PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ohkoshi

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohkoshi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Chemotherapy for bacterial infections in renal transplantation and recent antibacterial agents].

Intraoperative wound infection and postoperative pulmonary and urinary tract infections are the major problems that face the transplant surgeon today. These infections are the major cause of the mortality after renal transplantation. Almost any microorganism could be causative. But, in this paper, only bacterial infections will be discussed. Prophylaxis of intraoperative infection is the same as that used for general surgery. In addition, one of the major defects in the recipient is defective renal function, resulting in general weakness. The use of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents (eg, cefmetazole etc.), effective against many different bacteria from gram-positive cocci to gram negative rods, administered to these patients will produce dramatic results. Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic and should not be given to the patients having renal failure. Piperacillin or the third generational cephems (ceftizoxime, latamoxef , cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, ceftriaxon and ceftazidime) are the drugs of choice for postoperative infections, especially for urinary tract infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa should be treated with cefsulodin, cefoperazone, or cefpiramide by the intravenous route. After chemotherapeutic and antibiotic therapy sterilizes the urine, this should be followed by suppressive therapy with quinolone- carboxylic acid (pipemidic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin and DL-8280), combinations of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or fosfomycin for many weeks or months. In chronic antimicrobial suppression treatment, half-doses should be given at bedtime.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Double-blind comparative clinical study of cefpiramide (SM-1652) and cefsulodin on complicated urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa].

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cefpiramide (CPM, SM-1652) at a 2 g/day dose were objectively compared with those of Cefsulodin (CFS) at a 2 g/day dose in patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections (UTI) by P. aeruginosa in a double-blind study at 46 institutions in Japan. The results are as follows: The therapeutic efficacy was analyzed in 254 patients (136 cases administered CPM and 118 cases administered CFS) after excluding 20 cases as drop-out. Among 254 cases, the number of patients with infection of P. aeruginosa was 190 cases (100 cases administered CPM and 90 cases administered CFS), while that with infection of organisms other than P. aeruginosa was 64 cases (36 cases administered CPM and 28 cases administered CFS). By the administration of a 2 g/day dose for 5 days, the overall clinical effective rate of CPM was significantly higher than that of CFS in total patients. When the patients were classified into 2 groups with respect to causative organisms (P. aeruginosa and others), the clinical effective rate of CPM in patients with infections of P. aeruginosa was significantly higher than that of CFS, while the clinical effective rate of CPM in patients with infection of other organisms than P. aeruginosa was the same as that of CFS. As to the bacteriological effect on bacteriuria, the eradication rate of CPM was significantly higher than that of CFS not only against all causative organisms but also against P. aeruginosa. The rate of replacement by S. faecalis was significantly higher in the CFS-treated group than in the CPM-treated group. The same result was obtained on the rate of replacement by other organisms. The MIC values of CPM for isolated organisms before drug administration were lower than those of CFS. The incidence rates of side effects and the abnormal findings of clinical laboratory tests were the same for the CPM- and CFS-treated groups. From the results, it was concluded that CPM is a useful drug for the treatment of patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of the synthetic protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-methyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate on carcinogenesis by 3-methylcholanthrene in mouse skin.

The effect of the potent synthetic protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate (FOY-305) on skin carcinogenesis in ddY mice was examined over a total observation period of 105 days. Administration of 0.1% FOY-305 in the diet suppressed the incidence of carcinomas induced by repeated local application of the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) (P less than .05) in mouse skin and delayed the time of appearance of the skin tumors (P less than .001). There was no significant difference in the number of tumors per tumor-bearing mouse and the size of the tumors between mice treated with MCA and mice treated with MCA plus FOY-305.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical study on intravenous infusion of micronomicin].

In recent years, aminoglycoside agents as well as beta-lactam antibiotics have been increasingly used with increased incidence of opportunistic infection caused mainly by Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, we administered micronomicin sulfate (MCR), reportedly lower in nephrotoxicity, at doses of 60 and 120 mg by intravenous drip infusion for 1 and 2 hours to healthy male volunteers and determined the blood level and the urinary recovery rate. The peak of blood level after 1 hour infusion of MCR was 7.3 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 9.5 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.34 and 2.48 hours respectively. The peak of blood level after 2 hours infusion of MCR was 5.7 micrograms/ml in the 60 mg group and 8.7 micrograms/ml in the 120 mg group. T 1/2 (beta) was 3.36 and 3.71 hours respectively. In the 120 mg group, the urinary recovery rate for the first 24 hours was 53.5% after 1 hour infusion and 60.9% after 2 hours infusion. In the 60 mg group, the rate was higher, 90.1 and 98.6% respectively. It was suggested that intravenous drip infusion of 120 mg of MCR for 1 hour is comparable to intramuscular injection of the same dose. Further, safety and effectiveness of this drug were studied in 7 clinical cases of urological infection. Good results were obtained in 7 clinical cases given 60 or 120 mg of MCR by intravenous drip infusion. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in clinical cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Antibacterial activities of new cephems against clinically isolated organisms (author's transl)].

The antibacterial activities of cefotaxime (CTX), cefoperazone (CPZ), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotiam (CTM), cefazolin (CEZ), gentamicin (GM) and cefsulodin (CFS) were investigated. All causative organisms were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections treated in Tokai University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1) The MICs of CMX, CTX, and CZX against most of clinically isolated strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Indole (-) Proteus sp. were 0.1 microgram/ml and lower. And then CTM, LMOX and CPZ showed similar antibacterial activities. 2) LMOX and GM showed potent antibacterial activities against C. freundii which was considered to be causative organisms of infections in rare cases. 3) Against S. marcescens, CMX, CTX, CZX, and LMOX showed very potent antibacterial activities. 4) Against P. aeruginosa, CFS, GM and CPZ showed moderate antibacterial activities. 5) Against Enterobacter sp., GM and CMX showed potent antibacterial activities.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Review [new antibiotics series III]: micronomicin (author's transl)].

Micronomicin is a new aminoglycosidic antibiotic discovered and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. It is produced by Micromonospora sagamiensis var. nonreducans. Investigation of micronomicin performed in 134 research facilities in Japan led to the following results. 1) Micronomicin showed a broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. 2) In susceptibility tests of clinical isolates, micronomicin was almost similarly active to GM. 3) Bactericidal activity of micronomicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was higher than those of TOB and DKB. 4) Micronomicin showed a synergistic antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli with CBPC and SBPC. 5) The therapeutic activity of micronomicin in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia sp. was in high correlation with in vitro antibacterial activity similarly to that of GM. 6) Micronomicin was confirmed to be stable against aminoglycoside 6'-acetyltransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to be not inactivated. 7) Pharmacokinetics of micronomicin was almost similar to those of GM with respect to the concentrations in the serum, urine and tissues. 8) Ototoxicity of micronomicin in guinea pigs was found to be approximately four times less than that of GM. 9) Nephrotoxicity of micronomicin in rabbits was estimated to be less than those of GM and DKB. In rats, nephrotoxicity of micronomicin was approximately 4 times less than that of GM. 10) Micronomicin was effective on 964 cases out of 1,469 cases from 127 research facilities in Japan (65.6%), suggesting its favorable activity against respiratory tract infections and against urinary tract infections. 11) Side effects with the drug were observed in 43 cases out of 1,532 cases (2.81%). Abnormalities in laboratory findings were also recognized, but transient without severe cases. 12) In conclusion, micronomicin is a favorable drug having lesser ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as well as antibacterial and bactericidal activity of aminoglycosidic antibiotics usually used.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

Effect of vitamin B2 on tumorigenesis of 3-methylcholanthrene in the mouse skin.

Local administration of riboflavin 2',3',4',5'-tetrabutyrate (B2-But4) suppressed the induction of skin tumors in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene. The latent period for the appearance of tumors was markedly delayed in the group treated with B2-But4. These findings suggest that riboflavin might retard the process of skin tumorigenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of oral administration of protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate on the growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced carcinoma in mice.

Oral administration of a synthetic protease inhibitor. [N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-methyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate, was used to challenge 3-methylcholanthrene-induced carcinoma. This drug was administered 3 times daily via a stomach tube at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg in 33 mice harboring solid tumors. Oral administration of more than 50.0 mg/kg of this protease inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of cancer-harboring animals (P les than 0.05). These results indicate that oral administration of an inhibitor of kinin-forming protease has an antitumor effect on malignant tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of growth of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse skin tumor by protease inhibitor [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate.

3-Methylcholanthrene-induced tumor was challenged with a low molecular synthetic protease inhibitor, [N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)-phenylacetate] methanesulfate. This drug at a dosage of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg was administered by ip injection to 20 mice each harboring a solitary tumor twice daily for 10 weeks. This protease inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice (P less than 0.001). The results suggest the involvement of kinin-forming proteases, such as trypsin, plasmin and kallikrein, in the tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Modified open renal biopsy.

One hundred seven cases of open renal biopsy using KAWAMURA-modified forceps have been performed over the past two years under general anesthesia. A sufficient amount of renal tissues for routine histology, immunofluorescence staining and electronmicroscopy were obtained in all 107 cases. There were no complications attributable to the procedure. It is concluded that this procedure using the "KAWAMURA-modified forceps" can be performed easier and faster than the previous techniques of open renal biopsy.

Adolescent↗