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Biomedical subjects

M Odell

Publications and source records attributed to M Odell.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The patient's thoughts and feelings about their transfer from intensive care to the general ward.

This qualitative, phenomenological study was undertaken to find out how patients felt about being transferred from the intensive care unit to the ward. The six patients who took part in the study, had been in intensive care for more than 4 days. Their transfer was planned as part of their recovery from a critical illness. Following transfer to the ward, the patients were interviewed using a semi-structured approach. The interviews were audio-taped, and transcriptions from the tapes were analysed for meaning and interpretation. Findings supported the literature that was reviewed, in that transfer from intensive care to the ward was a traumatic experience for the patient, who often found it confusing, stressful and tiring. Improvements to the transfer process can be guided using the information from the literature review and findings of the study.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Footprinting of Chlorella virus DNA ligase bound at a nick in duplex DNA.

The 298-amino acid ATP-dependent DNA ligase of Chlorella virus PBCV-1 is the smallest eukaryotic DNA ligase known. The enzyme has intrinsic specificity for binding to nicked duplex DNA. To delineate the ligase-DNA interface, we have footprinted the enzyme binding site on DNA and the DNA binding site on ligase. The size of the exonuclease III footprint of ligase bound a single nick in duplex DNA is 19-21 nucleotides. The footprint is asymmetric, extending 8-9 nucleotides on the 3'-OH side of the nick and 11-12 nucleotides on the 5'-phosphate side. The 5'-phosphate moiety is essential for the binding of Chlorella virus ligase to nicked DNA. Here we show that the 3'-OH moiety is not required for nick recognition. The Chlorella virus ligase binds to a nicked ligand containing 2',3'-dideoxy and 5'-phosphate termini, but cannot catalyze adenylation of the 5'-end. Hence, the 3'-OH is important for step 2 chemistry even though it is not itself chemically transformed during DNA-adenylate formation. A 2'-OH cannot substitute for the essential 3'-OH in adenylation at a nick or even in strand closure at a preadenylated nick. The protein side of the ligase-DNA interface was probed by limited proteolysis of ligase with trypsin and chymotrypsin in the presence and absence of nicked DNA. Protease accessible sites are clustered within a short segment from amino acids 210-225 located distal to conserved motif V. The ligase is protected from proteolysis by nicked DNA. Protease cleavage of the native enzyme prior to DNA addition results in loss of DNA binding. These results suggest a bipartite domain structure in which the interdomain segment either comprises part of the DNA binding site or undergoes a conformational change upon DNA binding. The domain structure of Chlorella virus ligase inferred from the solution experiments is consistent with the structure of T7 DNA ligase determined by x-ray crystallography.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Propofol abuse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed1998

Therapist and client behaviors in the first interview: effects on session impact and treatment duration.

The first-session behaviors of therapists and clients in 38 cases were observationally coded and their relations to client ratings of session impact and treatment duration were examined. Results indicate that few first-session global types of behaviors of participants affect treatment duration. Clients may suspend judgment about continuing in therapy until after they have attended more than one session, regardless of the first interview's impact. Thus, the first interview may be less crucial than traditionally asserted. It also appears that first-session behaviors of therapists and clients that are associated with greater impact may vary as a function of client type, that is, individuals as opposed to couples and families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ligation of double-stranded and single-stranded [oligo(dT)] DNA by vaccinia virus DNA ligase.

Vaccinia virus DNA ligase has been expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and biochemically characterized. The enzyme ligates double-stranded (ds) DNA substrates with either cohesive or blunt-end termini and the latter reaction is stimulated by PEG. Vaccinia virus DNA ligase can also ligate oligo(dT) when annealed to either a poly(dA) or a poly(rA) backbone and, remarkably, free oligo(dT). This ligation of a single-stranded (ss) substrate is unique among eukaryotic DNA ligases. The enzyme requires high ATP concentrations with a Km for the overall ligation of a ssDNA substrate of 0.8 mM. The salt, divalent cation, temperature, and pH requirements of the enzyme for the optimal ligation of ss and ds substrate are described.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

Vaccinia DNA ligase complements Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc9, localizes in cytoplasmic factories and affects virulence and virus sensitivity to DNA damaging agents.

The functional compatibility of vaccinia virus DNA ligase with eukaryotic counterparts was demonstrated by its ability to complement Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc9. The vaccinia DNA ligase is a 63 kDa protein expressed early during infection that is non-essential for virus DNA replication and recombination in cultured cells. This implies complementation by a mammalian DNA ligase, yet no obvious recruitment of host DNA ligase I from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was observed during infection. An antiserum raised against a peptide conserved in eukaryotic DNA ligases identified the virus enzyme in discrete cytoplasmic 'factories', the sites of virus DNA synthesis, demonstrating immunological cross-reactivity between host DNA ligase I and the vaccinia enzyme. DNA ligase was not detected in the factories of a mutant virus lacking the ligase gene. Despite this, no difference in growth between wild-type (WT) and mutant virus was detectable even in Bloom's syndrome cells which have reduced DNA ligase I activity. However, DNA ligase negative virus showed an increased sensitivity to UV or bleomycin in cultured cells, and the importance of DNA ligase for virus virulence in vivo was demonstrated by the attenuated phenotype of the deletion mutant in intranasally infected mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sustained increases in cytosolic calcium during T lymphocyte allosensitization, proliferation, and acquisition of locomotor function.

Activation of resting T cells is accompanied by an increase in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). However, the role of [Ca2+]i in the effector function of allosensitized cells, and how this may affect the evolution of the allograft response is unknown. To evaluate this more directly, we determined [Ca2+]i in both unsensitized T cells (C57BL/6 murine thymocytes) and in allosensitized T cells derived from different days of a C57BL/6 anti-DBA/2J mixed leukocyte culture. To correlate potential changes in [Ca2+]i with concomitant development of T cell effector function, the [Ca2+]i, proliferation (3HTdR uptake), and random locomotion (in vitro modified Boyden chamber assay) of the same cells was assayed simultaneously. Allosensitized T cells exhibited higher (P less than 0.05) [Ca2+]i than unsensitized thymocytes on all days of culture tested. Further, there was a progressive rise in [Ca2+]i during the course of allosensitization. Con A stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i over basal levels (P less than .05) for all cell types. A rise in [Ca2+]i preceded the onset of maximal allosensitized T cell proliferation (which peaked at day 7) and this continued to increase even after completion of DNA synthesis. In contrast, optimal T cell locomotion coincided with maximal [Ca2+]i, well after cell division had occurred. Prostaglandin E2, a known inhibitor of lymphocyte function, did not alter either basal or Con A-stimulated [Ca2+]i in thymocytes or MLC cells. These results indicate that [Ca2+]i signaling persists long after initial T lymphocyte alloactivation, and is maintained during DNA synthesis and acquisition of locomotor capacity. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on allosensitized T lymphocyte function may be mediated by a calcium-independent mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Oligoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement in a childhood immunoblastic lymphoma. Presentation as a polyphenotypic atypical lymphoproliferative reaction.

The authors describe a diagnostically difficult case of childhood lymphoma that presented as an atypical polyphenotypic lymphoproliferative reaction. Initial immunophenotyping revealed the presence of IgG, IgA, kappa, and lambda within the neoplastic lymphocytes. The patient had circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes and a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The patient died of widespread immunoblastic lymphoma in two months. Postmortem tumor DNA showed a oligoclonal pattern of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. Blots for T-cell receptor beta-chain rearrangement showed germline bands. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was present within tumor cells, but there was no history of prior immunosuppression or serologic evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection. The apparent polyclonal nature of the immunoproliferation delayed the institution of chemotherapy.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1987

Development of resistance to ofloxacin.

As a member of the 4-quinolone group of antibacterial agents, ofloxacin shares the almost unique feature of being exempt from plasmid-borne resistance in either Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. In the light of this feature, the development of resistance mediated through chromosomal mutation has been carefully studied, particularly the processes of mutation which confer resistance to levels of ofloxacin approaching those obtained at the site of infection after oral administration. With Escherichia coli strain KL16 being used as a model system, the genetics of the development of resistance to ofloxacin at least 2 mg/L have been studied. In common with many in vitro studies of the development of resistance to the newer 4-quinolones, it has been observed that the mutation frequency was extremely low (in the range 1 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-12) with bacteria grown under routine laboratory conditions. The resultant organisms were very slow growing, temperature sensitive and apparently auxotrophic. The mutation(s) were, however, very unstable and the mutants readily reverted to ofloxacin sensitivity in the absence of selection with ofloxacin. Subsequent studies of spontaneous mutation under growth conditions more closely related to the in vivo situation in the lumen of the gut, with limitation of oxygen supply, showed that mutation frequencies were in the order of 1 X 10(-8). Mutants obtained under these conditions displayed the same phenotype as found previously and were equally unstable. Examination of the physiology of the ofloxacin-resistant mutants has shown that they display significant metabolic defects with regard to being able to cope with environmental fluctuations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

A double-blind trial of a single intravenous dose of metronidazole as prophylaxis against wound infection following appendicectomy.

One hundred patients undergoing appendicectomy through a right iliac fossa incision were randomized to receive normal saline or 500 mg metronidazole as an intravenous infusion during the operation. One patient in the saline group developed an erythematous rash. There were 13 wound infections (as defined by the discharge of pus), 12 (out of 51) in the saline group and 1 (out of 49) in the metronidazole group. Bacteroides spp. were frequently cultured from the lumen of removed appendices and from pus obtained from infected wounds. This work supports the value of metronidazole but suggests that a single-dose regimen is adequate for prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial pressure monitoring: nursing in a district general ICU.

Factors influencing intracranial pressure are summarised. The Codman subdural bolt is presented as a useful tool for monitoring intracranial pressure in a district general hospital. Implications for nursing care of patients with a Codman subdural bolt are discussed.

Contraindications↗