Biomedical subjects

M Ost

Publications and source records attributed to M Ost.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Initial CSF total tau correlates with 1-year outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated if tau, microtubular binding protein, in serum and ventricular CSF (vCSF) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the initial posttraumatic days correlated to 1-year outcome. METHODS: Patients with severe TBI (n = 39, Glasgow Coma Scale score 2,126 pg/mL on days 2 to 3 discriminated between dead and alive (sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 81%). A vCSF total tau level of >702 pg/mL on days 2 to 3 discriminated between bad (GOSE 1 to 4) and good (GOSE 5 to 8) outcome (sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 69%). Patients with GOSE 1 (dead) had higher vCSF total tau levels on days 2 to 3 (p < 0.001) vs both surviving patients (GOSE 2 to 8) and those with NPH. Total tau was not detected in serum throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The increase in ventricular CSF (vCSF) total tau probably reflects axonal damage, known to be a central pathologic mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI). These results suggest that vCSF total tau may be an important early biochemical neuromarker for predicting long-term outcome in patients with a severe TBI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

CSF -neurofilament correlates with outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating event. Following the bleeding, a number of pathophysiological changes and clinical factors determine outcome. Not surprisingly, attempts to predict outcome based on a single factor have failed. The neurological status graded at admission to hospital and distributions of the blood on CT are the strongest predictors. There is evidence that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins may serve as markers of the extent of brain damage. The present study is focused on the light unit of neurofilament protein (NFL), previously not evaluated in aSAH. Lumbar puncture (LP), neurological grading according to World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) and neurological examination according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were performed in 48 consecutive patients with aSAH 10-14 days after the hemorrhage. CSF-NFL concentrations were analyzed using an ELISA. Outcome was assessed after 1 year and categorised according to the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE). A significant correlation between CSF-NFL and GOSE was detected at follow up after 1 year. CSF-NFL also correlated with WFNS and NIHSS on the day of the lumbar puncture. CSF-NFL is a biochemical marker of brain damage correlating to neurological status and long-term outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Increased serum-GFAP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury is related to outcome.

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have established the relevance of S-100 in blood as a marker of brain damage after traumatic brain injury. However, a more specific marker is required and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is considered to be a good candidate. METHODS: In order to assess the increase of GFAP in serum (s-GFAP) after a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) we collected daily serum samples from 59 patients with severe TBI starting on the day of the trauma. S-GFAP was measured using a sandwich ELISA. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) assessed outcome after 1 year. RESULTS: All but one patient had maximal s-GFAP values above the laboratory reference value (median increased 10-fold). The highest detected levels were seen during the first days after TBI and then decreased gradually. Patients with unfavourable outcome had significantly (p<0.001) higher maximal s-GFAP values in the acute phase compared with patients with favourable outcome. All patients (n=5) with s-GFAP>15.04 microg /L died (reference level<0.15 microg/L). We found no significant difference in the maximal s-GFAP levels of patients with isolated brain injury in comparison with patients with multiple traumas. CONCLUSION: Serum-GFAP is increased during the first days after a severe traumatic brain injury and related to clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Bilateral breast masses].

A 76 year old woman is hospitalized for bilateral breast masses and neurological impairment. Her medical history is marked by rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold salts and methylprednisolone. Blood tests reveal pancytopenia; the MRI scan of the brain is suggestive of a CNS lymphoma. The pathologic examination of a breast mass specimen confirms the lymphoid nature of the neoplasm. This case report highlights the multifocal or systemic nature of non hodgkin's lymphoma and the diagnostic pitfalls of breast lymphomas. Rheumatoid arthritis and its medical management are reviewed for their possible roles in oncogenesis.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Different induction mechanisms of mRNA for inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat smooth muscle cells in culture and in aortic strips.

The expression of mRNA for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase, (iNOS), was studied in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, (SMCs) in cell culture and in strips of rat aorta by reverse transcriptase coupled to the polymerase chain reaction. iNOS mRNA expression was weak in cultured SMCs when exposed to either interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the combination LPS+IFN gamma enhanced the expression. In aortic strips LPS alone induced a pronounced expression, with no further increase by IFN gamma. Cycloheximide potentiated the expression of iNOS mRNA in SMCs in culture stimulated with LPS+IFN gamma but attenuated the response in aortic strips. The results indicate different cellular signaling pathways for the induction of iNOS mRNA by LPS and/or IFN gamma, in cultured SMCs and in rat aortic strips.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1990

Bilateral choroidal neonatal neuroblastoma.

We treated a bilateral, well-differentiated neuroblastoma of the choroid in a patient who had congenital abdominal neuroblastoma. Although orbital metastasis of neuroblastoma is common, intraocular metastasis is not. In our patient, there was no amplification of the N-myc oncogene in the tumor of either eye. This is consistent with early-stage primary neuroblastoma. Histologically, the tumors were identical in each eye and well differentiated with Homer Wright rosettes; most neuroblastoma metastases have few rosettes and are composed of more undifferentiated, anaplastic cells. We believe that our patient had bilateral primary tumors and not metastatic tumors.

Choroid Neoplasms↗

PubMed1983

Sequential response of milk leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins, monovalent ions, citrate, and lactose in cows given infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin into the mammary gland.

Changes in concentrations of both the cellular and the humoral components of milk are known to occur during mastitis. This study was conducted to determine temporal changes in the concentrations of leukocytes, albumin, immunoglobulins (Ig), monovalent ions, lactose, and citrate in milk during the initial phases of simulated mastitis. Ten cows whose udders were pathogen free and had milk leukocyte counts of less than 0.5 X 10(6)/ml were used. Two dosages of Escherichia coli endotoxin were administered to simulate various degrees of mastitis. Two quarters in each cow were infused with the endotoxin and the other 2 served as controls. Quarter milk samples were collected frequently before and after infusion. Within 2 hours after infusion of a 100-micrograms dose of endotoxin, clinical mastitis was observed in most of the infused quarters. Leukocytes, albumin, IgG1, and conductivity showed significant increases. Values before infusion and at postinfusion (PI) hour 2 were as follows: leukocytes, 0.33 and 3.65 X 10(6)/ml, respectively; albumin, 0.38 and 4.49 mg/ml; IgG1, 0.34 and 0.79 mg/ml; and conductivity, 6.0 and 6.9 mmho. Average of the peak values and their average relative time of appearance after infusion were as follows: leukocytes, 28.82 X 10(6)/ml at 16 hours; albumin, 9.37 mg/ml at 4 hours; IgG1, 1.35 mg/ml at 4 hours; and conductivity, 95.5 mmho at 10 hours. The IgG1 values tended to remain high in the presence of rapidly declining albumin concentrations, indicating the possibility of an active, rather than a passive, transfer of IgG1 from the circulation. The response to the 10-micrograms dose of endotoxin ranged from subclinical to clinically mild mastitis with lesser cellular and humoral responses.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of mRNA for phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and in biopsies from umbilical arteries and veins.

Arachidonic acid (AA) is released by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and then converted into vasoactive and inflammatory eicosanoids by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX). These eicosanoids are important paracrine regulators of vascular permeability, blood flow, local pro- and anticoagulant activity and they play a major role in the local inflammatory response. We have investigated the presence of mRNAs for PLA2 and for isoforms of COX and LOX in both human endothelial cells (EC) and in human smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture and in vascular biopsies of human umbilical veins (HUVB) and arteries (HUAB) by using the reversed transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Results show detectable levels of PLA2 type IV (cPLA2) in cultured EC and SMC and in vascular wall biopsies from HUAB and HUVB. The cultured EC and SMC demonstrate higher levels of both COX-1 and COX-2 with PCR analyses than do vascular wall biopsies from HUAB and HUVB. This indicates a difference in the native expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in cultures of EC and SMC compared to that in biopsies from intact vessel walls. The EC and SMC in culture do not express mRNA for 5-LOX, that was, however, expressed in the vascular wall biopsies. This speaks in favour of a constitutive, i.e. in vivo expression of 5-LOX in SMC in the vascular wall of both umbilical vein and arteries. Thus results from in vitro studies of constitutive COX and LOX expression in EC and vascular SMC in culture cannot simply be extrapolated to represent in vivo conditions.

Biopsy↗