Controlled multi-stage recognition of guests using orthogonal electro- and photochemical inputs.
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Letter↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ober
Publications and source records attributed to M Ober.
Structure and evolution of the alternatively spliced fast troponin T isoform gene.
The vertebrate fast skeletal muscle troponin T gene, TnTf, produces a complexity of isoforms through differential mRNA splicing. The mechanisms that regulate splicing and the physiological significance of TnTf isoforms are poorly understood. To investigate these questions, we have determined the complete sequence structure of the quail TnTf gene, and we have characterized the developmental expression of alternatively spliced TnTf mRNAs in quail embryonic muscles. We report the following: 1) the quail TnTf gene is significantly larger than the rat TnTf gene and has 8 non-homologous exons, including a pectoral muscle-specific set of alternatively spliced exons; 2) specific sequences are implicated in regulated exon splicing; 3) a 900-base pair sequence element, composed primarily of intron sequence flanking the pectoral muscle-specific exons, is tandemly repeated 4 times and once partially, providing direct evidence that the pectoral-specific TnT exon domain arose by intragenic duplications; 4) a chicken repeat 1 retrotransposon element resides upstream of this repeated intronic/pectoral exon sequence domain and is implicated in transposition of this element into an ancestral genome; and 5) a large set of novel isoforms, produced by regulated exon splicing, is expressed in quail muscles, providing insights into the developmental regulation, physiological function, and evolution of the vertebrate TnTf isoforms.
Alternative Splicing↗
[Respiratory symptoms and function of coal miners presenting radiological pulmonary abnormalities].
Respiratory symptoms and lung function of 80 coal workers suspected of pneumoconiosis (pulmonary X-rays classified 0/1 or 1/0 according to International Labour Organisation classification) who worked for at least 10 years at face work (Ts) were studied in comparison with two control groups matched by age (+/- 2 years), height (+/- 5 cm), weight (+/- 10 kg) and smoking habits: the Tn group constituted by 80 coal workers who worked for at least 10 years at face work with normal pulmonary X-rays, and the HTn group constituted by 80 underground miners who worked mainly out of face work with normal pulmonary X-rays. The frequencies of cough, expectoration, chronic bronchitis or dyspnoea were significantly higher in Ts group than in the two others. The one-second forced expiratory volume to vital capacity ratio (FEV1/VC) was lower, closing volume to vital capacity (CV/VC) or to total lung capacity ratios (CV/TLC) were higher in Ts group than in the control groups. Unexpectedly, vital capacity (VC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), compliance, diffusing capacity (DLCO) referred to alveolar volume (VA) were higher. In Ts group, the small rounded opacities were noted in the top part of the lung (56.9%), the irregular ones were distributed on the entire lung (65.5%). There were no relation between the category of small opacities and respiratory symptoms or lung function.
Adult↗
Glaucoma treatment with once-daily levobunolol.
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Drug Administration Schedule↗
[Guanethidine/dipivefrin and pilocarpine in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure].
Thirty patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent, guanethidine/dipivefrin and pilocarpine produced a supplementary reduction in intraocular pressure. An equally marked additional lowering of pressure was achieved when patients who had been given guanethidine/dipivefrin over an extended period of time were additionally treated with one dose of pilocarpine 2%. The reduction in intraocular pressure was much more pronounced in patients who had been treated with pilocarpine 2% alone over an extended period of time, followed by a single dose of guanethidine/dipivefrin, than in those who had been treated first with guanethidine/dipivefrin and subsequently with pilocarpine.
Drug Therapy, Combination↗
Treatment of elevated intraocular pressure with concurrent levobunolol and pilocarpine.
Between July 1983 and January 1986, 54 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were treated for 3 months with 2% pilocarpine hydrochloride (given four times daily) and one of two beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, levobunolol hydrochloride (0.5% [17 patients] or 1% [19 patients]) or 0.5% timolol maleate (18 patients), given twice daily. Before entry into the study all patients had had stable intraocular pressure (IOP) with treatment with 0.5% timolol and 2% pilocarpine. Stable IOP was successfully maintained in up to 88% of the patients in the two levobunolol-pilocarpine groups and in 83% of those in the timolol-pilocarpine group. Two patients experienced adverse reactions: one, who received timolol and pilocarpine, suffered blepharoconjunctivitis, and the other, who received 1% levobunolol and pilocarpine, experienced bradycardia. The results indicate that the levobunolol-pilocarpine regimens were as safe and effective as the timolol-pilocarpine regimen in stabilizing IOP.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
[Experiences with the effectiveness and tolerance of guanethidine/dipivefrin-AT in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure].
Investigation of the fixed combination of 0.5% guanethidine and 0.1% Dipivefrin demonstrated a good pressure-lowering effect (26.6% on average) as well as good subjective and objective tolerance. These findings justify its use as a preparation for lowering intraocular pressure.
Drug Therapy, Combination↗
[Metipranolol 0.1% and pilocarpine 2% as a fixed combination compared to each substance alone in the treatment of glaucoma. A controlled, randomized clinical study comparing the intraindividual effects and tolerance].
A fixed combination of pilocarpine 2% and metipranolol 0.1% was found to have a better pressure-lowering effect than pilocarpine 2% alone or metipranolol 0.1% alone, as well as being tolerated well, both subjectively and objectively. In many cases only the fixed combination was successful in lowering intraocular pressure to tolerable values.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
[Local subjective tolerance of levobunolol and metipranolol in a double-blind comparative study in patients with increased intraocular pressure].
We evaluated the ocular comfort of 0.5% levobunolol hydrochloride and 0.6% metipranolol hydrochloride ophthalmic solutions in a randomized, double-masked, paired-comparison clinical trial. The drugs were given twice daily for 7 days to 16 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Patients rated comfort in terms of the severity of burning and/or stinging. For both drugs, the severity rating of ocular discomfort was low, averaging between 1 and 2 on a scale of 0-10. At initial and follow-up visits, the mean severity rating of burning or stinging with metipranolol was 2, slightly greater than the mean score of 1 with levobunolol. At 55% (26 of 47) of the patient visits, the patients rated levobunolol as more comfortable than metipranolol. Metipranolol (Betamann; Mann) was rated as more comfortable than levobunolol at only 9% (4 of 47) of the patient visits. The duration of burning and stinging was also rated as longer lasting with metipranolol treatment than with levobunolol (Vistagan; Pharma-Allergan) treatment. Although little ocular discomfort was reported for either drug, the majority of the patients tested rated levobunolol the more comfortable of the two drugs.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Essential contribution of thrombocytes to the occurrence of catecholamine-induced cardiac necroses.
The role of thrombocytes in the production of isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis was investigated in rats rendered thrombocytopenic (A) as well as in rats treated with a prostacyclin analogue (B). According to quantitative morphometric evaluation the area of necrotic tissue amounted to about 1% 9 h following administration of isoproterenol (40 mg/kg). In both groups of treated animals the number and area of necroses were strongly reduced (to 23% group A, to 34% group B, P less than or equal to 0.1 for both groups). In contrast, the reduction of myocardial adenine nucleotide levels induced by isoproterenol was the same (5.06 to 3.57 and 3.60 microM/g wet wt, respectively) in thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic rats. Quantitative comparison of the fraction of necrotic tissue and of the fraction of lost nucleotides suggests that non-necrotic rather than necrotic tissue predominantly contributes to the reduction of nucleotides. The dependence of cardiac necrosis production on the presence or normal aggregability of platelets points out at platelet-dependent microvascular alterations as a main cause of isoproterenol-induced cardiac necroses.
Animals↗
Long-term ocular hypotensive effect of levobunolol: results of a one-year study.
Data for the first 12 months are reported for an ongoing, multicentre, clinical study comparing the long-term, ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of topical levobunolol (0.5% and 1%) and timolol (0.5%). This study was a double-masked trial testing 88 patients with chronic open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. During the 12-month period drops were instilled twice daily into both eyes after a washout of prestudy ocular hypotensive medication. The effect of the three treatments in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) was similar. Mean IOP reductions over the 12 months averaged 7.2 mmHg for the 0.5% levobunolol group, 6.2 mmHg for the 1% levobunolol group, and 6.0 mmHg for the timolol group. Decreases in mean heart rate of up to 5 beats per minute were observed in the 0.5% levobunolol group, up to 8 beats per minute in the 1% levobunolol group, and up to 4 beats per minute in the timolol group. Several patients were removed from the study owing to side effects possibly related to levobunolol treatment.
Adult↗
A clinical evaluation of the effects of topically applied levobunolol and timolol on increased intraocular pressure.
Data from two short-term double-masked studies using 24 and 16 subjects suggest that topically applied levobunolol safely and effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The onset of effect of a single drop of 0.5% levobunolol occurred within the first hour, producing a maximal hypotensive effect of more than 8 mm Hg after two hours. An intraocular pressure deceased of greater than or equal to 2 mm Hg was still observed after 24 hours for both concentrations of levobunolol tested (0.5% and 1%). Intraocular pressure decreases of more than 9 mm Hg persisted during a one-month trial in which patients were treated twice daily, confirming the results obtained in the 24-hour study. Systemic effects of both timolol (0.5%) and levobunolol (0.5% and 1%) included a consensual intraocular pressure-decreasing effect in the untreated eye and clinically significant reductions in heart rate. Diastolic blood pressure was decreased at two and four hours after administration of 0.5% levobunolol.
Administration, Topical↗
[Changes in intraocular pressure during prostaglandin-induced abortion (author's transl)].
Experimental animal studies have shown that local or systemic application of prostaglandin produces an acute increase in intraocular pressure. Investigations were carried out in 17 women undergoing prostaglandin-induced abortions to determine whether any changes in IOP occurred. In 16 of the patients there was no evidence of any effect; in the other one there was a transient moderate pressure elevation.
Abortion, Induced↗
[Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies (author's transl)].
Thirty-one patients with various types of retinopathy were investigated with regard to the effect of anthocyanosides on the retinal vessels. Especially in patients with diabetic retinopathy, a positive influence on the permeability and tendency to hemorrhage was observed. The importance of internal treatment of the primary disease is pointed out.
Adult↗
[Beta-blocking treatment (author's transl)].
Twenty-six patients with open-angle glaucoma were investigated to see if and to what extent topical treatment with timolol 0.5% produced systemic effects. All of the patient had contraindications to the systemic use of beta-blockers such as bradycardia, cardiac insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some patients the treatment had marked cardiovascular or pulmonary effects, especially in the group with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Administration, Topical↗
[The effect of timolol and dipivalyl-epinephrine in the treatment of the elevated intraocular pressure (author's transl)].
Twenty-seven patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent, timolol and dipivalyl-epinephrine produced a supplementary reduction of intraocular pressure. In a shortterm study, 14 patients were tested with timolol (0.1%) and dipivalyl-epinephrine (0.25%). Simultaneous application of both substances produced a statistically more significant reduction of intraocular pressure than either timolol (0.1%) or dipivalyl-epinephrine (0.25%) alone. In 13 patients a comparison was made between patients who received both timolol (0.25%) and dipivalyl-epinephrine (0.1%) bis x and patients who received only timolol (0.25%) bis x over a period of 6, 9 and 12 weeks. Both substances used in combination produced a statistically more significant reduction in intraocular pressure than timolol (0.25%) bis x alone. The simultaneous application of an alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist and beta-adrenergic antagonist is not contradictory. The results are discussed on the basis of the mode of action of the applied substances.
Drug Therapy, Combination↗
[The effect of timolol and parasympathicomimetica in the treatment of the elevated intraocular pressure (author's transl)].
45 patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent timolol and three other different parasympathicomimetics (pilocarpine 2%, carbachol 1.5%, aceclydine 2%) produced an supplementary reduction of the intraocular pressure. An equally marked, additional drop in eye pressure was achieved when patients who had been given timolol over an extended period of time, were additionally treated with one dose of pilocarpine 2% or carbachol 1.5%. Aceclydine 2% produced no statistically significant additional effect. Patients who had only been treated with pilocarpine 2% over an extended period of time and then were given one dose of timolol 0.25% produced a drop in eye presure more than double that of those patients who had been primarily treated with timolol and then received pilocarpine or carbachol. These results will be discussed on the basis of the mode of action of the applied medications.
Carbachol↗
[Timolol and acetazolamide in the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (author's transl)].
Twenty-four patients with open-angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent, timolol and acetazolamide produced a supplementary reduction of intraocular pressure. Twelve patients were treated with timolol eye drops, 0.5% b.d over a period of one week and then received one dose i.v. acetazolamide 250 mg which produced a statistically significant drop in intraocular pressure. Twelve patients with open-angle glaucoma who had been treated with acetazolamide 500 mg t.d.s. orally over a period of one week, received one drop of timolol 0.25% which produced a statistically significant additional effect. These results are discussed on the basis of the mode of action of the applied medications.
Acetazolamide↗