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Biomedical subjects

M Orlando

Publications and source records attributed to M Orlando.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Anastomosis or closure of the pancreatic stump after duodenopancreatectomy?].

From 1986 to June 1990, 10 pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed in our Department (VIII Patologia Chirurgica, Università "La Sapienza", Roma). The reconstructive sequence was based on the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis (2 end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomies after invagination, 3 end-to-side Wirsung jejunostomies) in 5 patients. The pancreatic stump was sutured using a 50mm linear stapler in the remaining 5 patients. There was a high incidence (75%) of fistulization after direct suture of the pancreatic stump, although related mortality was null. Among patients treated with pancreaticojejunal anastomosis, a fistula on the end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy with exitus of the patient, was registered in 1 case. On principle, we believe a end-to-side Wirsung jejunostomy should be performed after pancreaticoduodenectomy. When a safe anastomosis of the pancreatic stump cannot be performed (because of the soft parenchyma, easily lacerable) the technique of the direct suture with stapler is advisable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Reconstructive microsurgery].

Progress in microsurgery has been accomplished by the technical improvements of the operative microscope and other delicate surgical instruments. Therefore, even small arteries as well as female tuba and male deferens, either presenting mechanical obstruction or a section, can be reconstructed. The same procedure may be applied in case of nerve injuries. Since Microsurgery was born, it has been employed in different medical fields offering lately good chances in sterility. Furthermore, microsurgical techniques offer a great support to Plastic Surgery. In fact, it is possible to repair wide tissue damages of the skin, muscles or bones using free flaps. The percentage of success of this Surgery increased the overall percentage obtained in General Surgery. Therefore a close multidisciplinary relation between the different Medical fields is absolutely required for a correct application of microsurgical techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Arrhythmogenic age-related effects of lysophosphatidylcholine in the rat heart.

Ventricular arrhythmias are the most common cause of death among patients with coronary artery disease; this is more evident in the elderly, who tend to have more severe coronary artery disease and age-dependent modifications of cardiac electrophysiology. Lysophosphoglycerides, which accumulate in the ischemic myocardium, are responsible for oscillatory after-potentials and may contribute to the development of ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (5 x 10(-5) M) in the absence or presence of epinephrine (10(-6) M) in isolated, perfused hearts from adult (6-12 months old) and senescent (24 months old) rats. Rat hearts (30/group) were randomly divided into four groups each of which included hearts of 6, 12 and 24-month old rats. The groups comprised a control group, a group treated with epinephrine, a group treated with lysophosphatidylcholine and a group treated with both epinephrine and lysophosphatidylcholine. Analysis of arrhythmias indicated a linear correlation between epinephrine- and lysophosphatidylcholine-induced ventricular arrhythmias and age. The incidence of arrhythmias was higher in the hearts treated with epinephrine and lysophosphatidylcholine together than in those treated with either substance separately (p less than 0.01). The results indicate that age influences the arrhythmogenic action of lysophosphatidylcholine, and that epinephrine contributes to this effect.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methyl-glycerophospholipids with potential antitumor activity.

Some synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipid analogs have been described as a new class of immunopotentiating and antitumor agents. Among them, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine has been reported to possess the highest antitumor activity. A new method for the synthesis of this compound and of the ethanolamine- and serine-containing analog is reported. 1-Alkyl-2-methyl-rac-glycerol, prepared from 1,2-isopropylidene-glycerol, is phosphorylated and the intermediate is condensed either with N-t-BOC-protected ethanolamine or with N-t-BOC-protected serine benzhydryl ester. The choline-derivative is obtained by methylation with CH3I of the ethanolamine derivative. The same synthetic sequence has been used also for synthesizing compounds unsaturated at the fatty alkyl chain in position 1 of the glycerol moiety. Preliminary observation are reported on the selective cytolytic action of the compounds on a tumor cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Action of magnesium salts on the toxic effects of calcium overload in the isolated and perfused rat heart].

The toxic effect of calcium overload and the action of magnesium sulfate (4 mM) and magnesium chloride (4 mM) on heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and voltage epicardial electrogram were studied in the isolated and perfused rat heart. Increasing calcium load by increasing [Ca]o from 1 to 6 mM we observed a progressive increase in heart rate coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and a decrease in voltage epicardial electrogram. During the exposure to [Ca]o 8 mM the toxic manifestations of calcium overload developed and we observed a reduction in heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max and an increase in voltage epicardial electrogram. Magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride had similar effect: in fact, in both procedures we observed a decrease in heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dt max, voltage epicardial electrogram and an increase in coronary flow rate at [Ca]o 2 mM. When magnesium salts were administered at the same time as the heart was exposed to [Ca]o 8 mM, we observed a reduction in the toxic effect of calcium overload. When magnesium salts were administered after the appearance of the calcium overload, they did not revert the toxic effect of calcium overload but prevented the insurgence of cardiac standstill. Thus, in the isolated perfused rat heart, the toxic manifestations of calcium overload develop at [Ca]o 8 mM and magnesium salts are able to reduce the toxic effects of calcium overload and the appearance of cardiac standstill according to their calcium-antagonism mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Factor VII in subjects at risk for thromboembolism: activation or increased synthesis?

In this study the preliminary results obtained by investigating factor VII antigen and activity in 38 subjects with arterial disease of the extremities are reported. The antigen determination (VII:Ag) was performed by using an inhibitor neutralization assay; factor VII activity (VII:C) was determined by one-stage assay with human factor VII artificially depleted plasma. All the patients showed increased levels of VII:C and VII:Ag compared to the reference population (p less than 0.001). There is a significant correlation between VII:C and VII:Ag (r = 0.47), but the ratio VII:C/VII:Ag is slightly increased. Our results confirm that elevated levels of factor VII are present in patients with tendency to thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Carrier detection in factor VII congenital deficiency.

Thirty obligate and 28 possible carriers of factor VII congenital deficiency, belonging to 16 families, were studied in relation to the immunological variants to which the kindreds belonged, namely, VII+, VIIR and VII-. Factor VII activity and antigen determinations in these subjects formed two phenotypical patterns: a discrepant pattern characterized by a low ratio activity/antigen present in VII+ heterozygotes, and a non-discrepant pattern (normal ratio activity/antigen) which is present in the VII- and VIIR variants. In the first genetic variant the detection of carriers can be performed using the ratio VII:C/VII:Ag. In the other variant, which accounts for the vast majority of heterozygotes, the distribution of the carriers' factor VII is so widespread that a large overlap results between these subjects and the normals. The application of a probabilistic calculation performed by combining the actual values of factor VII:C and the genetic probability of carriership using Fisher's linear discriminant analysis, makes discrimination between carriers and normals easier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intragenic Factor IX restriction site polymorphism in hemophilia B variants.

This study includes 47 normal subjects and 25 hemophilia B patients without inhibitor(s), showing different factor IX coagulant activity and antigen levels. Genomic DNA, digested with various restriction endonucleases, was hybridized with two different factor IX probes, ie, the cDNA and the subgenomic probe for the intragenic TaqI polymorphic site. cDNA restriction patterns suggest absence of gross rearrangements and/or deletions in all hemophilic patients. The frequency of the X chromosome bearing the TaqI polymorphic site is 0.32 +/- 0.09 in hemophilic subjects v 0.36 +/- 0.06 in normal control subjects, the latter value being comparable to that reported for the normal British population. No association between this polymorphism and hemophilia B variants has been observed, thus indicating that a wide spectrum of mutations underlies this blood-clotting disorder and particularly each of its variants.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella elegans in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Cunninghamella elegans was cultured from autopsy materials of the infected lung of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The histologic sections revealed extensive growth of nonseptate, broad hyphae in and about the large and small arteries and veins, occluding the vessels. This case is believed to be the second in which human infection by C. elegans has been documented.

Fungi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of flecainide acetate on reperfusion- and barium-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the isolated perfused rat heart.

Flecainide acetate is a new antiarrhythmic drug which suppresses different kinds of experimental arrhythmias. We studied the efficacy of flecainide acetate on reperfusion- and barium-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the isolated perfused rat heart by monitoring heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, dp/dtmax, and the voltage of the epicardial electrogram. Seventy-five male rats were randomized into 5 groups. In group I, after a 15 min period of stabilization, hearts were perfused by ischemic perfusion and then reperfused. In group II, flecainide acetate (10(-6) M) was given after stabilization and before ischaemic perfusion. In group III, barium chloride (10(-3) M) was given after stabilization. In group IV, flecainide acetate was given after stabilization and before barium chloride administration. In group V, acetylcholine chloride (10(-6) M) was given after stabilization and before barium chloride administration. In group I, we noted during ischemia a reduction in heart rate, coronary flow rate, left ventricular systolic pressure and dp/dtmax and an increase in the voltage of the epicardial electrogram. In group II, after administration of flecainide acetate, we observed a reduction in heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure and dp/dtmax; during the ischaemic period there was no difference in these parameters with respect to group I. Reperfusion induced ventricular arrhythmias in 12 out of 15 hearts in group I and in only 3 out of 15 in group II (p less than 0.005). Barium induced ventricular arrhythmias in the 15 hearts studied in group III as well as in group IV. On the contrary, acetylcholine chloride in group V prevented the occurrence of barium-induced ventricular arrhythmias (p less than 0.005 vs group III and IV). Thus, flecainide acetate is able to reduce reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias, but is unable to reduce barium-induced ventricular arrhythmias, presumably because of a different mechanism of these two types of arrhythmias.

Animals↗