'I had lost all joy and hope'.
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Denial, Psychological↗
Biomedical subjects
M Osmond
Publications and source records attributed to M Osmond.
An advisory statement from the Pediatric Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), with representation from North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and South America, was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between resuscitation organizations in the developed world. This consensus document on resuscitation extends previously published ILCOR advisory statements on resuscitation to address the unique and changing physiology of the newly born infant within the first few hours after birth and the techniques for providing advanced life support. After careful review of the international resuscitation literature and after discussion of key and controversial issues, consensus was reached on almost all aspects of neonatal resuscitation, and areas of controversy and high priority for additional research were delineated. Consensus on resuscitation for the newly born infant included the following principles: Personnel trained in the basic skills of resuscitation should be in attendance at every delivery. A minority (fewer than 10%) of newly born infants require active resuscitative interventions to establish a vigorous cry and regular respirations, maintain a heart rate > 100 beats per minute (bpm), and maintain good color and tone. When meconium is present in the amniotic fluid, it should be suctioned from the hypopharynx on delivery of the head. If the meconium-stained newly born infant has absent or depressed respirations, heart rate, or muscle tone, residual meconium should be suctioned from the trachea. Attention to ventilation should be of primary concern. Assisted ventilation with attention to oxygen delivery, inspiratory time, and effectiveness judged by chest rise should be provided if stimulation does not achieve prompt onset of spontaneous respirations and/or the heart rate is < 100 bpm. Chest compressions should be provided if the heart rate is absent or remains < 60 bpm despite adequate assisted ventilation for 30 seconds. Chest compressions should be coordinated with ventilations at a ratio of 3:1 and a rate of 120 "events" per minute to achieve approximately 90 compressions and 30 rescue breaths per minute. Epinephrine should be administered intravenously or intratracheally if the heart rate remains < 60 bpm despite 30 seconds of effective assisted ventilation and chest compression circulation. Common or controversial medications (epineprine, volume expansion, naloxone, bicarbonate), special resuscitation circumstances affecting care of the newly born, continuing care of the newly born after resuscitation, and ethical considerations for initiation and discontinuation of resuscitation are discussed. There was agreement that insufficient data exist to recommend changes to current guidelines regarding the use of 21% versus 100% oxygen, neuroprotective interventions such as cerebral hypothermia, use of a laryngeal mask versus endotracheal tube, and use of high-dose epinephrine. Areas of controversy are identified, as is the need for additional research to improve the scientific justification of each component of current and future resuscitation guidelines.
Environment↗
ILCOR advisory statement: resuscitation of the newly born infant. An advisory statement from the pediatric working group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Resuscitation of the newly born infant: an advisory statement from the Pediatric Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), with representation from North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and South America, was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between resuscitation organizations in the developed world. This consensus document on resuscitation extends previously published ILCOR advisory statements on resuscitation to address the unique and changing physiology of the newly born infant within the first few hours following birth and the techniques for providing advanced life support.
Delivery Rooms↗
An advisory statement from the Pediatric Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), with representation from North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and South America, was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between resuscitation organizations in the developed world. This consensus document on resuscitation extends previously published ILCOR advisory statements on resuscitation to address the unique and changing physiology of the newly born infant within the first few hours after birth and the techniques for providing advanced life support. After careful review of the international resuscitation literature and after discussion of key and controversial issues, consensus was reached on almost all aspects of neonatal resuscitation, and areas of controversy and high priority for additional research were delineated. Consensus on resuscitation for the newly born infant included the following principles: Common or controversial medications (epinephrine, volume expansion, naloxone, bicarbonate), special resuscitation circumstances affecting care of the newly born, continuing care of the newly born after resuscitation, and ethical considerations for initiation and discontinuation of resuscitation are discussed. There was agreement that insufficient data exist to recommend changes to current guidelines regarding the use of 21% versus 100% oxygen, neuroprotective interventions such as cerebral hypothermia, use of a laryngeal mask versus endotracheal tube, and use of high-dose epinephrine. Areas of controversy are identified, as is the need for additional research to improve the scientific justification of each component of current and future resuscitation guidelines.
Documentation↗
Cell death in cranial neural crest development.
The rhombencephalic neural crest, crucial to the patterning and development of many craniofacial structures, migrates laterally from the dorsal hindbrain, but not as a continuous sheet. We have used a vital dye to demonstrate a discontinuous pattern of cell death in the dorsal midline of the avian rhombencephalon associated with the migration of the neural crest. Whilst cell death commences in the dorsal midline of the presumptive mesencephalon at stage 8, two distinct domains of cell death are apparent in the rhombencephalon by stage 11. The rostral domain lies over primary rhombomere RhA1 and rhombomere rh3, while the caudal domain occurs on the neural midline between the otic vesicles, in the region of rh5. Using a marker for the neural crest, we show that the rostral and caudal domains of cell death correlate with the absence of neural crest migration from rh3 and rh5. Thus segment-specific cell death in the dorsal region of particular rhombomeres may account for their subsequent failure to contribute to the cranial neural crest.
Animals↗
A segmented pattern of cell death during development of the chick embryo.
During the early development of the chick embryo, specific groups of cells die in characteristic patterns. In this study, Nile Blue sulphate staining was used to reveal a novel pattern of segmentally repeated cell death in the paraxial mesoderm of the chick prior to stage 23. This pattern varies according to the developmental stage of the embryo and shifts rostrocaudally, corresponding to progressing somite differentiation. Initially, during early somite differentiation, cell death is restricted to the rostral half of the somite (the rostral pattern of cell death). After the somite has differentiated into dermomyotome and sclerotome, dead cells appear in superficial tissues in a pyramidal pattern which lies in register (rostrocaudally) with the central part of the sclerotome. Finally, small bands of dying cells are seen between the neural tube and the expanding sclerotome. This third pattern (the ventral path) lies in register with the rostral part of the caudal half of the sclerotome. We show by fluorescent labelling of the migrating neural crest that these patterns of cell death correspond to the routes of neural crest migration. In addition, serial sectioning of stage 23 chick embryos confirms that the position of dying cells correlates with the known routes of neural crest migration and with the sites of development of certain neural crest-derived tissues.
Animals↗
Resuscitation of the newly born infant: an advisory statement from the Pediatric Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), with representation from North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and South America, was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between resuscitation organizations in the developed world. This consensus document on resuscitation extends previously published ILCOR advisory statements on resuscitation to address the unique and changing physiology of the newly born infant within the first few hours following birth and the techniques for providing advanced life support. After careful review of the international resuscitation literature and after discussion of key and controversial issues, consensus was reached on almost all aspects of neonatal resuscitation, and areas of controversy and high priority for additional research were delineated. Consensus on resuscitation for the newly. born infant included the following principles. (i) Personnel trained in the basic skills of resuscitation should be in attendance at every delivery. A minority (fewer than 10%) of newly born infants require active resuscitative interventions to establish a vigorous cry and regular respirations, maintain a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm), and maintain good color and tone. (ii) When meconium is present in the amniotic fluid, it should be suctioned from the hypopharynx on delivery of the head. If the meconium-stained newly born infant has absent or depressed respirations, heart rate, or muscle tone, residual meconium should be suctioned from the trachea. (ii) Attention to ventilation should be of primary concern. Assisted ventilation with attention to oxygen delivery, inspiratory time, and effectiveness judged by chest rise should be provided if stimulation does not achieve prompt onset of spontaneous respirations and/or the heart rate is less than 100 bpm. (iv) Chest compressions should be provided if the heart rate is absent or remains less than 60 bpm despite adequate assisted ventilation for 30 s. Chest compressions should be coordinated with ventilations at a ratio of 3:1 and a rate of 120 'events' per minute to achieve approximately 90 compressions and 30 rescue breaths per minute. (v) Epinephrine should be administered intravenously or intratracheally if the heart rate remains less than 60 bpm despite 30 s of effective assisted ventilation and chest compression circulation. Common or controversial medications (epinephrine, volume expansion, naloxone, bicarbonate), special resuscitation circumstances affecting care of the newly born, continuing care of the newly born after resuscitation, and ethical considerations for initiation and discontinuation of resuscitation are discussed. There was agreement that insufficient data exist to recommend changes to current guidelines regarding the use of 21% versus 100% oxygen, neuroprotective interventions such as cerebral hypothermia, use of a laryngeal mask versus endotracheal tube, and use of high-dose epinephrine. Areas of controversy are identified, as is the need for additional research to improve the scientific justification of each component of current and future resuscitation guidelines.
Humans↗