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Biomedical subjects

M Nyman

Publications and source records attributed to M Nyman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Vibro-acoustic stimulation does not alter the duration of high and low fetal heart rate variability episodes.

To study the effect of vibro-acoustic stimulation on high and low fetal heart rate (FHR) variability episodes. Prospective control study, in 21 high risk pregnancies between 32 to 39 weeks gestation. FHR pattern was recorded with cardiotocograph (CTG). After 5 min low FHR variability a vibro-acoustic stimulator was activated in contact with or above the maternal abdomen (sham) on a random basis on two consecutive days, and CTG was continued to obtain a complete high and low FHR variability cycle. Complete high and low FHR variability cycles were obtained in 12 patients with mean recording time of 129.5 minutes (range 69-185 min). The mean baseline FHR increased by 32.5 +/- 9.4 bpm after contact vibro-acoustic stimulation, but remained unchanged after sham stimulation. Mean duration of high FHR variability was 56.6 +/- 32.9 min and 47.3 +/- 23.7 min, respectively, and mean duration of the consecutive low FHR variability episode was similar after contact and sham stimulation. The complete cycles were 71.1 +/- 34.7 min and 66.2 +/- 21.2 min, respectively. Vibro-acoustic stimulation induced an abrupt change from low to high FHR variability, but the complete cycle of high and low FHR variability was not altered, when compared with the corresponding cycle following sham stimulation on the same fetus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

Vibroacoustic stimulation and intrauterine sound pressure levels.

The sound pressure level in amniotic fluid generated by vibroacoustic stimulation, assessed with a hydrophone placed close to the fetal head, was studied in 16 subjects. The mean recorded sound pressure level was 115 dB and the highest level was 129 dB. The range of the background noise was 63.5-80.5 dB. There was no obvious relationship between the distance from the stimulator to the hydrophone and the intrauterine sound pressure level. Although sound pressure levels are high, they are probably reduced before reaching the cochlea of the fetus because of the surrounding amniotic fluid and the fluid in the middle ear.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Penicillin tolerance in Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.

It was previously found that Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which can cause tonsillitis with exanthema, is not eradicated from the pharynx by administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin, despite minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.015-1.0 micrograms/ml. Therefore, recent clinical isolates were studied for penicillin tolerance by using a disk diffusion screening test and a pour plate assay. Macrobroth dilution minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and antibiotic kill kinetics were determined for 4 isolates. Tolerance was present in 38 of 40 clinical isolates with the disk diffusion assay. With the pour plate assay all 40 isolates were tolerant, 34 of them highly tolerant. The presence of the tolerant phenotype was confirmed by macrobroth dilution assays. It is concluded that A. haemolyticum is often penicillin-tolerant, suggesting that phenoxymethylpenicillin administration would be ineffective in eradicating A. haemolyticum from the pharynx.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed1990

Fermentation of vegetable fiber in the intestinal tract of rats and effects on fecal bulking and bile acid excretion.

The fermentative breakdown and fecal bulking capacity of dietary fiber from various vegetables (carrots, rutabagas, peas, green beans and Brussels sprouts) were evaluated in balance experiments in rats. The excretion of bile acids, protein and fat was also studied. The addition of blanched vegetables providing 10 g of fiber/100 g of diet caused a two-(rutabagas) to threefold (carrots) increase in fecal dry weight compared to that with a basal fiber-free diet. With green beans and Brussels sprouts, only about 25% of the fecal dry weight could be accounted for as fiber, whereas with the other investigated vegetables, 40-47% was fiber. Of the remaining part, 11% on average was fat, and 18% was crude protein. Fiber in carrots and peas was the least degraded, with approximately 47% of the polysaccharide intake being excreted in feces. By contrast, the breakdown of the fiber in green beans and Brussels sprouts was more extensive, with a mean of 23% of the polysaccharides being recovered. Among individual fiber constituents, glucose, mannose and uronic acids were least fermented, with considerable differences between vegetables. Total excretion of bile acids was reduced only when Brussels sprouts were added, whereas the concentration of fecal bile acids was lowered with all vegetables except rutabagas. However, no uniform change in fecal bile acid pattern could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fetal responses to different intensity levels of vibroacoustic stimulation.

The fetal responses to three different intensity levels of vibroacoustic stimulation (mean 92, 103, and 109 dB) were investigated in 275 pregnant women between 32-42 weeks of gestation. A 103-dB and a 109-dB stimulation aroused fetal movements, perceived by the mother, significantly more often than did a 92-dB stimulation (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively). Fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations occurred slightly more often at a 109-dB stimulation than at a 92-dB level, but the difference was not significant. In the second part of the study, the three modes of stimulation were compared under standardized conditions in ten normal patients. The immediate reaction concerning fetal body movements as measured by the mother or the observer and FHR accelerations were the same as described earlier. There was a significant delayed increase of fetal gross body movements after 8 minutes at the 103- and 109-dB stimulation levels. Thus, the fetal response to vibroacoustic stimulation changes with different intensity levels.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1989

Maternal perception of sound-provoked fetal movements in low-risk pregnancies during the third trimester.

Maternal perception of fetal movements after vibroacoustic stimulation (Servox) was studied longitudinally on 456 occasions in 90 low-risk pregnancies after 28 weeks gestation until delivery. A positive response to sound stimulation, recorded as a fetal movement by the mother, occurred on 444 (97%) occasions. Of the 12 negative responses eight occurred before 33 weeks showing a positive correlation with decreasing maturity. All the pregnancies had good outcomes. The low rate of false-positive tests (3%) adds support to the suggestion that this rapid test could play a role in the assessment of fetal well-being.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

Maternal perception of sound-provoked fetal movements as a measure of fetal well-being.

Maternal perception of sound-provoked fetal movements was studied on 613 occasions in 259 risk pregnancies. The response was compared with a non-stress (N-S) test performed immediately after the sound stimulation. A positive response to sound stimulation, recorded as a fetal movement by the mother, occurred on 534 occasions (87%) and was always accompanied by a normal N-S test; sensitivity 100%. An inconclusive (3%) or negative response to sound (10%) had a specificity of 89% and a predictive value for a pathological N-S test of 19%. There was a positive correlation between inconclusive or negative test results and fetal growth retardation (P less than 0.01), fetal hypoxia (P less than 0.05) and neonatal mortality (P less than 0.05). This rapid test may have a place as a simple first-line screening test.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

Enzyme resistant starch fractions and dietary fibre.

Starch fractions that are more or less enzyme resistant may behave like dietary fibre, both physiologically and analytically. Ungelatinized granules from potatoes, high amylose maize and green bananas are poorly digested. Starch made resistant to amylase due to new covalent bindings, formed at heat treatment or present in starch derivatives used as food additives, may also be more or less undigestible. "Resistant starch" present in bread and corn flakes is probably retrograded amylose. It is undigestible in the small intestine, but readily degraded by the large bowel microflora. Amylose-lipid complexes seem to be completely absorbed in spite of their resistance to amylase degradation in vitro. Since undigestible starch fractions behave physiologically like non-starch polysaccharides, they should be included in the dietary fibre concept. "Resistant starch" is analysed as glucose based fibre with all current methods except one, which includes an initial DMSO solubilization step.

Amylases↗
PubMed1987

Correlation of breast cancer metastases in chest X-rays to symptoms and survival.

The sizes and locations of pulmonary and pleural metastases in chest X-rays of 50 symptomatic and 65 asymptomatic breast cancer patients were compared and correlated to survival. The diameters of the metastases were about the same in both groups as also their distribution. The incidence of pleural fluid was higher in symptomatic patients. The survival curve of symptomatic patients did not deviate from that of the asymptomatic ones. Symptoms in pulmonary metastatic disease do not mean rapid progress of the disease but may be beneficial in that they cause the patient to visit the oncologist early. The cost-effectiveness of chest X-rays in the follow-up is questionable.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestinal tract: comparison between man and rat.

1. The breakdown and faecal bulking capacity of dietary fibre preparations from wheat bran, apple, cabbage, carrot, and guar gum were compared in man and rat. 2. The degradation of the fibre showed good correlation between man and rat (r 0.99, regression coefficient 0.86). Wheat bran was the least well-digested, 66 and 59% of the neutral sugars being excreted in faeces of man and rat respectively. The breakdown of the fibre in apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was more complete and 4-29% of the neutral sugars were recovered in faeces. 3. The main dietary fibre constituents in each preparation were degraded to a similar extent in man and rat. The main dietary fibre constituents of apple, carrot, cabbage and guar gum were almost completely degraded. Of the xylose in wheat bran 45% (man) and 48% (rat) were recovered in faeces. However, the percentage excretion of glucose and arabinose from bran was higher in man. 4. A faecal glucan other than cellulose was identified in human faeces after guar gum, and has been provisionally identified as starch. No such glucan occurred in rat faeces. 5. A good correlation between the faecal bulking capacity in man and rat was seen (r 0.97, regression coefficient 0.56). Wheat bran had the best bulking capacity, while that of apple, cabbage, carrot and guar gum was less pronounced. Faecal bulking was inversely related to the amount of fibre which was water-soluble in each preparation. 6. It is concluded that this rat experimental model is useful for the prediction of fermentative breakdown and bulking capacity of dietary fibre in man. However, more comparative studies are needed to evaluate animal experiments regarding other physiological effects of dietary fibre.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dietary fibre fermentation in the rat intestinal tract: effect of adaptation period, protein and fibre levels, and particle size.

1. The fermentative breakdown of one resistant type of dietary fibre (wheat bran) and one easily-fermented fibre (low-methoxyl pectin) was studied with respect to the length of the adaptation period and fibre level in the diet. The breakdown of the resistant fibre was also studied regarding the protein level in the diet and particle size of the fibre. 2. Prolongation of the adaptation period from 4 to 18 d decreased the faecal dry weight considerably. The excretion of dietary fibre however, was similar, whereas a decrease in faecal nitrogen excretion could be seen. 3. A level of dietary protein of less than 50 g/kg impaired the fermentation of wheat-bran fibre, whereas a level higher than 100 g protein/kg did not further increase the degree of fermentation of the fibre. 4. The particle size did not change the fermentability of the fibre, equal amounts of the main components of coarse and milled bran being excreted in faeces. 5. Two different levels of wheat-bran fibre (48 and 96 g/kg) in the diet did not influence the fibre breakdown. Similar results were obtained with two levels of fibre from low-methoxyl pectin (42 and 84 g/kg), but a tendency towards a decreased percentage of faecal excretion of uronic acids was seen at the lower level of low-methoxyl pectin.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Bulk laxatives: their dietary fibre composition, degradation, and faecal bulking capacity in the rat.

The intestinal dietary fibre degradation and faecal bulking capacity of various bulk laxatives were investigated by means of balance experiments on rats. Nitrogen, fat, and mineral excretion in faeces was also studied. The dietary fibre content of the various bulk laxatives was quite different (in g/kg dry matter): ACO fibre tablets (barley and citrus pulp), 451; Fiberform (wheat bran-based), 817; Inolaxol (sterkulia gum), 696; and Vi-Siblin (ispaghula husk), 533. The increase in faecal dry matter per 1 g dietary fibre was similar with ACO fibre tablets, Fiberform, and Vi-Siblin. Inolaxol gave a significantly (p less than 0.001) higher faecal dry-weight increment, mainly due to an increased mineral excretion. Of the dry-weight increment, 59-82% constituted undegraded dietary fibre. Thus, 68-97% of the fibre passed through the gastrointestinal tract without being degraded. All the bulk laxatives caused a similar increase in the faecal N content, whereas the increase in faecal lipids was most pronounced with Vi-Siblin. The water-holding capacity of faeces was more pronounced with Inolaxol and Vi-Siblin than with ACO fibre tablets and Fiberform.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Long-term immunosuppressive treatment in Crohn's disease.

We studied the clinical effects of long-term immunosuppressive treatment in 42 patients with severe Crohn's disease and extensive colonic involvement. Mean observation period before and after start of therapy exceeded 5 years. All but one of the patients receiving azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine improved, and 11 of 42 attained complete remission during therapy. Cyclophosphamide was substituted for azathioprine with inferior results in four patients with pancreatitis soon after initiation of azathioprine therapy. The frequency of both local and systemic complications decreased significantly during the period of therapy. Prednisolone could be withdrawn in 25 patients and reduced to less than 7.5 mg every other day in the others. The average remission period after withdrawal of all drugs in 10 patients was 40 months. The results were superior to those in a surgical series with comparable observation time drawn from the same background population. Aside from pancreatitis in four patients, no serious side effects were seen. Fertility was unaffected. The data demonstrate the feasibility of long-term azathioprine (6-mercaptopurine) treatment in extensive Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fermentation of dietary fibre components in the rat intestinal tract.

1. The fermentative breakdown of dietary fibre from various sources in the intestinal tract was studied using rat balance experiments and gas-liquid chromatograhic analysis of dietary fibre monomers in feed and faces. 2. On a basal diet with 690 g maize starch/kg but no added fibre, small but detectable amounts of polymeric glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, mannose and uronic acids, i.e. sugars occurring in dietary fibre, were excreted in faeces. 3. Dietary fibre in wheat bran was rather resistant to fermentation; 63% was recovered in the faeces. Guar gum, on the other hand, was almost completely fermented, whereas 19 and 25% of the uronic acids in low and high methoxylated pectin respectively, were excreted in faeces. The various constituents of sugar-beet dietary fibre (approximately equal amounts of arabinose-based hemicellulose, pectin and non-starch glucan (cellulose)) showed quite variable availability for micro-organisms in that 6-12% of the arabinose, 17-25% of the uronic acids, and 52-58% of the cellulose were recovered in the faeces. 4. Faecal nitrogen excretion increased on addition of any one of the dietary fibre preparations studied, resulting in decreased true and apparent protein digestibility values. 5. The faecal dry weight increment was most pronounced when feeding bran and could then almost be accounted for by the remaining fibre and by protein. The less-prominent bulking effect of guar gum and pectins, that were much more extensively fermented, could be only partly explained by dietary fibre and protein.

Animals↗