Biomedical subjects

M O Balogun

Publications and source records attributed to M O Balogun.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Spectrum of treadmill exercise responses in Africans with normotension, essential hypertension and hypertensive heart failure.

Hypertension is an important and common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Africans. In Africans, hypertension carries a more dismal prognosis for target organ damage. We therefore studied the influence of blood pressure on treadmill exercise performance in normotensives, hypertensives and patients with hypertensive heart failure, matched for age and sex. The spectrum of response was a progressive diminution of the systolic rise in blood pressure during exercise, exercise-induced tachycardia, exercise time, and maximal oxygen intake. There was an increase in functional aerobic impairment with a rank order from normotensives to WHO I hypertensives, then WHO II, with a non-linear extreme rise with the onset of heart failure. The results indicate that impaired exercise performance in African hypertensives occurs with the onset of ventricular hypertrophy, and that this is accentuated by the neuroendocrine response in congestive heart failure.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the cardiovascular responses to treadmill and bicycle ergometer exercise in healthy male Nigerians.

Cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise testing with treadmill (TD) and bicycle ergometers (BE) were compared in 60 healthy male Nigerians aged 20-45 years. The duration of exercise (DOE), maximal heart rate (MHR), peak systolic blood pressure (PSBP), and peak rate pressure product (PRPP) values were higher with TD than BE (P < 0.0001). The MHR correlated significantly with the DOE in both exercise modes (r = 0.5) but only with age in the TD mode (r = -0.4; P < 0.05). Twenty of these subjects (aged 20-26 years) were further randomized to commence with either TD or BE and afterwards to proceed with the second exercise. Haemodynamic responses were significantly higher as submaximal exercise on BE than TD, while during maximal exercise these responses were significantly higher on TD than BE. The rate of perceived exertion was different for two exercise modes. Seventeen subjects (85%) preferred the TD while 3 (15%) preferred the BE for their personal physical exercise programme. Factors such as varying exercise test responses, exercise mode preference, and rate of perceived exertion should be taken into consideration whenever exercise testing or training is required in various individuals with or without heart disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thyrotoxicosis and the heart--a review of the literature.

Thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. These include a decline in the systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. Exposure to excess thyroid hormone, as occurs in thyrotoxicosis, can not only aggravate preexisting cardiac disease but also by itself lead to cardiac disease. More patients are being reported with thyrotoxicosis in Nigeria while the facilities for diagnosis and treatment are improving and becoming more available. There should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with thyrotoxicosis, especially atrial fibrillation and cardiac failure. Initial management of heart disease in thyrotoxicosis should focus on the prompt alleviation of hyperthyroidism combined with judicious use of diuretics, digoxin and beta-blockers.

Cardiac Output↗

PubMedDate not supplied

What does the presence of hypertension portend in the Nigerian with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

132 Nigerians with Non Insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were divided into two groups (NIDDM) patients with hypertension and those without) and their clinico-laboratory parameters were studied and analyzed. Their mean age (SD) was 59.5+/-9 years. Body mass index (BMI) was 25.2+/-3.5 kg/m2 and the duration of DM was 6.9+/-6 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 55(41.6%) No significant difference were observed in the age, sex ratio and BMI of both groups but the duration of DM showed a statistical difference between the two groups. However, laboratory parameters such as fasting blood glucose, serum urea, creatinine clearance and degree of proteinuria all showed statistically significant difference between the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Also the hypertensive diabetic group were observed to have more end organ damage i.e peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy than the normotensive diabetics. We conclude that, hypertension in NIDDM patients has prognostic implications and so more aggressive efforts be made in detecting and controlling hypertension in DM patients.

Age Distribution↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular changes in sickle cell anaemia.

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest inherited haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in early childhood in most of the affected population. The cardiac manifestations of SCA are a significant feature of the disease but there is a paucity of information on the cardiovascular involvement in SCA in Nigeria and Africa. The size of the sickle cell problem in the country is growing rapidly and there should therefore be a greater awareness of the cardiac problems associated with SCA. This review highlights the clinical features, changes in cardiac structure and function at rest and on exercise, cardiac pathology and associated heart diseases in SCA as well as the recent global progress made in the understanding of the cardiovascular changes in the disease. Emphasis is laid on data derived from Nigerian studies.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical, electrocardiographic and self-paced walking exercise features of Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia presenting at OAUTHC, Ile-Ife.

Most patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) show evidence of cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed at clinically and electrocardiographically assessing the exercise capacity of steady state SCA patients using self-paced walking exercise. Forty one (17 males and 24 females) steady state SCA patients between the ages of 15 and 37 years were prospectively studied with 41 age and sex-matched (17 males and 24 females) normal AA controls. All subjects had clinical evaluation, resting 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), 12 minutes self-paced walking exercise, and were tested for haematological and biochemical abnormalities. The clinical features of the patients reflected a hyperdynamic circulation which was evidenced by faster heart rates, wide pulse pressure, cardiomegaly, loud heart sounds and cardiac murmurs. Non-specific ECG findings were observed in this study. The mean QRS voltage (Sokolow-Lyon criteria) was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). The mean rate, P wave duration and corrected QT interval of SS patients were significantly higher than the controls. The patients also had a significantly lower mean QRS frontal axis than the controls (P < 0.05) but there was no difference between the two groups in the mean QRS duration and PR interval. There was no abnormal QRS axis in the two groups. The self-paced walking exercise test showed significant limitation of exercise capacity in SCA patients, as evidenced by the significant reduction in speed and distance covered by the patients compared with the controls. While both groups achieved similar post exercise heart rate and systolic BP, the change in heart rate was significantly less in the patients. This study concluded that SCA patients have larger hearts and non-specific ECG changes. They showed significant limitation of exercise capacity with self-paced walking exercise, which was a safe and reproducible measure of cardiac reserve in them.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular responses to exercise in essential hypertension.

Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise were studied using the Bruce protocol in 40 patients with essential hypertension (20 males; 20 females) and 36 normotensive controls (20 males; 16 females) with similar age, level of habitual physical activity, smoking and alcohol habits. Maximal heart rate (MHR) was significantly lower in hypertensives than normotensives but there was no significant difference when treated were compared with untreated male hypertensives. Rest -maximal change in heart rate (delta HR) was lower in hypertensives than normotensives (males P less than 0.02). The blood pressure (BP) response was significantly higher in hypertensives than normotensives and in untreated than treated hypertensive males. The delta SBP was not significantly different in hypertensives and normotensives. The mean PRP max was significantly higher in male hypertensives than normotensives, lower in treated vs untreated male hypertensives; similar in treated hypertensives and normotensives and also in female hypertensives (mainly a treated group) compared with controls. The cardiovascular responses to exercise in the hypertensive population studied were significantly different from normotensives. The benefit of treatment of hypertensives is further emphasized by the reduction in blood pressure response to exercise and the reduced myocardial oxygen consumption during maximal exercise.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An open trial of lisinopril ('ZESTRIL') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria.

Fifty-one native Nigerian patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received Lisinopril ('Zestril') in doses of 10 mg to 40 mg once daily. All patients received an initial dose of 10 mg, which was titrated up to a maximum of 40 mg if normotensive diastolic blood pressure had not been achieved. Reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure, when compared with baseline data, was significant (p < 0.001) following 16 weeks of treatment. Of the 46 evaluable patients, 32 (70%) had their blood pressure controlled (i.e. diastolic blood pressure < or = 90 Hg). Lisinopril ('Zestril') was well tolerated, with 27% of patients reporting adverse reactions of which cough was the most common. In conclusion, this study shows that Lisinopril ('Zestril"), when administered to Nigerian patients, is a clinically effective and well-tolerated for mild to Customer to supply Mss.

Adolescent↗