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Biomedical subjects

M Obana

Publications and source records attributed to M Obana.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Rat peritoneal macrophages express endothelin ET(B) but not endothelin ET(A) receptors.

The properties of endothelin receptors on rat peritoneal macrophages were examined in in vitro receptor autoradiographic binding experiments and in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study. Dense and specific [(125)I]endothelin-1 binding sites were detected on the macrophages. [(125)I]Tyr13-Suc-[Glu9,Ala(11,15)]-endothelin-1(8-21) , IRL1620, a selective endothelin ET(B) receptor ligand, but not [(125)I](N-[(hexahydro-1-azepinyl)carbonyl])L-Leu(1-Me)D-Trp-D-Tyr , PD151242, a selective endothelin ET(A) receptor ligand, specifically bound to rat macrophages (Kd = 0.75 +/- 0.19 nM, Bmax = 7.77 +/- 2.50 fmol/mg). RT-PCR experiments also showed the expression of endothelin ET(B) receptor mRNA, but not endothelin ET(A) receptor mRNA, in these macrophages. These results indicate that rat peritoneal macrophages apparently express the endothelin ET(B) receptor but not the endothelin ET(A) receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Nitric oxide participates in the stimulatory and neurotoxic action of endothelin on rat striatal dopaminergic neurons.

1. Our method of real-time monitoring of dopamine release from rat striatal slices revealed that endothelin (ET)-3-induced dopamine release was inhibited by NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 1 mM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, while NG-methyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA; 1 mM), an inactive isomer of L-NMMA, had no effect. 2. The inhibition of L-NMMA (0.1 mM) became apparent when tissues were pretreated with tetrodotoxin (1 microM) for 30 min and subsequently exposed to ET-3 (4 microM). 3. L-NMMA (0.1 and 1 mM) dose dependently protected against ET-3-triggered hypoxic/hypoglycemic impairment of striatal responses to high K+. 4. Thus, NO may work as a promoter in mediation of the stimulatory and neurotoxic action of ET-3 on the striatal dopaminergic system, presumably by interacting with interneurons in the striatum.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Toxic shock-like syndrome after acupuncturation].

A 80-year-olkd male was admitted to our hospital because of severe pain and swelling on his left lower leg on January 23, 1996. He had received an acupuncture to both legs because of intermittent claudication once a week from July, 1995 to January 18, 1996. On the next day of the last acupuncture, pain and swelling on his left leg appeared. On admission, his left leg showed diffuse swelling and redness with blisters. We diagnosed this patient as toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS), based on the rapid exacerbation of the skin changes, necrotizing superficial fasciitis, multiple organ failure with shock, and the detection of group A streptococcus from culture samples obtained from both skin blister and necrotic fascia. He recovered from the disease by amputation of the involved leg and antibiotic therapy. Acupuncture could have been the cause of streptococcal infection.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1997

[A case report--typhoid fever complicated with liver and gallbladder abscess, treated for long-time as fever of unknown origin].

A 25-year-old male admitted to Kawasaki municipal hospital with the diagnosis of typhoid fever. He had noticed high fever since one month ago, and had been treated with prednisolone with the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in a hospital. Then he had admitted to St. Marianna University Hospital, and Salmonella Typhi had been detected from his blood and stool. On admission, multiple liver abscess were detected by abdominal ultrasonography. S. Typhi in bile was not eliminated with CP and AMPC, but he was successfully treated with cholecystectomy and the chemotherapy of LVFX. Abscess formation was found in the resected gall bladder wall. Typhoid nodule in the lymph node, liver or other organs is a well known pathological change in the typhoid fever. But abscess formation in the liver or other organs is rare. In this case, multiple abscess is characteristic and this cause is thought to be induced by the factors that the period from onset of typhoid fever to beginning of effective therapy was too long, and that steroid therapy was done without antibiotic therapy.

Abscess↗
PubMed1997

Fever of unknown origin responding to steroid therapy.

It is not uncommon to find cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in which no final diagnosis is made ever after various examinations. We investigated such cases of undiagnosed FUO, with fever persisting for a long periods and responding to steroid therapy. Among 4,596 patients who were hospitalized over 3-year period from September 1991, 25 met Petersdorf's definition of FUO. Among these 25 patient, six cases were steroid-responsive undiagnosed FUO (SR-FUO). Patients with SR-FUO had the following characteristics: marked inflammatory findings and severe illness; without a definite underlying disease being found despite various examinations; no findings which indicated any known diseases such as adult-onset Still's disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, or other collagen diseases; elderly onset, at 58 to 77 years of age (mean age: 67 years); no improvement with antibiotics, antituberculous agents, or antimycotic drugs; significant improvement of symptoms and signs with steroid therapy; and a relatively good prognosis. SR-FUO, which is not caused by any known disease and is highly responsive to steroids, is included among the FUO cases which we have difficulty in diagnosing and treating.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A fatal case of acute enteritis caused by Salmonella Weltevreden after travel to Indonesia].

A 67-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of watery diarrhea and pre-shock status at 10:30 am on March 20, 1995. He had travelled to Bali Island in Indonesia from March 13 to March 18, 1995. On admission, his systolic blood pressure was 60 mmHg and body temperature was 35.2 degrees C. His skin was very dry. Laboratory tests showed that s-Cr was 6.3 mg/dl and CPK was 5620 IU/l. A massive fluid transfusion was given immediately and then his blood pressure rose to 158/92 about two hours after admission. However, he developed a high grade fever and systemic cyanosis in the evening of the first hospital day and died at 0:20 am on March 21st. Salmonella Weltevreden was detected in the fecal and blood cultures obtained on admission. We considered that his acute renal failure was attributable to rhabdomyolysis due to dehydration and that the cause of death was probably septic shock. The patient had a previous history of cholecystectomy ten years ago and also suffered from hypertension, but his general condition was not so bad before this episode. Therefore, we were surprised that his illness became so severe. This case emphasizes that Salmonella enteritis may occasionally be a serious and lethal disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[A case of infective endocarditis with purpura and macroscopic hematuria as initial manifestations].

A 44-year-old female admitted to our hospital because of fever, purpura and macroscopic hematuria. She had been diagnosed as having ventricular septal defect (VSD). She noticed purpura with pain on bilateral legs and macroscopic hematuria since September 18, 1994. Three weeks later she also manifested a fever. Physical examination of admission revealed numerous purpura and leg edema. Laboratory data showed macroscopic hematuria, marked anemia (Hb 3.3 g/dl), leukocytosis, azotemia (Cr 2.7 mg/dl) and positive acute phase reactants. Increased serum immune complex level and hypocomplementemia were also found. The diagnosis of allergic purpura was made initially, but positive blood culture of Streptococcus mitis and the detection of vegetation attached to the right ventricular wall near the ostium of the VSD made the definite diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Chemotherapy with PCG was started for two weeks but with no effect. The chemotherapy was altered to panipenem/betamipron with a daily dose of 3 g, Then, her fever fell and purpura, macroscopic hematuria and renal failure gradually disappeared. In this case, the cause of renal manifestations was considered to be immune complex glomerulonephritis. This is the first report of IE with macroscopic hematuria due to immune complex glomerulonephritis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1996

[A case report: horizontal infection of typhoid fever from daughter to mother (by suppository maneuver)].

A 22-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and continuous high fever. Salmonella Typhi was detected from her blood. Her mother, 44-year-old female was admitted to our hospital a few days later because of high fever. She had nursed to her daughter and inserted suppositories to her daughter several times. S. Typhi was also detected from her blood. No other member of her family was infected with S. Typhi. From the study of the route of the infection, we are confident that S. Typhi was delivered from daughter to mother by insertion of suppositories.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1996

[Basic and clinical studies of pazufloxacin on infectious enteritis research group of T-3761 on infectious enteritis].

A clinical study was carried out on pazufloxacin (PZFX) in 137 patients including shigellosis, Salmonella enteritis, enteropathogenic Esherichia coli enteritis and cholera, and carriers of these pathogens. Antibacterial activity of PZFX against clinical isolates, fecal concentration of PZFX and effects of PZFX on fecal microflora were also investigated. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 97.2%. The bacteriological efficacy rates were 98.2% against Shigella spp., 81.8% against Salmonella spp., 50% against Vibrio cholerae O1, and 100% against E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus, Aeronomas spp., Plesionomas shigelloides and V. cholerae non-O1, respectively. Side effect (epigastralgia) was observed in 1 of 130 cases (0.8%). The rate of abnormal laboratory findings was 11.2% (11/98). These were mainly elevation of GOT and/or GPT and increased eosinophils. The clinical usefulness rate was 95.2%. The MIC90 values of PZFX against Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and E. coli were 0.025, 0.025 and 0.025 micrograms/ml, respectively. The results of fecal drug concentration and the effects on fecal microflora in one patient were compatible with those obtained in healthy volunteers.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical study of prulifloxacin on infectious enteritis. Japan Research Committee of Prulifloxacin, Research Group on Infectious Enteritis].

Prulifloxacin (PUFX), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent, was administered to a total of 122 patients and carriers to investigate its clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness in infectious enteritis (bacillary dysentery, enteritis caused by Salmonella spp. and enteropathogenic E. coli, cholera and so on). In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of UFX (active compound) was determined against each clinical isolate, and compared with that of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), ofloxacin (OFLX), tosufloxacin (TFLX) and nalidixic acid (NA). The correlation between the concentration of UFX in feces and the change of the fecal microflora were also investigated when PUFX was administered to the patients with acute infectious enteritis. A daily dose of 400 mg of PUFX was administered orally in two divided doses (morning and evening) for 5 days, with the exception of 7 days administration against salmonella enteritis and 3 days administration against cholera. 84 cases were adapted for evaluating the usefulness. The clinical efficacy was 100% in all the enteritis except salmonella enteritis, in which it was 88.9% (8/9 cases). On the bacteriological efficacy, the elimination rate was 100% in all isolates except Salmonella spp., in which it was 75.0% (12/16 cases). As for the adverse effect, uriticaria in moderate degree was observed in 1 (0.9%) of 109 cases. Abnormal changes in laboratory findings were seen in 3 (3.0%) of 100 cases, consisting of 1 with eosinophilia and 2 with elevated S-GPT, although they were all slight in degree. The usefulness rate was 65.5% (55/84 cases) for "very useful" and 95.2% (80/84 cases) for "very useful" and "useful". MIC90 of UFX against Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli and V. cholerae, was 0.025, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.05 microgram/ml, respectively. These values were the same as those of CPFX and TFLX, and superior to OFLX and NA. UFX concentrations in feces followed by administration of PUFX in 3 cases with acute infectious enteritis were higher than that of MIC90 of UFX against Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli and V. cholerae. The changes of the fecal microflora, which influence the efficacy and safety of PUFX, were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[clinical study of balofloxacin on infectious enteritis and assessment of the fecal drug concentration and intestinal microbial flora in patients with inpatients with infectious enteritis. Research group of balofloxacin on infectious enteritis].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of balofloxacin (BLFX) for patients with acute infectious enteritis and the carriers mainly shigellosis, were investigated. The drug was administered at a daily dose of 200 mg twice a day for 3 days to patients with cholera, 7 days to patients with Salmonella enteritis and 5 days to patients with other conditions of infectious enteritis including shigellosis; 1. The efficacy was analyzed in 89 of the 135 patients who received the administration (43 patients with shigellosis, 14 with Salmonella enteritis, 8 with enteropathogenic/ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enteritis, 3 with cholera, 7 with enteritis with other pathogenic bacteria, 6 with polymicrobial infectious enteritis and 8 with acute enteritis that was pathogen-negative). 2. In patients bearing symptoms and who thus could be analyzed for drug efficacy, the drug was markedly effective or effective 50/52 (96.2%). 3. Bacteriologically, the drug was effective for Shigella spp. in 41 (100%) of 41, Salmonella spp. in 12 (85.7%) of 14, and enteropathogenic/enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 8 of 8 cases. 4. Adverse effects were seen in 5/133 patients (3.8%) receiving the drug, including two cases of skin eruption, one of the numbness of the hands, one of oral aphtha, and one of nausea. In patients for whom laboratory findings were available, 20/115 (17.4%) showed abnormalities, mainly elevations of GOT and/or GPT, but these were slight. 5. In terms of subjective reports of usefulness, 51/82 (62.2%) were markedly satisfied, and 73/82 (89.0%) were either satisfied or markedly satisfied. 6. The influence of administration of BLFX on fecal concentration and intestinal microbial flora was investigated in 2 patients with acute infectious enteritis. Results approximately equivalent to such flora levels in healthy subjects were obtained. These results suggest that BLFX is highly useful for infectious enteritis such as that caused by shigellosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria successfully treated with halofantrine].

A 44-year-old male, who had been to Lagos, Nigeria, was admitted to our hospital because of a high grade fever on July 20, 1993. On admission, Plasmodium falciparum was detected in his blood smears and the antibody titers against P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigens were 1:256 and < 1:4 respectively by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Therefore, he was diagnosed as having P. falciparum malaria. He was treated with halofantrine (Halfan: Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, England), two tablets at six-hourly intervals, a total of six tablets (1500 mg). Parasites were cleared rapidly and remission was achieved without any adverse reactions. Halofantrine can therefore be recommended for the treatment of imported P. falciparum malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Case report: infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae].

A 42-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of high grade fever on October 6, 1992. He had no history of cardiac and underlying disease. For the past 10 days, he had complained of high grade fever and noticed arthralgia on his left shoulder. Physical examination on admission revealed that there was a body temperature of 39.0 degrees C and tenderness in the left shoulder. There were no abnormal findings for the chest or abdomen. On the second hospital day, he developed a diastolic murmur which had not been present on admission. And blood culture was positive for Streptococcus agalactiae. Ultrasonic-cardiogram indicated the presence of vegetation. He was diagnosed as infective endocarditis and treated with PCG 20 million units/day, IPM/CS 2 g/day and ISP 400 mg/day. But he was not responding to the chemotherapy. Aortic valve replacement was done on 22nd, October. Valve surgery succeeded and he became well after that time. Endocarditis caused by S. agalactiae is extremely rare, and is an important condition which carries a high mortality. Only seven cases of S. agalactiae endocarditis have been reported in Japan. It is difficult to treat these cases with antibiotic therapy alone. Therefore, we suggest that early surgery should be considered in infective endocarditis caused by S. agalactiae.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case report of atypical tuberculous spondylitis].

A 22-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of progressive weakness of bilateral lower limbs on October 29, 1992. He also complained of cough, sputum and back pain for 6 months. He had no history of underlying disease. His family history disclosed that his elder brother had tuberculous peritonitis. Chest radiogram on admission showed an abnormal shadow around the right first arch. Computerized tomogram revealed osteolytic lesions of the vertebral corpus and posterior elements at the level of C3, Th5, and Th11. Metastatic bone tumor was strongly suspected and surgical decompression was done on November 12. Histologic findings of the bone showed caseation and Langhans's giant cells, and acid fast bacilli were isolated. He was treated with anti-tubercular chemotherapy and showed remarkable relief of his symptoms over a period of 6 months therapy. This was a case of atypical tuberculous spondylitis. The main locus existed at the posterior elements of the vertebra and the distribution of vertebral lesions was multiple including cervical spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case report: sepsis associated with hypoglycemia].

A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of disturbance of consciousness. She had been diagnosed as uterus carcinoma and had undergone radiotherapy one year before admission. On admission, her body temperature was 35.5 degrees C and systolic blood pressure was 50 mmHg. Ascites and semicomatose consciousness were detected. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated the following values: leukocyte count 38800/microliters, blood sugar 3 mg/l and arterial blood pH 6.9. Therapy with catecholamine and antibiotics was started, but she expired 10 hours after admission. Bacteroides ovatus was detected from her blood. Autopsy findings disclosed abscess and perforation of the uterus, and liver cirrhosis. Hypoglycemia has rarely been described as a clinical manifestation of sepsis and this case is, to our knowledge, is the first report of sepsis complicated with hypoglycemia in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Causes of death in 140 patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

The causes of death in 140 patients (30 male and 110 female) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at Kawasaki Municipal Hospital are analyzed. Autopsies were performed in 58%. The causes of death were infection (25.7%), heart disease (20.0%), renal failure (10.7%), cerebrovascular disease (10.0%), and respiratory failure (8.5%). The causes of death in RA patients were compared with those of 243 non-rheumatoid patients. Infection, congestive heart failure, renal failure and respiratory failure were more common causes of death in RA than in the control group. It should be noted that neoplasms are infrequent causes of death in patients with RA. The survival time (onset to death) of RA patients appears to be increasing year by year.

Adult↗