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Biomedical subjects

M Onozawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Onozawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Successful treatment with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and granulocyte transfusion for severe aplastic anemia with sinusitis.

A 43-year-old woman with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) received anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporin A (CyA) and achieved hematological remission. Although she had maintained hematological remission, the disease relapsed 10 months after arbitrary discontinuance of maintenance therapy with CyA. Resumption of CyA therapy was not effective, and her condition became complicated with progressive sinusitis with bone destruction, which was refractory to antibiotics, antifungal agents, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and surgical drainage. Because of the necessity for early neutrophil recovery (to resolve the infection), we proceeded with a combination therapy using allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) promptly followed by granulocyte transfusion (GTX) from the same human leukocyte antigen-identical donor rather than carrying out a second immunosuppressive therapy. The patient showed temporal resolution of infection on the second day after a single GTX. Although the patient had pneumonia on day 11, it was resolved promptly after engraftment on day 16. This report suggests the clinical utility of a salvage therapy with allogeneic PBSCT followed by GTX in a particular case of recurrent SAA with refractory infections.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Detection and cloning of a protein recognized by anti-human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) antibody in the rat ventral prostate.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a 33 kDa glycoprotein produced in the epithelium of the human prostate, has become established as a useful tumor marker for prostate cancer in man. Since reports of homologous proteins in animals other than primates have been lacking, the present investigation was carried out to identify any PSA-like protein in rats. Immunoblot analysis using a specific monoclonal anti-human PSA antibody detected a 32 kDa immunoreactive protein in the ventral lobe of the rat prostate, but not in other lobes or in other tissues. Positive immunostaining was observed only for the luminal surface of the glandular epithelium and the intraductal fluid in the ventral prostate. Sequence analysis of a cDNA for the rat PSA-like protein, cloned by immunoscreening of an expression cDNA library prepared from the ventral lobe, revealed identity to the rat submaxillary gland S3 kallikrein. Human PSA also belongs to the kallikrein family. Thus, this protein produced in the rat ventral prostate was suggested to be a possible counterpart of human PSA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Promoting effects of antiandrogenic agents on rat ventral prostate carcinogenesis induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB).

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of androgen depletion by 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (eg epristeride), pure antiandrogen (eg casodex) or C17-20 lyase inhibitor (eg YM116) on rat prostate carcinogenesis induced by administration of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB). DMAB was subcutaneously administered on male F344 rats for the first 20 weeks. Epristeride (10 and 50 mg/kg, three times per week), casodex (15 and 30 mg/kg, three times per week) or YM116 (15 and 30 mg/kg, three times per week) were administered orally for 40 consecutive. Then, all accessory sex organs were studied for the formation of neoplastic lesions by histological examination. All carcinoma lesions were produced only in the ventral lobe of the prostate. The incidence of carcinoma developing in the ventral lobe of the prostate was 9.5% in the control group on which DMAB alone was administered, whereas it was 31.6% in the epristeride 10 mg/kg group. 45.0% in the epristeride 50 mg/kg group, 47.8% in the casodex 15 mg/kg group, 63.2% in the casodex 30 mg/kg group, 10.5% in the YM116 15 mg/kg group and 5.0% in the YM116 30 mg/kg group. The incidences of carcinoma in the epristeride 10 mg/kg group, casodex 15 mg/kg group and casodex 30 mg/kg group were significantly higher than that of the control group. In this experimental model, all ventral prostate carcinomas were in situ adenocarcinomas that did not form palpable nodules or distant metastasis. Epristeride and casodex showed a dose-dependent promoting effect on rat ventral prostate carcinogenesis. These results were contradictory to the results of our previous studies; exogenous testosterone in combination with DMAB produced palpable, and metastatic tumors in other portions of accessory sex organs of F344 rats but no carcinoma in ventral prostate, and those invasive carcinomas were significantly inhibited by 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-androgen. The action mechanisms of androgen and the effects of androgen-regulatory drugs on prostate carcinogenesis should be further studied. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2000) 3, 115-119

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Effects of a soybean isoflavone mixture on carcinogenesis in prostate and seminal vesicles of F344 rats.

Several epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between the risk of prostate cancer and intake of soybeans and their products. In vitro data pointing to possible anti-carcinogenic properties of the soybean isoflavone, genistein, led us to investigate the chemopreventive potential of soybean isoflavones in a rat carcinogenesis model induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) and testosterone propionate (TP). Animals received DMAB s.c. injections at 2-week intervals for the first 20 weeks and implanted silicon tubes containing 40 mg of TP, replaced at 6-week intervals throughout the experiment. The soybean isoflavone mixture consisting of 74% genistein and 21% daidzein was mixed in basal diet (AIN-76A) at concentrations of 100 and 400 ppm and fed to F344 male rats throughout the experiment. Rats treated with carcinogens and administered isoflavone mixture at 100 and 400 ppm developed adenocarcinomas at incidences of 35% and 29%, respectively, in the prostate and seminal vesicles, whereas the figure was 60% for those maintained on control diet. Feeding of the isoflavone mixture at 100 and 400 ppm significantly inhibited the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in adenocarcinomas of the accessory sex glands as compared to those of rats fed control diet. No influence on the development of neoplastic lesions originating in other organs was noted. The results of this study provide evidence that soybean isoflavones may have potential as chemopreventive agents against carcinogenesis in the prostate.

Aminobiphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of human tooth structure with the ultrasonic imaging technique.

In recent years, ultrasonic waves have been an interesting subject for studies due to their wide range of applications in medical diagnoses. In this study, the acoustic properties of the structure of human teeth was determined with the ultrasonic imaging technique. This study may offer some fundamental findings related to the clinical application of the ultrasonic imaging technique in the further development of a virtual system for dental education and research. Twenty freshly-extracted permanent human teeth (10 molars and 10 premolars) were used to investigate their acoustic velocity and impedance by the ultrasonic image analyzing system with a high-resolution focusing probe. Additionally, the relationship between the acoustic properties and the hardness of the teeth was evaluated. It was found that the acoustic properties of the human teeth were influenced by factors related to their structure, such as degree of calcification, distribution of dentinal tubules, and volume of the dentin matrix. The acoustic velocity and impedance showed an apparent correspondence to the hardness of tooth. This analyzing system provides visual information related to tooth structure that can easily quantitatively evaluate their acoustic properties. It is expected that this system will have a wide range of applications and be further developed for clinical uses.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1999

[A case of synchronous multifocal urothelial tumors in a patient with phenacetin abuse].

A 79-year-old male with phenacetin abuse was admitted to our University Hospital for treatment of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Intravenous urograpdy and computed tomography revealed synchronous right renal pelvic carcinoma and bladder carcinoma. Right nephroureterectomy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) were performed. Histologically, right renal pelvic tumor and bladder tumor were both transitional cell carcinomas of grade 2, pT1, and grade 1 = 2, Ta, respectively. Additionally, pathological examination revealed two distal ureteral tumors, which were transitional cell carcinomas of grade 2, pTa. He also had a history of heavy tobacco-smoking (20 cigarettes per day for 50 years). We discuss the relationship between transitional cell carcinoma and phenacetin abuse as well as the influence of tobacco-smoking, and review the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

A five-alpha reductase inhibitor or an antiandrogen prevents the progression of microscopic prostate carcinoma to macroscopic carcinoma in rats.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to elucidate the prophylactic effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (e.g., finasteride) and a pure antiandrogen (e.g., casodex) on rat prostate carcinogenesis and to determine whether latent prostate carcinoma can be prevented to develop to clinically significant cancer by use of these drugs. METHODS: F344 rats were subcutaneously administered 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) for the first 20 weeks and testosterone propionate throughout the 60-week study. Finasteride (5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, 2 times per week) and casodex (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg, 3 times per week) were administered orally during the last 40 weeks of the study. Tumors were classified as visible prostate carcinoma when they could be recognized with the naked eye and as microscopic prostate carcinoma when detectable only with a microscope. RESULTS: The incidence of visible prostate carcinoma was 51% (18 of 35 rats) in the positive control group, whereas it was 40% (4 of 10 rats) in the finasteride 5 mg/kg group, 16.7% (2 of 12 rats, P = 0.0091) in the finasteride 15 mg/kg group, 20% (4 of 20 rats, P = 0.05) in the casodex 15 mg/kg group, 14.3% (3 of 21 rats, P = 0.0008) in the casodex 30 mg/kg group, and 0% (0 of 11 rats, P = 0.0002) in the casodex 60 mg/kg group. On the other hand, when visible carcinomas and microscopic carcinomas were handled together, only casodex 60 mg/kg significantly inhibited the carcinogenesis rate. CONCLUSIONS: Finasteride achieved dose-dependent inhibition of macroscopic rat prostate carcinogenesis, and casodex also inhibited macroscopic prostate carcinogenesis. However, both drugs showed insufficient prevention of carcinogenesis at the microscopic level. These findings indicate that, in clinical medicine as well, such drugs may also be able to prevent the progression of latent prostate carcinoma to life-threatening disease.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1998

p53 and p21(WAF1) expression in lymphocytic thyroiditis and thyroid tumors.

To clarify the roles of increased apoptosis and cell proliferation in chronic autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis and thyroid tumorigenesis, expression of p53 and p21(WAF1) proteins was immunohistochemically investigated in a series of 158 cases. Positive epithelial cells were quantified to give numbers per unit square and to score for distribution. They were found scattered in nontumorous thyroid tissue, their numbers increasing with the severity of thyroiditis and the correlation between expression of the two proteins, regardless of the presence or absence of thyroid neoplasms. Simultaneous expression of both proteins was occasionally found in the same cells by analysis of serial histologic sections. In thyroid tumors, increased expression was found to be diffuse, focal, or scattered for the distribution of p53- or p21(WAF1)-immunopositive cells in accordance with tumor cell dedifferentiation, showing significant correlation between expression of the two proteins. Correlated with these findings, enhanced apoptosis along with decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Ki-67 labeling in lymphocytic thyroiditis and thyroid tumors was also confirmed in the same series, using in situ DNA nick-end labeling and immunohistochemical methods. Increased expression of p53 and/or p21(WAF1) proteins was thus suggestive of possible DNA damage and increased apoptosis in autoimmune thyroiditis. In addition, a significant correlation between protein overexpression and dedifferentiation of thyroid tumor cells was apparent.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1998

Effects of soybean isoflavones on cell growth and apoptosis of the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have suggested that soybean isoflavones are associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms of prostate cancer prevention by soybean isoflavones have yet to be fully clarified. METHODS: Two soybean isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and their glucosides (genistin and daidzin) were tested for their effects on cell growth and apoptosis of the LNCaP human prostatic cancer cell line. RESULTS: Among these isoflavones, genistein was found to inhibit the growth of LNCaP most effectively, with an IC50 value of 40 microM. The inhibition of cell growth by genistein was accompanied by the suppression of DNA synthesis and the induction of apoptosis. Expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP was also significantly reduced by the treatment with genistein. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that genistein might primarily influence human prostate cancer development by reducing tumor growth.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1996

Structure and antigenicity of the mannans of Candida famata and Candida saitoana: comparative study with the mannan of Candida guilliermondii.

The chemical structure of the mannans of antigenic factor 9-expressing yeast, Candida famata and Candida saitoana, was analyzed by acetolysis and NMR. The structural study of the oligosaccharides and mannans using one- and two-dimensional NMR indicated that the mannan of C. saitoana contains a third type of beta-1,2-linked mannose unit. On the other hand, the mannan of C. famata does not contain any beta-1,2-linked mannose units. The mannan of C. saitoana gave two groups of beta-1,2 linkage-containing oligosaccharides by acetolysis. One contains one beta-1,2-linked mannose unit and the other contains two consecutive beta-1,2-linked mannose units at the nonreducing terminal. The inhibition of the reactivity of factor 9 serum on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with these oligosaccharides indicated that the inhibition activity of the former oligosaccharide is 1/20 of that of the latter ones. The ELISA of the mannans of Candida guilliermondii, C. saitoana, and Saccharomyces kluyveri, all of which contain the third type of beta-1,2-linked mannose unit, indicated that Man(beta)1--> 2Man(beta)1-->2Man(alpha)1-->3Man(alpha)1-->works as the antigenic factor 9 but Man(beta)1-->2Man(alpha)1-->3Man(alpha)1--> weakly behaves as both antigenic factors 6 and 9. The epitope structures of the side chain oligosaccharides agreed well with that proposed from the 2D-HOHAHA spectra of the mannans. This result demonstrates the usefulness of the H-1 - H-2-correlated cross-peak pattern, which was reported in a preceding paper (Shibata, N., Akagi, R., Hosoya, T., Kawahara, K., Suzuki, A., Ikuta, K., Kobayashi, H., Hisamichi, K., Okawa, Y., and Suzuki, S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9259-9266) for the determination of the epitope structure of Candida mannans without any chemical fragmentation.

Acetic Acid↗