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Biomedical subjects

M Ohto

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Efficacy of longterm interferon treatment in chronic liver disease evaluated by sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA.

Effects of interferon treatment on hepatitis C virus were examined by investigating the presence of hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody in 70 patients with non-A, non-B chronic liver diseases. Twenty one patients were treated with three million units of interferon alfa 2a three times a week for 52 weeks, 24 patients were treated similarly for eight weeks, and 25 patients were given a placebo for eight weeks and served as control. Sixty six of 70 patients (94%) were positive for both hepatitis C virus RNA and second generation anti-hepatitis C virus antibody. Fourteen of 21 (67%) receiving the longterm treatment had a normalised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and in 12 of these hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid became undetectable by the end of treatment and remained so during the three year follow up after the treatment. Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody determined by first generation assay became negative in one case at the end of the 52 week treatment, and in four cases at the end of the one year follow up. In contrast, only one of 24 (4%) who received the eight week treatment and only one of 25 (4%) who received the placebo had normalised ALT activities. Hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid became negative in two patients undergoing short-term treatment and in none receiving the placebo. Thus, longterm interferon treatment seems effective in clearing hepatitis C virus from serum of patients with chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic effect of percutaneous ethanol injection on small hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation with CT.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) on small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with histologically proved HCC 3 cm or less in diameter underwent PEI. The patients were regularly followed up with sonography and contrast material-enhanced CT for more than 1 year (range, 12-96 months). The CT findings were evaluated for three tumor types distinguished on the basis of their appearance relative to that of the surrounding liver parenchyma: type 1 = hyperattenuating at the early phase (n = 39), type 2 = iso- or hypoattenuating at the early phase and hypoattenuating at the late phase (n = 18), and type 3 = isoattenuating (not detected) at both the early and late phases (n = 10). RESULTS: After PEI, a necrotic area of HCC and the surrounding liver parenchyma was characterized as hypoattenuating at both early and late phases of contrast-enhanced CT, regardless of the type. When an HCC appeared to be completely necrotic within 3 months after PEI, this status was retained until the latest observation in all but three cases. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced CT can correctly depict PEI-induced necrosis in HCC and is reliable for evaluating the therapeutic effect of PEI.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

Clonality in hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of methylation pattern of polymorphic X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase gene in females.

Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in women has been used to assess the clonality of various tumors. In this report, we analyzed 27 liver tumors in women, including 18 samples obtained by the performance of ultrasonically guided thin-needle biopsies. By analysis of the heterogeneity of phosphoglycerate kinase gene, 11 of 27 (41%) cases were found to be heterozygous at the gene. Of these informative 11 cases with liver tumors, 7 cases were "large" tumors (> 25 mm in diameter) and 4 cases were "small" tumors (< 25 mm in diameter). All 7 large tumors showed monoclonal patterns by the phosphoglycerate kinase gene analysis. Of the 4 small tumors, 2 showed monoclonal, and 2 showed polyclonal patterns. The 2 with monoclonal patterns were pathologically diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma despite their small sizes (20 mm and 23 mm). Of the two with polyclonal patterns, the smallest one (15 mm) was diagnosed as benign adenomatous hyperplasia, and the other as hepatocellular carcinoma heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. These data suggest that analysis of the methylation pattern of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene may be helpful on rare occasions in elucidating the nature of liver tumors but must in fact be used in conjunction with histological appearances to avoid errors secondary to inflammatory infiltrates.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Study of the changes in portal hemodynamics after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with reference to the variceal recurrence].

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) combined with percutaneous transhepatic obliteration was performed in 63 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. In all patients, esophageal varices were completely disappeared after EIS. To investigate risk factors for recurrence of esophageal varices after EIS, hemodynamic changes in the portal system before and after EIS were studied by portal vein catheterization and ultrasonography. In patients in whom portal pressure rose after EIS, recurrence of varices was observed in high incidence (p < 0.05). Furthermore, variceal recurrence appeared frequently in patients with progressive splenomegaly after EIS (p < 0.05). During post-EIS course, new appearance or increase in size of non-variceal portosystemic collaterals was detected by ultrasonography in 22% of the patients. In these patients, variceal recurrence rate was low (p = 0.09). In patients with shunts around the splenic hilum, variceal recurrence rate was lower compared with the patients with paraumbilical vein (p < 0.05). Prognostic factors for variceal recurrence were analysed using multiple regression model. It was suggested that the absence of non-variceal portosystemic collaterals was the most risky factor. In conclusion, observation of portal hemodynamics is considered to be useful for the long-term management of patients with esophageal varices treated with EIS.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Primary culture of proximal tubular cells (PTC) from normal mouse kidney as an in vitro model to study mechanisms of development of tubulointerstitial nephritis. Induction of ICAM-1 in PTC by antigen-primed lymphocytes].

Cultured PTC clearly expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) under the influence of tubular basement membrane antigen (TBM)-primed lymphocytes. These TBM-primed lymphocytes also demonstrated a high cytotoxic activity against cultured PTC. A pure preparation of isolated PTC from BALB/c mouse kidney was brought into primary culture. PTC was prepared by the method of Boogaard PJ et al, and our modification. Briefly, kidney was perfused with buffer containing 0.08% (w/v) collagenase. The cortical tissue was then filtered through nylon-gauze. Viable PTC were separated from other materials by isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous Nycodenz gradient. The confluent monolayer of PTC showed a typical epithelial morphology with cobblestone-like cells in the center of the cell-islands. Typical dome formation was observed in PTC cultures. These cells also strongly expressed gamma-glutamyl transpeptitase activity. Coculture of PTC with syngeneic lymphocytes primed with TBM antigen induced ICAM-1 expression in PTC. The TBM-primed lymphocytes had a cytotoxic activity without complement. However, neither virgin lymphocytes nor liver antigen-primed lymphocytes had cytotoxic activity. This simple syngeneic experimental model may allow us further molecular biological examination of renal tubulointerstitial diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinomas after non-surgical treatment].

We studied 710 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) who underwent non-surgical treatment. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that four factors, the number of tumors, tumor size, portal vein tumor thrombus and the severity of liver dysfunction (Child's classification) before treatment were found to be significant for the prognosis of patients and that severity of liver dysfunction was the most significant factor. of 179 patients with small HCC who underwent percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), the severity of liver dysfunction was the most significant factor contributing to the prognosis. The prognosis of HCC is influenced by many factors. We conclude that early detection of tumors followed by early therapy is the most important.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

[Molecular evidence for a single clonal origin in a patient with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

A 49-year old man was admitted in November 1989, because of anemia, abnormal shadowing on chest X ray and hyperproteinemia. Biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa + IgA kappa) was shown in serum, and Bence Jones protein in urine. The bone marrow examination showed an increased number of abnormal plasma cells (15.7%) and no evidence of lymphoma, A diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) was made. In April 1990, while the patient was treated with the modified M2 regiman, swelling of the right cervical lymph node was observed. Lymph node biopsy revealed that he had non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (:NHL, diffuse, mixed, B cell type). He was retreated with the CHOP regimen for both disease, but died of respiratory failure in October. 1991. To establish the clonal origin of this case of concominant MM and B-cell NHL, the immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in his lymph node and bone marrow were analyzed. Southern blot analysis with the JH probe and Ck probe showed one common band and one different band in the two samples. Our data suggest that two B-cell malignancies may have arisen from a single B-cell progenitor.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1994

Coinfection study of precore mutant and wild-type hepatitis B-like virus in ducklings.

The precore mutant hepatitis B virus often emerges from a mixed infection with combined wild-type and precore mutant viruses. Nevertheless, the precore mutant does not seem to be an evolutionarily favored strain. To investigate the interaction between wild-type and precore mutant hepadnaviruses in an animal model of perinatal transmission, we used an e antigen-defective mutant duck hepatitis B virus with mutations inside the stem-loop structure of precore messenger RNA for this coinfection study. Thirty 1-day-old ducklings were infected with wild-type duck hepatitis B virus, precore mutant virus or both viruses. The amounts of viremia and the distribution of viruses were analyzed by spot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing. We found that all the ducklings became chronic carriers of duck hepatitis B virus. The precore mutant replicate was less active than wild-type duck hepatitis B virus, and it could be overgrown by wild-type virus during the course of coinfection. These results demonstrated that wild-type duck hepatitis B virus might become the predominant species in a situation similar to the perinatal cotransmission in human beings. This might at least in part explain why the prototype virus could prevail for years.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prospective assessment of incidence of fulminant hepatitis in post-transfusion hepatitis: a study of 504 cases.

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis and "fulminant" hepatitis was investigated by a plan devised at our hospital in December 1982. Of 2959 blood recipients between January 1982 and December 1988, 504 (22.5%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis, with a mean transfusion volume of 10.2 units. Of the 504 cases of posttransfusion hepatitis, "icteric" (T-Bil > 2.0 mg/dl) and "overt icteric" hepatitis (T-Bil > 5.0 mg-dl) developed in 111 cases (22.0%) and 28 cases (5.6%), respectively. Of the 28 overt icteric hepatitis cases, 13 (2.8%) were thought to be true overt icteric posttransfusion hepatitis because the icterus was caused by other reasons in the other 15 cases (seven neonatal jaundice, four hemolytic anemia, one radiation hepatitis, one halothane-induced hepatitis; two other cases were excluded because chronic liver disease was diagnosed by imaging procedures despite serum ALTs in the normal range before transfusion). The anti-HCV serostatus was investigated in five of the 13 true overt icteric posttransfusion hepatitis patients using blood specimens taken 180 days or more following the onset of posttransfusion hepatitis. Anti-HCV seroconversion occurred in three of the five cases (60%). HCV seroconversions were not seen in the cases in which the icterus was due to other reasons.

Alanine Transaminase↗