Superficial siderosis of the CNS: a late complication of cerebellar tumors.
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Central Nervous System Diseases↗
Biomedical subjects
M Obert
Publications and source records attributed to M Obert.
IgG-antibodies to CNS proteins in patients with multiple sclerosis.
The CSF and sera of 185 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 130 patients with other inflammatory diseases of the CNS (OID) and 50 patients with spinal disc syndrome (controls) were investigated for IgG-antibodies to CNS proteins by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting and by isoelectric focusing combined with affinity blotting. IgG-antibodies to CNS proteins in serum (immunoblotting) were detected in 18 patients with MS (10%), in 29 patients with OID (22%) and in four controls (8%). Intrathecal synthesis of IgG-antibodies to CNS proteins was demonstrated in 11 patients with MS (6%), in 37 patients with OID (28%) and in none of the controls. In 4/11 patients with MS intrathecally produced antibodies were shown to be specific for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Of patients with MS, 180 displayed oligoclonal IgG-bands in the CSF. Specificity of these bands for CNS proteins was demonstrated only in 2/180 specimens (1%). These findings indicate, that in most patients with MS oligoclonal IgG-bands in the CSF do not contain relevant amounts of antibodies to CNS proteins.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
The cell-binding carboxyterminal undecapeptide of SV40 tumour antigen provides protective cell-dependent immunity.
This paper describes the use of the synthetic carboxyterminal undecapeptide of large SV40 tumour antigen, lys698-thr708 (KT) to protect Balb/c mice against growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumorigenic SV40-transformed cells (VLM). The vaccine was prepared by conjugation of KT with 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide (SPDP). Addition of the SPDP-derivative of KT to syngeneic spleen cells rendered KT covalently linked to free thiol-groups of the cell membranes by the formation of -S-S-CH2-CH2-CO-epsilon-NH-lys698 bonds. Vaccination with KT-conjugated cells was intraperitoneal. Alternatively, KT-conjugated cells were generated in the peritoneum by injection of PDP-KT ((2-pyridyldithio)propionic acid-KT). As a control 60Co-irradiated VLM cells were used. In five experiments all VLM-vaccinated and the majority of the PDP-KT-(or KT-spleen cell)-vaccinated mice were protected against tumour growth. However, mice pretreated with saline, unconjugated spleen cells, free KT, KT conjugated to bovine serum albumin, or KT with incomplete Freund's adjuvant developed tumours. Treatment of PDP-KT-vaccinated mice with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 immunoglobulin abolished tumour immunity completely. Thus, covalent binding of the carboxyterminal undecapeptide of SV40 tumour antigen to viable, untransformed cells yielded a vaccine which protects Balb/c mice against SV40 tumours.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Microbial growth patterns described by fractal geometry.
Fractal geometry has made important contributions to understanding the growth of inorganic systems in such processes as aggregation, cluster formation, and dendritic growth. In biology, fractal geometry was previously applied to describe, for instance, the branching system in the lung airways and the backbone structure of proteins as well as their surface irregularity. This investigation applies the fractal concept to the growth patterns of two microbial species, Streptomyces griseus and Ashbya gossypii. It is a first example showing fractal aggregates in biological systems, with a cell as the smallest aggregating unit and the colony as an aggregate. We find that the global structure of sufficiently branched mycelia can be described by a fractal dimension, D, which increases during growth up to 1.5. D is therefore a new growth parameter. Two different box-counting methods (one applied to the whole mass of the mycelium and the other applied to the surface of the system) enable us to evaluate fractal dimensions for the aggregates in this analysis in the region of D = 1.3 to 2. Comparison of both box-counting methods shows that the mycelial structure changes during growth from a mass fractal to a surface fractal.
Fungi↗
Protection of mice against SV40 tumours by Pam3Cys, MTP-PE and Pam3Cys conjugated with the SV40 T antigen-derived peptide, K(698)-T(708).
The intraperitoneal injection of Balb/c mice with synthetic analogues of adjuvants S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-R-cysteine (Pam3Cys) or muramyltripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) inhibited the tumourigenic growth of subcutaneously injected VLM cells, a syngeneic simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cell line. Furthermore, the Pam3Cys conjugate of K698-T708 (KT), which represents the C-terminal undecapeptide of the SV40 large tumour (T) antigen, was tumour-protective. Also syngeneic spleen cells, preincubated in vitro with this Pam3Cys-KT derivative, which anchores spontaneously at the cell membrane, were, through SV40 tumour mimicry, tumour-protective. The protection was impaired by treatment of the mice with either anti-CD4, anti-CD8 IgG, anti asialo GM1 antiserum or dextrane sulfate, which deplete the CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells or the macrophages, respectively. In summary, SV40 tumour transplantation resistance can be experimentally elicited by a tumour-epitope-specific vaccine. In the absence of an immunogenic epitope protection was obtained by administration of biological response modifiers. Protection is effected by SV40-T-antigen-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in cooperation with NK cells and macrophages.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
Covalent immunochemical membrane labeling of viable cells with K698-T708, a simian virus 40 tumor antigen-derived peptide.
The process of covalent immunochemical linking of viable cell membranes with a Simian Virus 40 (SV40) tumor antigen-derived undecapeptide, K(698)PPTPPPEPET(708) (KT), is described. The principle applied was the reaction of the lysine residue, K 698, of the undecapeptide with the succinimidyl moiety of a heterobifunctional linker molecule, N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) or sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodo-acetyl)aminobenzoate (sulfo-SIAB). Thereby, upon release of N-hydroxy-succinimide, the rest of the linker molecule reacts covalently with the epsilon-NH2 group of lysine. Upon release of pyridyl-2-thion or hydrogen iodide, respectively, the second reactive moiety of the linker is then ready to form a covalent bond with SH-groups of cell membrane compounds. As a result, KT is covalently linked onto the cell membrane by an -SS- or an -S-bond, respectively. Binding is prevented by treatment of the candidate cells with iodoacetamide, an SH-reactive compound. This artificial cell membrane epitope can be demonstrated by surface immunofluorescence and by binding to immunomagnetic beads loaded with PAb1605, a KT-specific monoclonal antibody. Quantitation by cytofluorimetry shows some 10(4) KT molecules bound per cell, a number that is in the range of the number of SV40 tumor antigen molecules of genuine SV40-transformed mammalian cells.
Animals↗