Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Oprescu.
It is described the physiology and physiopathology of the precorneal tear film; the maintaining of the transparency and integrity of the cornea's superficial stratum depends on it. The changes of quality and quality of the tear film determine the appearance of some corneal and conjunctival diseases.
It is presented the examination of a child of 6 months old with microcephaly, delay in the psychomotor development, cerebral calcifications hepatosplenomegaly, sequellae of the chronic congenital Toxoplasma. The child has a bilateral cicatrised macular chorioretinopathy with sistagnus and divergent strabismus at the left eye. The clinical aspects of the chronic congenital postencephalitic toxoplasma is so clear for the oculist.
In experiments performed on rats, single subcutaneous doses of predominantly antiadrenergic neuroleptics (thioridazine, propericiazine) significantly depressed the preovulatory serum LH surge. On the contrary, predominantly antidopaminergic drugs (pimozide and in lesser extent thiethylperazine) elevated the circulating LH levels, and reduced pituitary LH content. FSH titers were not altered significantly (excepting by thioridazine). All the neuroleptics increased serum prolactin. The present results, in conjunction with our previous data obtained on the estrous cycle, suggest a stimulatory role of norepinephrine/epinephrine in LH-RH secretion and an inhibitory action of dopamine on the same process. In our experiments only the predominantly antidopaminergic drugs had a pseudopregnancy-inducing effect, which not only elevated PRL levels, but also allowed (rather increased) preovulatory LH surge, and the subsequent development of new corpora lutea. The lack of pseudopregnancy after predominantly antiadrenergic neuroleptics may be attributed mainly to their antiovulatory action preventing the development of fresh corpora lutea.
In the Brattleboro strain of rats, the genetic defect in vasopressin synthesis seems to be accompanied by a defect in the synthesis of other structurally related nonapeptides, such as the pineal arginine vasotocin which has antigonadotropic properties in animals. It was therefore tempting to investigate gonadotropin secretion in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI rats).
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The influence of melatonin (MEL)-free pineal extract on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied comparatively with that of MEL. Administration of pineal extract to rats, 3 days running, was found to induce a statistically significant decrease of serum LH and FSH. This effect was also demonstrated by the biological tests used, namely, a decrease in weight of both rat ventral prostate (anti-LH activity) and mouse uterus (anti-FSH activity). MEL administered for 3 days, in doses of 1 microgram/day in the ventral prostate weight test or of 10 microgram in the uterine weight test, failed to induce comparable effects. The identity of the pineal substances responsible for the anti-gonadotropic activity of the pineal gland is discussed.
The authors examined 46 male patients with alcoholic disease and 10 healthy ones, aged from 20 to 50. The LTH dosing is performed by radioimmunologic method with double antibodies. A significant LTH decrease was found in the alcoholic male patients, as compared with the healthy control ones, convincingly speaking of the LTH affection in chronic alcoholism. The absence of discrepancy in LTH level in patients with and without sexual disorders gave grounds to the authors to persume that that hormone has not a definite participation in the sexual disturbances origination in alcoholism.
A method of in vitro perfusion of isolated rat pancreas in a closed circuit is presented. The surgical procedure was slightly modified as compared to the methods published by others the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries being fixed with tubings for the arterial inflow and the portal vein for the venous outflow. When the attached duodenum is perfused too, it is possible to study both the pancreatic and duodenal excretion. The perfusion of the pancreatic tissue was made with the aid of original equipment. The secretion of insulin into the perfusion fluid after the administration of glucose was measured by radioimmunoassay and a rapid increase of insulin level was found. This observation together with several histological aspects were considered to show the unimpaired viability of tissue.
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