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Biomedical subjects

M Oda

Publications and source records attributed to M Oda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Combined resection of the aorta in a T4 lung cancer under nonheparinized temporary bypass using Anthron tube].

A 63-year-old male had squamous cell carcinoma in the left upper lobe. CT scan suggested the invasion of the tumor into the vertebral body and the descending aorta. Left pneumonectomy and combined aortic resection under the temporary bypass using Anthron tube was performed. The bypass using Anthron tube provides us no systemic heparinization and the procedure is easy. So the danger of massive bleeding during and after the operation can be decreased and the operative time can also be shortened. This procedure may be a great help for carrying out the operation with combined aortic resection more safely and speedily.

Aorta↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental studies on the development of acute gastric lesions induced by vibration stress in rats and its pathogenetic mechanisms].

To clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms in acute gastric lesions induced by vibration (VIB), the effects of VIB (3.0 G, 10 Hz, 90 min) on changes in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF), plasma corticosterone (COR) and catecholamines (CA) as well as ulcer formation were compared with those of forced water immersion stress (FWI). While the VIB increased the GMBF during the exposure, the FWI decreased it during and after the stress. No difference in the severity of ulcer formation between the VIB groups was seen. Although both VIB and FWI increased the COR and CA, the degree of increased in the COR by the VIB tended to be less than that by the FWI. The truncal vagotomy inhibited the reduction of the GMBF and ulcer formation by the FWI, but promoted the reduction of the GMBF by the VIB. These results suggest that ulceration induced by VIB is caused primarily by its direct, mechanical and specific actions and not through the central nerve system.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Cardiac strangulation with permanent epicardial pacemaker lead].

A 3-year-old boy underwent corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot. During the operation, permanent epicardial pacemaker leads were implanted for complete A-V block, which was transient and a generator implantation was not necessary. The postoperative course was uneventful and he had been doing well until nine years of age, when he was admitted to our hospital with general fatigue. The data of echo cardiogram and cardiac catheterization showed the biventricular heart failure with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO). Because of his rapid deterioration refractory to the intensive medical therapy, semi-emergency surgery was recommended to relieve his RVOTO. It was found during the operation that the looped pacemaker leads had carved deeply in the atrioventricular groove, so that compressed the main pulmonary artery, left main coronary artery and encircled left ventricle. The pacemaker leads were dissected as long as possible, and cut segmentally. Additionally a patch enlargement of the main pulmonary artery was necessary to relieve the residual stenosis. Although IABP support was needed in a while, his postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative examinations showed normal cardiac function. This rare complication, so called "cardiac strangulation", should be in mind when the implantation of permanent pacemaker leads is indicated in pediatric cases.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide sequence of the unique nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 cDNA from Fusarium oxysporum.

A cDNA clone for the nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450) of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum (tentatively termed P-450dNIR) was isolated by an immunoscreening method. Sequence determination revealed a polypeptide of 403 amimo acid residues (Mr = 44,371), which was shown to contain the full-length sequence of the fungal P-450. The amino terminus region of the predicted sequence contained neither the signal-like, hydrophobic domain that is commonly observed in microsomal P-450s nor the tagging prosequence that is essential for localization of mitochondrial P-450s. Further, the sequence exhibited higher homologies against those of soluble bacterial P-450s, in particular P-450s of Streptomyces, rather than those of eukaryotic P-450s including yeast and fungal P-450s. These results are highly indicative that P-450dNIR is the first soluble P-450 derived from eukaryotic organisms. The unique features might be related to the novel function of P-450dNIR, which is involved in a dissimilatory reduction of nitrite by the fungus. P-450dNIR was classified into a new family, P-450LV, and the corresponding gene of the fungus was named CYP55.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Early hilar lung cancer: its clinical aspect.

Early hilar lung cancers are rare, but are curable if they are properly diagnosed and treated. In the past 14 years, we have treated 27 patients with early hilar cancers that fulfilled the criteria proposed by the Japanese Lung Cancer Society (JLCS). Eighteen patients presented with symptoms and 9 were detected by the mass screening examination of sputum cytology. All lesions in both groups were finally diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Twenty patients (74%) had positive sputum cytology, whereas only 7 (26%) had positive chest X-ray findings. All the patients underwent surgery, and bronchoplasty was the most frequent operative procedure. The 5-year survival rate was 100%, and the 10-year survival rate was 91.7%, as one patient died of a second primary lung cancer in the 6th postoperative year. In conclusion, the definition of early hilar lung cancer proposed by the JLCS is thought to be reasonable, and early hilar lung cancer is a curable disease, if it is properly diagnosed and treated.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1991

Presence of platelet-activating factor in pyuria in humans.

The relationship between the occurrence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and neutrophils in urine from patients with urinary tract infection was examined. PAF was detected in human pyuria, when leukocyte levels reached at least 300 cells/microL (n = 45), but not in normal urine (n = 12). The amount of PAF found in pyuria, measured by platelet aggregation assay, was 0.01 to 13.3 pmol/mL. A close correlation was seen between the amount of PAF present and the number of urinary leukocytes (p less than 0.01, r = 0.70). The leukocytes in pyuria consisted almost entirely of neutrophils (96 +/- 4%, mean +/- S.D.). Our findings suggest that the occurrence of PAF is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils in urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Aggressive surgical intervention in N2 non-small cell cancer of the lung.

An aggressive attitude toward surgical treatment was taken in patients with N2 non-small cell lung cancer in the past 10 years. Computed tomographic scanning was employed in the diagnosis of N2 disease, and had a true-positive rate of 57%. Among patients with N2 disease detected by computed tomographic scanning, surgical intervention was attempted except for those with unresectable disease. Of 190 patients with clinical N2 disease, 115 underwent surgical exploration: 9 patients had only an exploratory thoracotomy, 53 patients underwent a curative operation, and 53 had a noncurative operation. The overall 5-year survival rate of these patients was 16% and that of curatively resected patients was 20%. There were 47 patients whose N2 disease was not recognized before operation. The 5-year survival rate of this group was 20% overall and 33% in curatively resected cases. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients with N2 disease who underwent resection (106 with clinical N2 disease and 47 with clinically unrecognized N2 disease) was 17%, and that of the 84 patients undergoing curative operations was 24%. An aggressive attitude toward surgical intervention can be advocated for patients with N2 disease on the basis of our present results.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral angio- and neuro-Behçet's syndrome: neuroradiological and pathological study of one case.

Cerebral angio-Behçet's syndrome is extremely rare and pathological studies are scarce. We describe a 63-year-old man who developed left homonymous hemianopsia and hemiparesis 16 years after the onset of cardinal symptoms of Behçet's syndrome. CT, MRI and PET studies disclosed cerebral lesion with reduced neuronal metabolism in the right hemisphere, which was resolved by glucocorticoid therapy. Cerebral angiography showed no filling of the right Rolandic, anterior and posterior parietal and angular arteries. The postmortem study revealed: (a) occlusive panarteritis of some medium-sized pial branches of the right middle cerebral artery, considered as angio-Behçet's pathology, and small infarctions due to the vascular occlusion; (b) patchy or confluent demyelinated foci with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the bilateral brain basis, predominantly in the right retro- and sublenticular structures, being equivalent to neuro-Behçet's pathology. Cerebral angio- and neuro-Behçet's syndromes could have occurred and progressed concomitantly, which suggests a close relationship between the two subclassified processes.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with recurrent polyneuropathy: an autopsy report with special reference to the peripheral nervous system.

The clinical and pathological findings of a 21-year-old girl suffering from pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) with relapsing neuropathy are described. Episodic exacerbations were accompanied by intracranial hypertension and were relieved by the administration of corticosteroids. At autopsy, pathologic changes were almost restricted to the peripheral axons and showed distal dominant depletion of myelinated fibers without any active myelin breakdown or inflammatory changes. The neuropathy is thought to be similar to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP); however, the relationship, if any, between PPHP and CIDP is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Results of surgical treatment in patients with stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer.

From 1973 to 1989, surgical resection was performed in 235 stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer patients (78% of all admitted stage IIIA patients). Complete resection was accomplished in 155 patients and 80 underwent incomplete resection. The rate of incomplete resection was higher in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous cell carcinoma. There were 7 operative deaths (2.8%) among the patients undergoing operation. The five-year survival rate of the group having complete resection was 32%, whereas that of the incomplete resection group was 5% (p less than 0.05). The five-year survival rate of T3NO-1MO patients with complete resection was 50% and that of T1-2N2MO patients was 30%. However, the five-year survival rate of patients with T3N2MO disease was significantly poorer at 10% (p less than 0.05). The five-year survival rates of patients undergoing complete resection including the combined resection of an adjacent organ were: pericardium 43%; chest wall 43%; pleura 34%; and bronchus 46%. Forty-nine patients survived over three years and 10 of them died between three and five years after surgery, but five-year, four-year, and three-year survivors numbered 29, 4, and 6, respectively. Surgical resection appears to be the treatment of choice for stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer whenever complete resection is feasible.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1991

Results of surgical treatment in patients with stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer.

From 1973 to March 1989, surgical resection was performed in 83 stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer patients (81% of all admitted stage IIIB patients). There were 2 operative deaths (2.3%), and complete resection was accomplished in 33 patients. The five-year survival rate of the patients undergoing complete resection was 25%, whereas that of the incomplete resection group was nil (p less than 0.05). Among the 26 patients with invasion of mediastinal structures who underwent complete resection, 3 patients survived for over five years. Two had squamous-cell carcinoma and one had adenocarcinoma, and their tumors involved the left atrium, pulmonary arterial trunk, and superior vena cava, respectively. Among the 6 patients with T4 lesions due to carinal invasion, two patients (one with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one with squamous-cell carcinoma) have survived for over 8 and 4 years, respectively, after complete resection. There were no long-term survivors among the patients with malignant pleural effusion. Pleuropneumonectomy did not improve survival. Extended lymph-node dissection for N3 disease was only commenced in recent years, so it is not yet clear whether it will affect the survival rate or not. However, 6 out of 19 patients who underwent extended lymph-node dissection including the contralateral lymph-node compartments are still alive, with 23 months being the longest survival. To date, there are 6 three-year survivors among our present series of stage IIIB patients who underwent operative treatment. From these results, it can be concluded that stage IIIB patients should not be uniformly excluded from consideration for surgery, but rather should be evaluated with regard to the possibility of performing complete resection.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1991

Improved survival in left non-small-cell N2 lung cancer after more extensive operative procedure.

The five-year survival rate of lung-cancer patients with left-sided N2 non-small-cell disease is worse than that for those with right-sided lesions and this is partly caused by inadequate nodal dissection due to anatomical limitations. To overcome the problem of performing nodal dissection in the left mediastinum, several modifications of the operative technique have been tried in the past 18 years. The survival rates of the patients treated by each procedure were retrospectively compared in this study. The dissection method for mediastinal nodes was modified at three periods (1973-1980, 1981-1985, and 1986-1990). The first period involved less extensive node dissection, in the second period more extensive dissection was enabled by mobilization of the aortic arch, and in the most recent systematic and extensive dissection was made possible by the use of a median sternotomy. The five-year survival rates of the left-sided N2 patients undergoing complete resection in the first and second period were 8.3%, and 15.4%, respectively. The three-year survival rate in the most recent period has risen to 30.8%. Complete and extensive dissection of the mediastinal nodes after performing a median sternotomy is the procedure of choice for lung-cancer patients with left-sided N2 disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Morphological changes in unmyelinated nerve fibres in the sural nerve with age.

Quantitative changes in unmyelinated nerve fibres in sural nerves obtained at autopsy were evaluated in 28 normal adults. The following conclusions were reached. (1) The density of unmyelinated axons showed no significant correlation with age, but the densities of (2) Schwann cell subunits with axons, (3) Schwann cell subunits without axons, (4) single protrusions of Schwann cells and (5) collagen pockets, and (6) the mean number of Schwann cell profiles per axon, all showed positive correlations with age. Additionally, (7) the percentage of subunits containing unmyelinated axons and (8) the mean number of axons in single axon-containing Schwann cell subunits demonstrated negative correlations with age. The density of Schwann cell nuclei related to unmyelinated fibres did not show a significant change with age. The age-dependent changes in unmyelinated nerve fibres thus mainly consist of an increased production of processes by Schwann cells in the absence of cell multiplication. A decrease in unmyelinated nerve fibre density or a compensatory increase of small unmyelinated axons did not occur in these normal adults. In terms of relative sensitivity for the detection of the earliest changes in unmyelinated fibres, the indices (6) and (7) are considered to be useful and superior to the conventional assessment of unmyelinated axon density and diameter distribution. These two indices are not influenced by postmortem swelling of the axons and Schwann cells. Measurements of unmyelinated axon density and size distribution will continue to be useful in the assessment of more advanced pathological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

External control of drug release and penetration: enhancement of the transdermal absorption of indomethacin by ultrasound irradiation.

The effect of ultrasound (1 MHz) on transdermal absorption of indomethacin from an ointment has been studied in rats. Ultrasound energy was supplied for 10 min at a range of intensities (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 W cm-2), energy levels commonly used for therapeutic purposes. The pronounced effect of ultrasound on transdermal absorption of indomethacin was observed for all three intensities studied. The mean AUC value (33.22 micrograms h mL-1) after irradiation at 0.75 W cm-2 was 3.4 times the control value (9.70 micrograms h mL-1).

Administration, Cutaneous↗