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Biomedical subjects

M Odeh

Publications and source records attributed to M Odeh.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of upper airway muscle contraction on supraglottic resistance and stability.

The activation of upper airway (UAW) muscles is believed to increase UAW patency to air flow. To evaluate the mechanisms by which UAW muscles act to prevent UAW collapse, pressure-flow relationships of the isolated UAW as well as the negative pressure required to cause UAW collapse (Pcrit) were assessed before and during electrical stimulation of four UAW muscle pairs in anesthetized dogs. Stimulation of each of the muscles shifted the pressure-flow curve toward lower pressures for any given flow rate, indicating UAW dilatation. UAW resistance decreased from 7.9 +/- 0.6 to 0.4 +/- 0.1, 2.7 +/- 0.6, 2.3 +/- 0.8 and to 4.8 +/- 1.5 cmH2O.L-1.sec during genioglossus, geniohyoid, sternothyroid and sternohyoid stimulation respectively (P < 0.01 in all cases). However, only genioglossus stimulation significantly increased Pcrit (from -3.4 +/- 0.6 to -12.0 +/- 1.8 cmH2O, P < 0.001). Relaxation of the genioglossus thus appears to produce the main impediment to air flow through the UAW, and contraction of this muscle improves UAW patency both by dilating the supraglottic airway and by stiffening its walls.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1993

Is cesarean section necessary for delivery of a breech first twin?

Eighty-two pregnancies involving a breech first twin were retrospectively analyzed over two study periods during which the cesarean section rates were 20.9 and 94.9%, respectively. The neonatal and maternal morbidity in both study periods was compared. There were no neonatal deaths during either study period and no cases of interlocking twins among patients delivered vaginally. Neonatal morbidity was unrelated to the mode of delivery. The incidence of maternal fever was, however, significantly higher in the cesarean section group compared with the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that vaginal delivery of selected twin gestations with a breech first twin should be an alternative to cesarean delivery.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1993

Localized Wegener's granulomatosis relapsing as diffuse massive intra-alveolar hemorrhage.

In a 75-year-old patient presenting with a solitary pulmonary mass, a localized form of Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed after lobectomy. In the absence of extrapulmonary manifestations and after a benign postoperative course, the patients was discharged without medical treatment. Three months later, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage developed abruptly, necessitating mechanical ventilation, and was followed by cardiac complications and a fatal outcome. This case and another previously reported strongly suggest the need for medical treatment in patients with a localized form of pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis, even when complete remission after surgical resection of the lung lesion seems to have been achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Chlamydial infections of the heart.

Chlamydiae are common human pathogens, causing a broad spectrum of infectious diseases. Chlamydial infections involving the heart have been described in numerous previous reports. These organisms are documented to cause endocarditis, myocarditis and pericarditis. Furthermore, Chlamydia pneumoniae, the recently discovered respiratory pathogen, has also been implicated in coronary artery disease. For the first time the literature on involvement of the heart in chlamydial infections is reviewed. Information on the discovery of Chlamydia species is also included and the problem of the species determination of Chlamydia in interpretation of the older literature is mentioned.

Chlamydia↗
PubMed1992

Amelioration of sleep apnea by salicylate-induced hyperventilation.

It is well documented that upper airway (UAW) muscle activity is augmented in response to increased respiratory drive, the overall effect being an improvement in UAW patency. We have recently shown that salicylate-induced ventilatory stimulation increased UAW muscle electrical activity and decreased UAW resistance and collapsibility in anesthetized dogs. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of respiratory stimulation produced by high therapeutic doses of aspirin on sleep in nine patients with previously diagnosed sleep apnea. A control, all-night, polysomnographic sleep study, including oximetry and ventilatory monitoring by inductive plethysmography, was compared with a second study undertaken after patients ingested 8 to 10 g of aspirin over a period of 4 to 5 h. Aspirin ingestion resulted in high therapeutic salicylate serum levels (33 +/- 2.5 mg/dl, mean +/- SE) the following morning and was associated with marked ventilatory stimulation. Mean sleep duration and the relative partitioning of sleep stages were not affected by aspirin. However, aspirin-induced hyperventilation was associated with a significant non-rapid decrease in periodic breathing and the frequency of both obstructive and mixed apneas in all non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages. The total number of apneas over the whole night was reduced in all subjects and on average fell from a control rate of 42 +/- 7 to 28 +/- 7 apneas/h (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the mean duration of apneas fell from 23 +/- 2 to 20 +/- 1 s (p less than 0.05), and the overall time spent in apneas decreased from 17 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 3 min/h (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗