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Biomedical subjects

M Ogita

Publications and source records attributed to M Ogita.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Intratumoral pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) activity predicts a selective effect of adjuvant 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'DFUR) on breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase) is the enzyme that converts 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil (5'DFUR) to 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Its activity in cancer tissue may correlate with the selective antitumor activity of 5'DFUR in breast cancer. METHODS: Two hundred and sixteen T2 breast cancer patients were treated consecutively with surgery followed by 5'DFUR (600 mg/body/day) + tamoxifen (20 mg/body/day) for 2 years. PyNPase activity in breast cancer tissue, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, ranged from 4.2-626.0 micrograms FU/mg protein/hr (mean +/- SD, 203.5 +/- 122.4), and the examined patients were divided into two groups: group A (high PyNPase group), cases with the PyNPase activity equal to or more than the mean value of 203.5 micrograms FU/mg protein/hr, and group B (low PyNPase group), cases with activity less than the mean value. RESULTS: Although there was no difference in relapse-free survival (RFS) between groups A and B, among node-positive patients (n = 83) those in group A tended to have a longer RFS. When divided into subgroups according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, among node-positive and ER-positive tumors (n = 49), the RFS was significantly better in group A than in group B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intratumoral PyNPase activity might be of use as a predictor of the effect of adjuvant 5'DFUR on breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Combination chemotherapy with vinorelbine and other cytotoxic agents for advanced breast cancer patients--a protocol of vinorelbine plus AC regimens used by the Japan Vinorelbin Study Group].

A new generation type of vinca alkaloid, vinorelbine (VNR), is a promising agent for the treatment of breast cancer patients. As a first line treatment for metastatic breast cancer, combination chemotherapy including anthracyclines plus VNR has demonstrated a high response rate and tolerability. In addition, other VNR containing regimens, such as 5-fluorouracil plus VNR, produced a 64% response rate. This evidence suggests VNR-containing combination chemotherapy may be a promising first-line treatment for breast cancer patients. In Japan, VNR is not registered, but a late phase II study has been completed. An approximately 30% response rate was obtained with its use as a monotherapy. In addition, a phase I/II study of combination VNR plus AC (adriamycin + cyclophosphamide) has been conducted. At the present time, the results are being analyzed.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1999

A phase I/II study of continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implantable reservoir for the treatment of liver metastases from breast cancer: a Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) study 9113. JCOG Breast Cancer Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Liver metastasis from breast cancer has a poor prognosis. While there are some reports of good response rates of hepatic metastasis from breast cancer by hepatic intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, no phase I study including pharmacokinetic analysis has been reported. We performed a phase I/II study of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil to find the maximum tolerated dose and response rate in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. METHODS: A hepatic arterial catheter with an access port was inserted into the proper hepatic artery. Patients received 30 mg/m2 adriamycin on days 1 and 8 and 100 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil at level 1, 200 mg/m2 at level 2,300 mg/m2 at level 3 and 400 mg/m2 at level 4 continuously from day 1 through day 14 every 28 days. At least two cycles were required before evaluation. Twenty-eight patients were entered into this study and 26 patients were evaluable. Seventeen patients had hepatic metastasis only, although nine patients had additional metastasis to other sites. RESULTS: Dose-limiting toxicity of thrombocytopenia and neurotoxicity occurred at level 4. Leukocytopenia (ECOG grade 3-4) was observed in five (19%), thrombocytopenia in three (12%) and anemia in two (8%) patients. There were 11 catheter-related complications which were not dose dependent. Seven out of 13 evaluable patients (54%) responded at level 3. The median duration of response was 5.8 months (range, 1-23+) and median survival was 25.3 months (range, 6.2-54.7+). CONCLUSION: Hepatic arterial infusion therapy appears to be safe and effective but catheter-related complications must be overcome before starting a phase III trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

UFT and mitomycin plus tamoxifen for stage II, ER-positive breast cancer. Hokkaido ACETBC Study Group.

A trial was designed to examine the combination of UFT and mitomycin (Mutamycin) plus tamoxifen (Nolvadex) as postoperative adjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with stage II, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast cancer. Mitomycin was administered intravenously at 13 mg/m2 on the day of surgery. Patients judged to be ER-positive were randomly allocated to either group A, which received oral tamoxifen 20 mg/day 14 days after surgery for 2 years, or group B, receiving oral UFT 400 mg/day plus tamoxifen 20 mg/day. A total of 219 patients were enrolled in group A, of which 213 (97.3%) were determined to be eligible; 225 patients enrolled in group B and 223 (99.1%) were eligible. The 5-year survival rates were 93.0% for group A and 95.4% for group B, with no significant difference between groups. The 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 83.1% for group A and 90.7% for group B, a significant advantage (P = .020) for the UFT plus tamoxifen group. Combination therapy with mitomycin, tamoxifen, and UFT proved to be an effective postoperative chemoendocrine therapy for stage II, ER-positive breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The inhibitory effect of vitamin E on pulmonary polyamine biosynthesis, cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in mice.

We investigated the modulating effect of vitamin E on pulmonary polyamine biosynthesis, cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in mice treated with urethane. Pulmonary ornithine decarboxylase induction and subsequent polyamine accumulation were observed during the initiation and promotion phases of the urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. The increases of ODC activity and polyamine level during both phases were almost inhibited when a high vitamin E diet was provided. The urethane-increased level of pulmonary proliferating cell nuclear antigen as a marker of cell proliferation during the carcinogenesis was inhibited by vitamin E treatment. Also, vitamin E suppressed the urethane-induced elevation of pulmonary cyclooxygenase activity as a marker of tumor promotion. In conjugation with these events, vitamin E reduced the development of lung tumors in mice treated with urethane. These results indicated that vitamin E could act as a useful chemopreventive agent against lung carcinogenesis in mice due to the regulation of cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Development of mandibular cartilages in the rat.

BACKGROUND: The mammalian mandible develops around Meckel's cartilage and other secondary cartilages, including the dentary. There have already been many studies of the development of the rat mandible that have employed histological serial sections. However, no previous investigators have captured the three-dimensional features of the developmental process. METHODS: In this study, the technique of double staining with alizarin red S and alcian blue was employed directly on whole body specimens to investigate the three-dimensional development of the rat mandible. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that the molar socket obstructs the developing mandible, causing it to emerge medial to Meckel's cartilage. Our results also indicate that the secondary mandibular cartilages may contribute to supplementary growth in response to local factors.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1997

A phase II study of high-dose epirubicin (EPI) plus cyclophosphamide (CPA) with G-CSF for breast cancer patients with visceral metastases or hormone-independent tumors: a trial of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group.

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high-dose epirubicin (EPI) plus cyclophosphamide (CPA) therapy, a phase II study of EPI, 130 mg/m2, plus CPA, 1000 mg/m2, with G-CSF every 3 weeks was carried out for 51 advanced or recurrent breast cancer patients by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Fifty out of the 51 patients who were eligible for our criteria were treated with this regimen as first-line chemotherapy for visceral metastases or hormone-independent tumors. In this trial, 203 cycles were administered with an average of four cycles per patients. In 50 patients who were evaluable for response, there were 7 complete (CR) and 25 partial responses (PR) with an overall response rate of 64% (95% confidence interval, 50.1-75.9%). Symptomatic and hematological acute toxicity more than grade 3 occurred frequently; however, no treatment-related death occurred. The incidence of toxicities (> or = grade 3) was as follows: leukopenia 98%, thrombocytopenia 42%, nausea/vomiting 56% and hair loss 12%. In each cycle, daily administration of 2 micrograms/kg G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) was given on days 2-15 subcutaneously. The incidence of cardiotoxicity was low. Arrhythmia (< or = grade 2) was observed in 8% and a slight decrease of ejection fraction index (< or = grade 2) was observed in 2% in this trial. The median follow-up period for patients was 37.2 (24.6-51.5) months and the median survival period was 17.4 months. These data indicate that high-dose EPI + CPA combination chemotherapy was effective and well tolerated for breast cancer patients with visceral metastases or hormone-independent tumors. A randomized trial of high-dose EPI vs conventional chemotherapy is required to ascertain the usefulness of this regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of postural control of children with Down syndrome and those with other forms of mental retardation.

To confirm the 1994 findings of Okuzumi, Haishi, and Kokubun, the displacement of the center of foot pressure, one-foot balance and head sway were measured in children with Down syndrome (n = 11) compared to those with other types of mental retardation (n = 17). The magnitudes of the displacement of the center of foot pressure and head sway were not significantly different between the Down group and other forms of mental retardation, whereas the performance of one-foot balance was significantly lower in the Down group. The mean frequencies of sway waves were generally higher in the Down group, and the differences between the two groups were significant except for sagittal head sway. The results generally supported the prior findings. We proposed that it was not the magnitude of the displacement of the center of foot pressure but rather the manner of the whole body's sway which might be related to postural control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Late phase II study of KW-2307 in advanced or recurrent breast cancer. KW-2307 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Section)].

A multi-institutional late phase II study of KW-2307 (vinorelbine), a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in advanced or recurrent breast cancer was conducted in 26 nationwide hospitals. KW-2307 was intravenously administered at a dose of 20 mg/m2 once weekly. Eighty among the enrolled 82 patients were eligible. The overall response rate was 30.0% (24/80) with 4 CR, 20 PR, 5 MR, 22 NC, 17 PD and 12 unevaluable patients. The major side effect was leucopenia, which was the dose-limiting factor in this study. Other subjective or objective side effects included general fatigue, nausea-vomiting, anorexia, paresthesia, fever and stomatitis, but none of them was serious.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment results of small cell lung cancer: referring to the clinical value of BAI combined with radiotherapy].

Results of 65 cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treated from Jan. 1981 to May 1991 were reviewed. There were 58 male and 7 female patients and their age was ranging from 37 to 86 (mean 65). There were 41 limited disease (LD) and 24 extensive disease (ED) cases. According to TNM (UICC 1987) staging system, there were 2 cases of stage I, 4 of stage II, 9 of stage III A, 28 of stage III B and 22 of stage IV. Among 65 cases, 60 cases received radiotherapy and 55 cases of them received radiotherapy for primary site. There were 29 cases received radiotherapy combined with BAI (bronchial artery infusion) and 20 cases received systemic chemotherapy. On survival, the 2-year survival rate was 26% and MST was 13 months in LD patients (n = 41). No 2-year survivors were seen in ED patients and MST was 10 months. Tumor response of primary site was as follows. In systemic chemotherapy group, CR 35%, PR 59%, NC 6% and PD 0% before radiotherapy and CR 59% after radiotherapy were obtained. In BAI group (including BAI + systemic chemotherapy), CR 6% and PR 88% before radiotherapy in BAI group. BAI did not seem to improve response rate compared to systemic chemotherapy. On survival, BAI group did not show significant better survival compared to BAI (-) group in LD cases (n = 31). In responders (evaluable LD cases, n = 24), the MSTs were 25 months in CR cases and 13 months in PR cases. No 2-year survivors were seen in PR cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Combination therapy with low dose adriamycin for advanced or recurrent breast cancer. Hokkaido Breast Cancer Treatment Study Group].

Comparative clinical trials among 3 regimens for patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer were performed as a multi-institutional joint study. Arm-I of 3 regimens consisted of a 3-day consecutive administration of adriamycin (ADM) at 10 mg/body every 4 weeks, a daily oral administration of cyclophosphamide (CPA), 5-FU and tamoxifen (TAM) at 100 mg, 200 mg, and 20 mg, respectively, and a once-a-week intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of OK-432 (OK) gradually increased from the initial dose of 1 KE to the maintenance dose of 5 KE. Arm-II contained methotrexate (MTX) at 10 mg/body for 3 consecutive days every 4 weeks in place of ADM in Arm-I. Arm-III contained neither ADM nor MTX. Of 69 cases registered, 52 were eligible, leaving 6 non-eligible and 11 incomplete cases. The results of the overall evaluation of 48 complete cases other than 4, in which the tumor was not exactly measured, were as follows. Arm-I resulted in 2 CR and 3 PR out of 19 cases, the response rate being 23.6% (5/19). Arm-II resulted in 1 CR out of 15, the response rate being 6.7% (1/15). In Arm-III, no response cases were found. No significant difference was observed among three treatment groups (p = 0.055), but in Arm-I, the response rate was higher than in the other treatment groups, suggesting that there is a probability of useful combined use of ADM.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of breast self-examination on early detection and survival.

To investigate the effect of breast self-examination (BSE), we compared the stages, survival, and the risk of death for 355 patients with breast cancer detected by BSE with those for 1,327 patients with breast cancer detected by chance. The early stages of the disease were found to be more common among the symptomatic breast cancer patients detected by BSE than those by chance. The 5-year overall survival rate was 94.4% for the symptomatic patients detected by BSE, and was significantly higher by 8.7% than that (85.7%) for patients detected by chance (P less than 0.001). The 10-year survival rate was 81.6% for patients detected by BSE, and 76.6% for cases detected by chance (the difference was not significant). The overall difference between the two survival curves was statistically significant by the logrank test (P less than 0.01). A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that the risk of death for patients detected by BSE was smaller by 0.570 times than that for patients detected by chance, which was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The effect of biases inherent to BSE in the survival analysis cannot be controlled completely even after conducting multivariate analysis. These results suggest that BSE may contribute to the reduction of the risk of death through early detection of breast cancer. However, further examination should be conducted by other methods to obtain conclusive evidence.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Transarterial "pile-up" infusion therapy of cisplatin and lipiodol emulsion in hepatic malignancies without TAE (transcatheter arterial embolization)].

We developed a modified transcatheter arterial infusion method using anticancer agents to treat hepatic malignancies; intermittent injections of iodized oil, lipiodol, containing adriamycin or epirubicin during the arterial infusion of cisplatin (75-200 mg/body) in order to achieve a higher concentration and longer retention of these anticancer agents in the tumor tissue. Fourteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and five patients with metastatic liver cancer were treated with this "pile-up" arterial infusion therapy by anticancer agents without gelatin sponge TAE. In HCC patients, 50% or greater reduction in tumor size was obtained in 7 of 14 patients (50%). Serum AFP levels decreased by more than 75% in 6 of 7 patients in whom pretreatment serum levels of AFP were more than 200 ng/ml. The one-year and two-year survival rates were estimated at 55% and 27.5%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. Significant reduction in tumor size was not observed in 5 cases with metastatic liver cancer. Concerning the adverse effects, alimentary symptoms and fever were noted for a few days in many cases, but they were temporary and tolerable in almost all of the patients. Severe adverse changes in laboratory data were not observed. Thus this "pile-up" infusion therapy of anticancer agents without TAE may be a useful therapy for HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland].

Adrenal imaging was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) was in 100 patients who had no clinical or biochemical evidence of adrenal abnormality and in 19 patients with 24 adrenal lesions (adenoma in 5, hyperplasia in 2, metastasis in 5, (lung cancer in 1, hepatoma in 4) adrenal cancer in 1, pheochromocytoma in 3, neuroblastoma in 3). Normal adrenal glands showed intermediate intensity between muscle and liver, and were detected in over 90% of cases on T1-weighted images (T1-weighted SE, inversion recovery). Adenomas and hyperplasias had the same intensity as normal glands. Medullary masses showed extreme hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and could be differentiated from cortical masses. Neuroblastomas were detected as hyperintense tumors with intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis on T2-weighted MR images. Metastatic adrenal tumors from lung cancer were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, while metastasis from hepatoma showed low intensity on the same pulse sequence. In diagnosing adrenal metastasis, we must compare and contrast the tumor intensity and structure with those of the primary lesions. MR is considered a useful modality in characterizing adrenal tissue.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

The effect of mass screening for breast cancer: results of a multivariate analysis.

To evaluate the life-prolonging effect of mass screening for breast cancer, we compared the risk of death for the patients detected by mass screening with that for the patients diagnosed in out-patient clinics, after adjusting for other relevant factors simultaneously by using the Cox regression model. A multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model in which clinical staging of disease was taken as one of the independent variables, showed that the risk of death for patients detected by mass screening was smaller by 0.765 times than that for patients found in out-patient clinics although the reduction was not statistically significant. This small reduction might be partly due to the effect of mass screening through early detection even within the same stage, and partly due to length bias, lead time bias and self-selection bias. When clinical staging of disease was removed from the independent variables, the risk of death for patients detected by mass screening was reduced from 0.765 times to 0.677 times that for patients diagnosed in out-patient clinics, which was statistically significant (P greater than 0.01). For asymptomatic patients detected by mass screening, such as reduction of the risk of death was from 0.789 times to 0.555 times that for patients found in out-patient clinics (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that mass screening for breast cancer may contribute to the reduction of the risk of death, although the effect of biases inherent in periodic screening was not removed completely in the present analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗