated diastereoisomers have been investigated for the correlation between their configuration and hybridization manner. Separation, R/S characterization and spectroscopical properties of these oligonucleotides will be discussed.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1992

NMR studies on solution structure of single-stranded oligonucleotides causing line broadening.

Unusual line broadening of 1H-NMR lines attributable to the proton (8H) of guanine residues was observed for all tetradeoxyoligonucleotides tested here which have a specific base sequence of dGXXG (X = A or T). For the same samples, line broadening was also obtained in the 31P-NMR spectra. These broadened signals did not become sharp up to 60 degrees C. This unusual spectral phenomenon has been attributed by 2D-NMR and differential NOE to the compact solution structure of the oligonucleotides.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1992

Unusual cases of benign stricture of the biliary tract.

Three patients, i.e., two adults and one child, with unusual benign stricture of the extrahepatic biliary duct are reported. Case 1 is a 63-year-old male with obstructive jaundice caused by a sclerotic vascular ring formed by the right hepatic artery and its branch. Case 2 is an 18-year-old male with obstructive jaundice due to stricture of the common bile duct caused by compression of enlarged collateral varicose veins, so-called cavernous transformation following extrahepatic obstruction of the portal vein. Case 3 is a 19-month-old boy complicated with biliary obstruction resulting from ischemic changes of the biliary duct at 10 months after extended right hepatectomy for mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver. The definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of imaging evaluations and the surgical findings. They have been free of jaundice and have shown an uneventful clinical course after the surgical interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A successfully treated case of thoracic meningocele with von Recklinghausen's disease].

Intrathoracic meningocele is an uncommon disease. Only 95 cases in the foreign literature and 13 cases in Japanese literature have been reported since Phol Meningocele occurs most frequently in the sacral and lumbar spinal regions. In this present paper, an 18-year-old female with intrathoracic meningocele associated with neurofibromatosis is described. The patient was admitted to our Surgical Clinic with a complaint of constrictive pain in the upper chest. The meningocele was diagnosed preoperatively and resected surgically by left thoracotomy. The patient has been followed up to for six years without any evidences of local recurrence. However, she recently complains of headache and weakened eyesight because of pituitary tumor, the operative indication of which is now discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of 2,5,5-trimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (M3PO) and 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (M4PO) with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as spin traps.

2,5,5-Trimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (M3PO) and 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (M4PO) were examined for their potential as spin traps used in biological samples, and the results obtained for M3PO and M4PO were compared with those of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) reported previously. The rate constants for the reactions of M3PO and M4PO with hydroxyl radicals were in the same order of that constant of DMPO. The hyperfine splitting constants of M4PO spin adducts were as informative as those of DMPO adducts. In the presence of ferric ions, M3PO and M4PO formed 2-hydroxy-2,5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (M3PO-OH) and 2-hydroxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxyl (M4PO-OH), respectively, by the nucleophilic addition of a water molecule, as we have already reported for DMPO. M4PO-OH was subjected to oxidation by ferric ions with a rate much slower than that for DMPO-OH, while M3PO-OH was not. The results indicate that M4PO is a spin trap suitable for biological applications and that nitrones having a methyl group at C2 represent improved spin traps.

Cyclic N-Oxides↗
PubMed1992

Mass screening of neuroblastoma in Sapporo City, Japan.

In Sapporo City a mass screening program for neuroblastoma aiming at 6-month-old infants has been performed since April 1981. By March 1990, 136,001 infants were screened; 26 true-positive cases of neuroblastoma and six false-negative cases were detected. The sensitivity of the mass screening method was about 80% throughout the 9 years. During the 9-year period, a total of nine children with neuroblastoma who were not screened were also identified. Clinical stage, age at diagnosis, and survival rate for the 32 patients who were screened (26 true positives and six false negatives) were much more favorable than those for the nine patients who were not screened. A remarkable decrease in the incidence of cases of neuroblastoma with advanced clinical stages over 1 year of age, especially among children 1-4 years of age, was noted after the start of the mass screening. The mortality from this tumor in children up to 4 years of age significantly decreased after the start of the urinary screening program. Rescreening at 14 months of age was begun in April, 1991 in Sapporo City. Performing two screening examinations decreases the probability of overlooking a patient. Thus, it is expected that tumors missed on the first screening would be detected by the second screening.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

[A case of peripheral corneal ulcer accompanied by progressive systemic sclerosis].

A 61-year-old woman with progressive systemic sclerosis developed bilateral peripheral corneal ulcer. The corneal lesions were resistant to daily systemic treatment with 15 mg steroid and 50 mg cyclophosphamide. Corneal perforation occurred in her right eye 11 months after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon and 3 months after the scleritis. Lamellar keratoplasty accompanied with Brown's operation was performed on both eyes. Graft melt and cicatricial corneal opacity developed postoperatively. Removed conjunctival tissue was examined immunohistochemically. HLA-DR protein positive monocytes infiltrated subepithelial tissue, demonstrating that the inflammation of the lesions was in the active stage. Not only perforin but also suppressor/cytotoxic T cell positive reactions were observed, which revealed an involvement of the T cell immune system in the present case.

Corneal Ulcer↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of 76 cases of smooth muscle tumor of the stomach].

Seventy six patients with smooth muscle tumor of the stomach (18 leiomyoma, 58 leiomyosarcoma) operated at Cancer Institute Hospital are presented. 1) Advanced age, short duration of illness, region of the middle portion of the stomach, large tumor size and ulcerative tumor were suggestive of pathological malignancy. 2) Male, symptomatic and larger tumor size were suggestive of poor prognosis. 3) The rate of curative surgery was 94.8% for fifty eight patients with leiomyosarcoma. The cumulative five-year survival rate after curative operation was 74.9% for all patients with leiomyosarcoma. Regardless of resecting method, all patients with tumors less than 5 cm in diameter lived without any indication of recurrence. 4) Four of the 58 patients with leiomyosarcoma had regional lymph node metastasis and died at less than 5 years following operation.

Adult↗