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Biomedical subjects

M Osano

Publications and source records attributed to M Osano.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A T-cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a near-triploid karyotype].

A 16 year-old boy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was reported. Although Hodgkin's disease was suspected by the presence of Reed-Sternberg-like cells and lacunar cells histologically, a diagnosis of NHL was made because of atypism and monoclonality of the background's cells as well as the morphology of invasive cells in the bone marrow. The tumor cells expressed, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5 and CD7 antigens, which corresponded to the phenotype of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes. In the analysis of their karyotypes, 16 out of 24 cells revealed normal karyotype, while all the rest showed near-triploidy. Common abnormality was identified as trisomies of No. 1, 3, 5, 16, 21 chromosomes, tetrasomies of No. 10, 19, 20 chromosomes, and 4q+, 7q+, 14p+. Multimodal chemotherapy was successful to induce the patient promptly into complete remission. He has been free from the disease for approximately 12 months. Thus far, triploid clones in hematopoietic malignancies have rarely been described. More importantly, the appearance of them in pediatric lymphoid neoplasms has not yet been reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Monocytic crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report].

We report a 17-year-old female with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who developed monocytic crisis. She was diagnosed as chronic phase of Ph1-chromosome positive CML at 14 years old. Three years after the diagnosis of the disease, she was admitted to the hospital because of low grade fever, lethargy and marked splenomegaly. Small dose of Ara-C relieved her symptoms and splenomegaly. Six months later, however, a marked leukocytosis over 70,000/microliters were observed, and the peripheral blood smear disclosed that about 80% of the leukocytes were relatively mature monocytoid cells. Chromosomal analysis revealed additional abnormalities (double Ph1, +8, +9, +19). Lysozyme levels in serum and urine were high and NAP score was elevated. These monocytoid cells expressed receptors for IgG-Fc and C3, phagocytic activity, and monocytoid antigens which were determined by monoclonal antibodies (MY4, Mo2, OKM5). Cytochemically, almost all of monocytoid cells were positive for peroxidase and naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase (CAE), but the monocytoid cells positive for non-specific esterase were limited. These data suggested that this case was monocytic crisis in CML with proliferation of CAE positive monocytoid cells. Among several types of blast crisis, monocytic crisis is extremely rare condition. The definite monocytic crisis demonstrated by this case may support the hypothesis that target cells of CML are pluripotent hematopoietic precursors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Biphenotypic leukemia in childhood--analysis of 19 cases].

The leukemic cells of 19 patients (pts) out of 180 children with acute leukemia expressed both CD 19 (B 4) and CD 13 (MY 7) antigens. These biphenotypic leukemias (BiL) were divided into 3 groups on the basis of clinical features, antigen profiles and karyotypes. GroupI pts (N = 6) were infants under one year of age with high initial white blood cell (WBC) count over 200,000/microliters. The blasts of this group did not express CD 10 (J 5) antigen. In 4 of these pts, the blasts initially did not express CD 13 antigen, however, they became strongly positive after short-term culture without stimulation. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a breakpoint at 11 q 23. Group 11 pts (N = 6) were often school age and had a high WBC count over 100,000/microliters and CD 10 positive blasts. The blasts of 4 pts did not express CD 13 antigen until short-term culture. Cytogenetic marker was Ph1 chromosome. Group III pts (N = 7) were often preschool age and the WBC count was lower than that of other groups. The blasts expressed CD 10 antigen with normal karyotypes or various karyotype abnormalities. Prognosis of pts with BiL was more poor than that of CD 13- common ALL, and among 3 groups survival of Group I and II was significantly shorter than that of group III. This study suggests that childhood BiL represents heterogeneous leukemias. It is important to distinguish BiL in childhood acute leukemia and further divide into the groups in order to establish an adequate therapy for prognostically poor BiL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Increased cytosol aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum originating from lymphocytes in measles and rubella infection.

We determined cytosol aminopeptidase (c-AP; EC 3.4.11.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in serum; these enzymes are known to originate from lymphocytes in patients with measles and rubella. In patients with measles (n = 19), both enzyme levels increased markedly with the onset of rash: mean (+/- SD) c-AP was 269.7 +/- 103.5 U/L and LDH was 1149.5 +/- 255.2 U/L. In patients with rubella, activities of both enzymes increased mildly: c-AP (n = 18) was 81.6 +/- 24.4 U/L and LDH (n = 13) was 674.0 +/- 168.8 U/L. Increased c-AP and LDH levels in patients with measles and rubella presumably originate from the destruction of infected, activated lymphocytes, especially T lymphocytes.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

Suppressive effect of macrophages on interferon-gamma production by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Lymphocytes obtained from non-immune individuals produced no IFN. IFN-gamma was produced by T cells obtained from immune individuals, and the helper/inducer T cells produced two- to sixfold higher titer of IFN-gamma than the suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The addition of macrophages in T cell cultures suppressed the production of IFN-gamma; this differs from the previous result wherein the addition of macrophages enhanced the production of IFN-gamma, when stimulated with mumps virus or measles virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on the use of ceftizoxime in premature and newborn infants. The Chemotherapy Research Group for Mother and Child].

A pharmacokinetic and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX), a newly developed cephem antibiotic intended for parenteral use, was conducted in premature and newborn infants, and resulted in the following findings. 1. Pharmacokinetics (1) Average serum half-lives (T 1/2) following a one shot intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg of CZX to mature and premature newborn infants in age groups of 0-3, 4-7, 8-14, and 15-30 days were: 4.14, 3.01, 2.57, and 1.98 hours (for mature infants) and 5.26, 4.59, 3.71, and 2.64 hours (for premature infants), respectively, decreasing with ages in days of the infants. (2) Average T 1/2's after a one shot 10 mg/kg dose was similar to that after a 20 mg/kg dose. Serum concentrations of CZX were dose-dependent. (3) T 1/2 after 1-hour intravenous drip infusion revealed a same trend after one shot injection. (4) Urinary in the first approximately 6 hours recoveries following a 20 mg/kg one shot dose to mature and premature newborn infants were as follows: 35% (0-3 days old) and 45-55% (4 days old and older) in mature infants and 30% (0-3 days old) and 45% (4 days old and older) in premature infants. 2. Therapeutic effectiveness (1) The subjects examined were 112 newborn infants consisting of 83 with infections and 29 who received CZX for prophylaxis. The 83 infants had 86 cases of infections, which were classified as A, when the causative organisms were identified and as B, when the causative organisms were not identified. Rates of therapeutic effectiveness were 95.0% for group A and 95.7% for group B. Bacteriological effectiveness were studied on 41 strains isolated from group A, and were as high as 89.5% for Gram-positive organisms and 95.5% for Gram-negative organisms. The rate of successful prophylaxis for the 29 infants was 96.6%. (2) Side effects did not occur among the 120 newborn infants. Laboratory tests with abnormalities included leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increased GOT or GPT. These pharmacodynamic and clinical findings have fully substantiated the satisfactory therapeutic usefulness of CZX in both the treatment and prevention of neonatal infections in the usual dose of 20 mg/kg, which is to be given b.i.d. for infants up to 3 days old; b.i.d. or t.i.d. for infants 4 to 7 days old, and t.i.d. or q.i.d. for infants 8 days old and older. The drug can be given in a daily dose as high as 120 mg/kg when infection is severe.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in the perinatal period. The Chemotherapy Research Group for Mothers and Children].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime (CZX) in the perinatal period gave the following results: 1. Peak concentrations of CZX in the maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid in mothers after one intravenous injection of 1 g were, respectively, 70.2 micrograms/ml at 0 hour; 15.7 micrograms/ml at 0.5 hour; and 10-30 micrograms/ml at 3-6 hours. Concentrations of CZX in the neonatal serum were 0.87-13.5 micrograms/ml during 6-14 hours after parturition. The mean concentration of CZX in the milk in 1-8 hours after injection was less than 0.32-0.52 microgram/ml. 2. Good or excellent clinical efficacy was obtained in 28 of the 29 patients with perinatal infections, with an efficacy rate of 96.6%. Prophylactic effectiveness was obtained in 14 of the 15 patients, with an efficacy rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed in 44 cases. GOT and GPT values increased slightly in 1 patient. No abnormal values in total serum bilirubin or other parameters were found in any neonates after parturition. 4. The above results suggest that CZX is safe and effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of infection in the perinatal period.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates].

Clinical pharmacology and clinical efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a beta-lactam antibiotic with a carbapenem nucleus and a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, were investigated in newborns. 1. Peak serum concentrations of IPM/CS at a dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg were achieved at the end of 60-minute infusion. Maximum serum levels of IPM and CS were 44.2 micrograms/ml and 70.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, in neonates with ages 0-3 days. IPM and CS peak levels in premature infants with ages 0-3 days were 47.2 micrograms/ml and 56.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. IPM and CS peak levels in neonates 4 day-old or older were 35.0 micrograms/ml and 41.5 micrograms/ml, respectively, and in premature infants of similar ages were 45.7 micrograms/ml and 65.3 micrograms/ml, respectively. 2. Mean serum half-lives of IPM and CS in 0-3 day-old neonates were 1.6 hours and 3.1 hours, respectively, and the mean serum half-lives in premature infants were 2.1 hours and 4.6 hours, respectively. In neonates 4 day-old or older, the mean serum half-lives of IPM and CS were 1.6 hours and 2.6 hours, respectively, and in premature infants they were 1.5 hours and 1.9 hours, respectively. 3. A dose response was evident between doses of 10 mg/10 mg/kg and 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM and CS. 4. Urinary recovery rates of IPM for the 0- to 6-hour post IPM/CS infusion period ranged between 27.2 and 46.6%. For CS, urinary recovery rates for the 0- to 6-hour post IPM/CS infusion period ranged between 25.3 and 100.8%. 5. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 9 patients and 7 patients showed excellent or good responses. 6. Of 14 patients who received IPM/CS treatment, 1 patient showed hematuria, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and 3 patients showed eosinophilia. However, these adverse reactions improved after the completion of therapy. 7. IPM has excellent antimicrobial activity against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, coadministration of IPM and CS produced good clinical responses and no serious adverse reactions. It is hence concluded that IPM/CS sodium is very useful for the treatment of severe bacterial infections in neonates, especially in the presence of beta-lactamase resistant strains and in polymicrobial infections.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

[Studies on plasma levels and clinical efficacy of rokitamycin in pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), a new macrolide antibiotic, were carried out. RKM was administered orally to 14 patients with congenital heart diseases before cardiocatheterization and angiography. Peak plasma levels of RKM were observed at 30 minutes after the administration at dosages of 5, 10, 15 mg/kg. Although the reason is not clear, there were great variations among plasma levels. Peak plasma levels of patients with relatively good absorption were high enough against bacteria such as beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinical responses were evaluated in 5 children comprising 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, 2 cases of Chlamydia infection and 1 case of beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis. All of these cases had excellent or good responses without any side effect. Furthermore, no child refused to take RKM dry syrup.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations on ceftriaxone in neonates and premature infants].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was clinically evaluated and its pharmacokinetics studied in neonates and premature infants, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Average blood levels of CTRX after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg in 3 neonates with birth weights of 2,500 g or more were 45.32 mcg/ml at 15 minutes, 28.91 mcg/ml at 1 hour, 15.76 mcg/ml at 6 hours, and 16.28 mcg/ml at 12 hours, and the half-life was 9.93 hours. The half-life in a newly born premature infant (less than 1 day) was 28.90 hours, and in a premature infant 6 days old it was 12.90 hours. 2. Average blood levels after intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg to 2 neonates aged 0 and 3 days with birth weights of 2,500 g or more, were 129.7 mcg/ml at 15 minutes, 60.94 mcg/ml at 1 hour, 32.04 mcg/ml at 6 hours, and 24.23 mcg/ml at 12 hours, and the half-life was 8.95 hours. The half-life in a newly born premature infant (less than 1 day) was 20.70 hours. 3. Urinary recovery rates of CTRX in 12 hours after intravenous administration of 10 or 20 mg/kg to 6 neonates aged 0 to 3 days (including premature infants) ranged from 13.8 to 50.6%. 4. Clinical efficacies of CTRX were excellent or good in 3 of 4 neonates including infants suspected of having infections (efficacy rate: 75%). 5. As a side effect, diarrhea was noted in 1 case.

Bacterial Infections↗