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Biomedical subjects

M Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to M Olsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Inguinal dermoid cyst presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia.

A case of an inguinal dermoid cyst presenting as an incarcerated inguinal hernia in a 18-year-old boy is reported. A differential diagnosis of masses in the inguinal region is discussed and includes not only hernias but also gynecologic and vascular lesions. Dermoid cysts must be included in the differential diagnosis. Histologically, these cysts are characterized by an external lining composed of squamous epithelium with an underlying fibroconnective tissue containing hair follicles, sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine glands. The presence of all the skin appendages in these cysts distinguishes them from epidermoid and sebaceous cysts. The lack of structures foreign to skin differentiates them from dermoids (benign cystic teratomas) in the ovarian, testicular, retroperitoneal, and sacrococcygeal region.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of soluble neural cell adhesion molecule in rat brain, CSF, and plasma.

The polypeptide composition and glycosylation of soluble isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in developing rat brain, CSF, and plasma were characterized. Soluble NCAM in rat brain consisted of several glycosylated isoforms. The degree of glycosylation was developmentally regulated. After desialylation, four polypeptides of M(r) values of approximately 190,000 (s1), 135,000 (s2), 115,000 (s3), and 110,000 (s4) were observed. Polypeptides s1, s2, and s3 were also present in CSF, whereas only s3 and s4 were observed in plasma. Treatment of soluble brain NCAM with N-glycosidase F, which removes N-linked carbohydrates, produced polypeptides of M(r) values of approximately 190,000, 125,000, and 108,000-97,000. The monoclonal antibody OB11, which recognizes an epitope on the cytoplasmic part of transmembrane forms of NCAM, did not react with any of the soluble isoforms. Purified soluble NCAM, consisting mainly of s3, contained an N-terminal sequence identical to that of membrane-associated NCAM. Gel filtration of s3 indicated that it was present as a dimer under the chosen conditions. NCAM-expressing glioma cells adhered specifically to immobilized soluble NCAM. This implies that functionally significant soluble forms of NCAM are present in the extracellular fluid.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Effect of thyroxine therapy on bone metabolism in substituted hypothyroid patients with normal or suppressed levels of TSH.

The statement that pituitary hyperthyroidism reflects peripheral hyperthyroidism is still controversial. To evaluate a possible relationship between the calcium and the thyroid metabolism, 29 women with thyroxine (T4) substituted hypothyroidism were examined. They were separated into two groups, one with normal (0.15 to 6 mU/l) and one with suppressed TSH (less than 0.15 mU/l). All the women were judged euthyroid both by their T4 and T3 and by their clinics. The daily dose of T4 (median 0.15 mg in both groups) had been unchanged and TSH level had been stable during the previous six months. Bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine, bone mineral density (BMD) of left and right collum femoris, serum alkaline phosphatase activity (AP), serum concentration of osteocalcin (Ost) and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline/creatine (Hpr/crea) were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, sex- hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) was equal in the two groups, but significantly higher than in normals (p less than 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between serum Ost and Hpr/crea (p less than 0.05) indicating a balanced state where bone formation equals bone resorption. AP failed to correlate to Ost and Hpr/crea because the AP raises from both bone and liver of bone and liver metabolism whereas the two others predominantly reflect bone metabolism. SHBG, being a marker of liver metabolism, was elevated in both groups, probably because of the oral administration of T4. Our data suggest that euthyroid, T4 substituted patients have a normal calcium metabolism whether TSH levels are suppressed or not.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Adjuvant activity of non-ionic block copolymers. IV. Effect of molecular weight and formulation on titre and isotype of antibody.

The adjuvant activity of block copolymers varies with the lengths of the chains of polyoxypropylene (POP) and polyoxyethylene (POE). This project evaluated the adjuvant activity of new copolymers with long polyoxypropylene chains in mice immunized with TNP-hen egg albumin in 2% squalone-in-water emulsions. Two of the new copolymers, L141 and L180.5, not only stimulated higher antibody titres to TNP than older preparations, but also induced a higher percentage of the IgG2 isotypes. The smaller older copolymers, L101 and L121, induced higher absolute levels of IgG3 antibody and relative increases in IgG1. Incorporation of immunomodulators (cell wall skeletons, monophosphoryl lipid A or threonyl muramyl dipeptide) increased mean IgG titres but also increased variability of responsiveness among individuals.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Adjuvant activity of non-ionic block copolymers. V. Modulation of antibody isotype by lipopolysaccharides, lipid A and precursors.

Non-ionic block copolymers and lipopolysaccharides are both effective immunological adjuvants which are thought to act via distinct mechanisms. We hypothesized that they might produce synergistic effects when used together. We prepared a series of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations ranging from the smallest precursor, lipid X through complete LPS with O-polysaccharide chains. Three preparations with reduced toxicity, monophosphoryl lipid A, partially hydrolysed Ra-LPS and LPS of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were also utilized. All LPS preparations except the smallest were effective adjuvants for inducing early antibody responses to trinitrophenyl-conjugated hen egg albumin (TNP-HEA) when injected in squalane-in-water emulsions with copolymer L141. Only the larger LPS preparations induced sustained antibody responses. By itself, emulsions of copolymer L141 induced a predominant IgG1 antibody isotype response with lesser amounts of IgG2a and IgG2b. Surprisingly, all of the LPS preparations tested increased the proportion of IgG2 isotypes even though some had little effect on overall titres. The detoxified Ra-LPS (Ra-detox) was the most effective preparation for both increasing antibody titres and inducing the desirable IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes. These results demonstrate that the combination of LPS and block polymer adjuvants can produce synergistic effects without unacceptable toxicities.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Evidence that protein antigen b of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is involved in phosphate metabolism.

Protein antigen b (Pab) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has previously attracted interest because of its immunological and diagnostic relevance. In this study we present evidence that Pab possesses a signal sequence and is secreted from the cytoplasm of M. tuberculosis. The synthesis of Pab is enhanced under phosphate starvation indicating that the protein is involved in phosphate metabolism in M. tuberculosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Sucralfate as maintenance treatment for the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence.

Eighty-eight patients with endoscopically proven and healed duodenal or pyloric ulcer were randomly allocated into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month maintenance trial to determine whether sucralfate, 1 g twice daily, can be used to prevent a recurrence of ulceration. The patients were assessed endoscopically at three, six, and 12 months, or earlier if a symptomatic relapse occurred. Serum aluminum levels were also monitored. Sixteen patients were excluded from the study during the follow-up: nine of 41 in the sucralfate group, and seven of 47 in the placebo group. The groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, or smoking. The cumulative relapse rates in the sucralfate group were 28 percent after three months, 33 percent after six months, and 45 percent after 12 months, as compared with 49 percent (p less than 0.05), 64 percent (p less than 0.01), and 68 percent (p less than 0.05), respectively, in the placebo group. It is concluded that 1 g sucralfate twice daily is more effective than a placebo and is safe for the maintenance treatment of duodenal and pyloric ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Trainability of the pelvic floor. A prospective study during pregnancy and after delivery.

The contractibility and trainability of the pelvic floor were investigated during pregnancy and after vaginal delivery in 86 healthy primiparae. One group (TG) (n = 38) was instructed in training the pelvic floor from the 33rd week of pregnancy, whereas the other group (non-TG) (n = 39) was not. Both groups were measured by perineometry five times between 33rd-39th week of pregnancy and approximately 8 weeks after delivery. Half of the women were also measured 8 months post partum. At the beginning of the study both groups showed the same strength of the pelvic floor. 8 weeks and 8 months after delivery the TG were significantly (p less than 0.05) better able to contract the pelvic floor compared with the non-TG. 8 months post partum, the TG had regained the initial values of pelvic floor contraction as from 33rd week of pregnancy, whereas the non-TG had not. During pregnancy there was a better ability to contract the pelvic floor in the TG vis-à-vis the non-TG, though not significantly so. No difference in the course of delivery was observed, and the frequency of complications was the same in the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sucralfate versus placebo in treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

One hundred fifty-one patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, defined as chronic epigastric pain without concomitant symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome and with no evidence of any organic disease other than macroscopic or microscopic gastritis/duodenitis seen at endoscopy on entry into the trial, were randomly assigned to treatment for four weeks with sucralfate or a placebo, 1 g three times a day one-half hour before meals, according to a double-blind model. Seventy-nine patients received sucralfate and 72 patients received a placebo. According to patients' subjective assessment of their symptoms at four weeks, 61 patients (77 percent) in the sucralfate group and 40 patients (56 percent) in the placebo group had become symptom-free or showed improvement, whereas the condition of 18 (23 percent) in the former group compared with 32 (44 percent) in the latter group remained unchanged or deteriorated. The difference between the groups was significant (p less than 0.01). The best response to sucralfate treatment (84 percent or more symptom-free or improved) was achieved in patients with mild or moderate symptoms and without macroscopic or microscopic inflammation of their gastric mucosa--a typical patient with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Our results indicate that sucralfate is significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism of zearalenone by sow intestinal mucosa in vitro.

Homogenized intestinal mucosa samples from sows were incubated with zearalenone in the presence of NADPH or UDPGA. In addition, UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity in the microsomal fraction of mucosa was determined using 1-naphthol as substrate. In the presence of NADPH, zearalenone was reduced to both alpha- and beta-zearalenol (0.37 +/- 0.18 and 0.29 +/- 0.11 nmol/mg protein/hr in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively). The beta-isomer was the predominant metabolite. Glucuronide conjugation of zearalenone was very high compared with the level of reduction occurring (11.3 +/- 6.1 and 9.4 +/- 5.8 nmol conjugated/mg protein/hr in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively). There was no correlation between the rates of glucuronide conjugation of zearalenone and 1-naphthol, indicating that they depend upon two different isoenzymes of UDPglucuronosyltransferase.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies to gag protein p19 of avian sarcoma and leukaemia viruses.

We have characterized a set of 15 monoclonal antibodies to p19gag, one of the internal proteins of avian sarcoma and leukaemia viruses. All the antibodies work in immune precipitations as well as in immunoblotting, though with different efficiencies. We have developed a simple epitope mapping technique, which uses partial chemical cleavages at methionine or tryptophan residues followed by immunoblotting from SDS-polyacrylamide gels, to localize the epitopes of nine of these antibodies. The epitopes fall into at least four classes. The mapping procedure should also be useful for other antigens of known primary structure.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Metabolism of high concentrations of dietary zearalenone by young male turkey poults.

Six male turkey poults (3 weeks of age) were fed a starter ration artificially contaminated with 800 mg zearalenone/kg for a 2-week period to examine zearalenone metabolism and residues in various tissues, excreta, and blood plasma. Zearalenone had no effect on either feed consumption or body weight gain. All the birds fed zearalenone frequently showed strutting behavior, displayed an increased size and coloration of caruncles and dewlaps, and had swollen vent tissue. None of these signs were seen among six control birds fed uncontaminated starter feed. Hormone analysis, however, revealed that the testosterone concentrations in blood plasma were the same in both controls and treated birds. Analysis after 14 days of feeding showed that most of the dietary zearalenone had been metabolized into alpha-zearalenol. Levels of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol were: blood plasma 66 +/- 27 and 194 +/- 80 ng/ml, excreta 182 +/- 33 and 644 +/- 86 micrograms/g, lung 56 +/- 45 and 202 +/- 161 ng/g, heart 57 +/- 40 and 238 +/- 121 ng/g, kidney 122 +/- 25 and 477 +/- 53 ng/g, and liver 276 +/- 54 and 2715 +/- 590 ng/g, respectively. Only traces of beta-zearalenol could be detected in plasma, excreta, and the various tissues. The percentage alpha-zearalenol of total zearalenone plus alpha-zearalenol rose significantly in both blood plasma and excreta during the experimental period. Almost all zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol was found conjugated in blood plasma, and the conjugates consisted of both glucuronides and sulfate conjugates. Approximately 65% of all zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol in excreta was found to be conjugated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasma and urinary levels of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol in a prepubertal gilt fed zearalenone.

One prepubertal gilt, fed 192 micrograms zearalenone/kg body weight/day for 4 days, showed plasma concentrations of alpha-zearalenol 3-4 times higher than of the parent compound during the treatment. Zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol could be traced in plasma until the 5th day and in urine until the 4th day of the posttreatment period. A maximum circulating amount of zearalenone plus alpha-zearalenol, 10.4 ng/ml plasma, was found on the 4th day of treatment followed by an urinary excretion of 305 ng/ml urine. All zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol in plasma and urine were bound to glucuronic acid. On the second day of treatment the animal showed oedema and reddening of the vulva which became more pronounced during the treatment. Hormone analysis, however, showed that the animal had no oestrus cycle during the 3 week experimental period.

Animals↗