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Biomedical subjects

M Omar

Publications and source records attributed to M Omar.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The spectrum of colitis associated with lincomycin and clindamycin therapy.

Ten cases of protracted diarrheal illness after the oral administration of lincomycin or clindamycin in standard dosages were observed in previously healthy subjects. An abrupt onset of diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis was observed one to 12 days after discontinuation of the drug. Proctoscopic examination revealed erythematous friable mucosa covered with small raised, yellowish-white plaques that were sometimes confluent. Barium contrast studies of the colon demonstrated irregular shaggy mucosa, ulcerations, cobblestone appearance, and thumb printing. Rectal bipsy showed acute inflammation with pseudomembranes with focal or superficial ulcerations. All patients had a protracted course but recovered with supportive management. Follow-up barium enemas and proctoscopy were done on all patients and were normal. A history of diarrhea, fever, and mucosal changes seen on proctoscopy in a patient who has recently received one of these antibiotics should raise the possibility of colitis associated with clindamycin and lincomycin therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teeth and blood lead levels in Egyptian schoolchildren: relationship to health effects.

The objective of this work was to study teeth and blood lead levels in Egyptian schoolchildren and to relate lead levels to sociodemographic and environmental factors, the degree of urbanization and suspected manifestations of possible lead exposure. The study was conducted on 60 children aged 6-12 years: 30 children living in an urban area at Alexandria City and 30 children living in a rural area at Kafr El-Sheikh Province. Both groups are matched for age and gender. Every child was subjected to history taking, clinical examination and IQ measurements. Laboratory investigations included measuring teeth and blood lead levels, haemoglobin, serum iron and total iron binding capacity. The results showed that the mean blood lead level of children in Alexandria was significantly higher than that of the children in Kafr El-Sheikh; also 56.7% and 6.7% of children from Alexandria and Kafr El-Sheikh had a blood lead level of >20 microg dl(-1), with the most frequent symptoms of headache, arthralgia and lack of school interest. The children in Alexandria had significantly lower mean teeth lead and haemoglobin levels than those of the Kafr El-Sheikh group. A history of wrapping sandwiches in newspapers, age and distance between the home and school were significant predictors of lead exposure. These findings support the concept that teeth lead concentration may be a valid addition to the indicators used for assessment of the body burden of environmental lead. In addition, children living in urban areas such as Alexandria need special consideration regarding protection from lead exposure, as well as teeth and blood lead evaluation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical and toxicity studies of Trichodesma africanum L.

Trichodesma africanum L. (Boraginaceae), a desert plant of Africa and Asia, was found to contain beta-amyrin, beta-methyl oleanate, potassium nitrate and a nitrogen-containing toxin, each producing a notable toxic response when injected in laboratory mice and rats. Muscle contraction and a blood pressure reduction caused by the toxin are described. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, e.g., trichodesmine, present in other Trichodesma species were also identified in the material by tlc and spectrometric methods. These did not, however, produce the acute toxic effects observed for the nonalkaloid compounds mentioned above. beta-Sitosterol and stigmasterol were identified as the principal sterols in the plant.

Alkaloids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and implementation of a semester program in Mexico for senior nursing students.

The College of Nursing (CON), Michigan State University (MSU), in collaboration with the School of Nursing and Obstetrics, University of Guanajuato, Celaya, Mexico, developed a semester-long study-abroad program for senior MSU nursing students offered for the first time in the fall of 1998. The program provides intensive Spanish language classes and allows students to take required nursing courses in Mexico with a substantial amount of course content provided by Mexican faculty without an MSU CON faculty member on site at all times. Students receive a broad perspective of nursing and health care in Mexico, and develop an appreciation for its language and culture as well. This program represents an innovative approach to the development and implementation of a study-abroad program in nursing.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aqueous humor and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in clinical uveitis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the local and systemic behavior of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with active uveitis. METHODS: TNF-alpha levels were measured in aqueous humor and peripheral blood samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 23 patients with uveitis and 16 control patients who had been operated on for uncomplicated cataracts. RESULTS: Aqueous humor and sera of patients with uveitis showed higher levels of TNF-alpha than those of controls (p < 0.001). A comparison of cytokine levels between aqueous humor and sera showed significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha in serum than aqueous humor (p < 0.001). Correlation studies using the regression test for successive steps showed that serum TNF-alpha levels correlated with recurrent uveitis (r = 0.4150; p = 0.0489). CONCLUSIONS: TNF-alpha is a cytokine that participates actively in the pathogenesis of clinical uveitis. Our data emphasize the greater systemic than local participation of TNF-alpha. Finally, an elevated serum TNF-alpha seems to be associated with a recurrent pattern of uveitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interrelationships between systemic hemodynamics, urinary sodium excretion, and renin-angiotensin system in cirrhosis.

We studied the interrelationships between systemic hemodynamics, sodium excretion and the renin-angiotensin system in 28 nonazotemic cirrhotic patients on a sodium restricted diet. Renal hemodynamics were also assessed. The patients were divided into three groups. Group A comprised 9 patients without ascites or edema; group B comprised 8 patients with ascites and relatively high sodium excretion (41.9 +/- 12.9 mmol/day); and group C comprised 11 patients with ascites and very low sodium excretion (4.8 +/- 12.9 mmol/day). There were no significant differences in urine flow, glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow between the three groups of patients, although renin and aldosterone levels were significantly increased in group C. Groups A and B did not differ in hemodynamic parameters and no differences were found between the three groups in heart rate or in plasma volume. Group C, however, showed significantly higher cardiac index and lower arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Plasma volume was inversely related to systemic vascular resistance, and natriuresis correlated significantly with both cardiac index (inversely) and systemic vascular resistance (directly). In addition, renin and aldosterone levels were inversely correlated with both mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. The systemic hemodynamic disturbances in nonazotemic cirrhotics is paralleled by the impairment in sodium homeostasis, suggesting that the decrease in systemic vascular resistance is the primary event leading to hypotension, high cardiac output and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system in these patients.

Adult↗