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Biomedical subjects

M Ostrowski

Publications and source records attributed to M Ostrowski.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Assay of bacterial copper leaching from covellin at alkaline initial pH.

Copper sulphide CuS was leached by bacteria. Beginning with an initial pH of 9.1, the bacteria acidified the environment and at the same time leached up to 5 g copper per liter. It is characteristic that the pH may sometimes stabilize at 4.0--5.0 and not fall below this value.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1976

Valuation of characteristics of water purity. I. Estimation of the usefulness of some microbiological and hydrobiological characteristics.

The titres of physiological processes in bacteria (hydrolysis of urea, nitrification), total number of bacteria and photosynthesis were found to show high correlation with standard characteristics: BOD5 and saprobic index. The classificatory values of BOD5 and saprobic index depend on the pollution of waters (with BOD5 less than 3 mg O2/l more information on the extent of pollution is given by the saprobic index whereas with higher values BOD5 is better). The content of NH3-N and titres of ammonification and H2S production depend on the type of pollution and should not be used for determination of water purity without additional studies. Of increasing importance as a measure of pollution is the BOD5/BOD2 quotient.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1976

Valuation of characteristics of water purity. II. The use of numerical methods for the taxonomic appreciation of selected characteristics of water purity.

Numerical methods have been employed to determine the taxonomic value of a number of microbiological, hydrobiological and chemical characteristics of water purity either in current use or proposed. Numerical methods have at the same time served to evaluate the usefulness and correlation coefficients of these characteristics in classification of the degree of pollution in different stretches (sites) of rivers.

Methods↗
PubMed1976

Valuation of characteristics of water purity. III. The use of numerical methods for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the degree of pollution.

The taxonometric methods of centrifugal correlation and principal components were used to classify sites along the investigated river with respect to quantity and quality of pollution. The degree of pollution was determined with the use of a collection of microbiological, hydrobiological and chemical characteristics selected by statistical methods.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Valuation of characteristics of water purity. IV. Classification of pollution of waters based on norms of microbiological, hydrobiological and chemical characteristics determined by numerical methods.

Norms of microbiological (coliform titre, nitrification titre, urea hydrolysis titre, number of bacteria, BOD2 and BOD5), hydrobiological (intensity of photosynthesis, saprobic index, number of algae) and chemical (oxidability, DMDT content) characteristics, determining the ecological quality of water, are suggested. Their taxonomic value has been appraised with the use of numerical methods: centrifugal correlation and principle components, used for the classification of a collection of sites with respect to pollution.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic removal of renal cysts in patients with ADPKD as an alternative method of treatment and patient preparation for kidney transplantation: preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: The most frequent genetic disease of the kidneys occurring in 1 of 1000 inhabitants is autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Growing renal cysts compress the kidney resulting in damage to parenchyma and functional disorders. Around 10% of these patients are dialyzed due to terminal renal insufficiency. With the advent of laparoscopic techniques, the idea of laparoscopic excision of cysts seemed a tempting alternative to nephrectomy. We assessed the preliminary results of laparoscopic treatment of polycystic kidneys compared with open nephrectomy for patients with ADPKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty ADPKD patients were treated between 2000 and 2004. Eleven procedures in five men and six women of mean age 51 years included laparoscopic cyst excisions. In the remaining 19 patients (six men and 13 women) of mean age 54 years, nephrectomy was done. Indications for surgery included pain due to compression by large cysts and cyst contamination. Patients after nephrectomy were prepared for renal transplantation when necessary. RESULTS: Laparoscopic polycyst removal produced better effects than nephrectomy. Mean operative time was significantly shorter (86 minutes for cyst removal vs 108 minutes for nephrectomy; P < .05). Postoperative pain measured with the VAS scale was reduced in patients after laparoscopy. Hospital stay was shorter (5 vs 9 days), as well as time to recovery. Other benefits of laparoscopic cyst removal included maintained urination in the patient and no need for erythropoietin substitution, as well as reduced risk of cyst contamination. When eligible for renal transplantation, patients after laparoscopic polycyst removal have smaller kidneys that do not interfere with the graft and the risk of infection during immunosuppression seems lower. CONCLUSION: Although larger series of patients are required in patients with ADPKD, laparoscopic polycyst removal seemed superior to early nephrectomy.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoxanthine as a graft ischemia marker stimulates catalase activity in the renal vein during reperfusion in humans.

BACKGROUND: The impairment of organ function derived from ischemia-reperfusion injury is still an important problem in solid organ transplantation. Cell alterations induced by ischemia prime the tissue for subsequent damage occurring during the reperfusion phase. Purine nucleotides and oxypurines are products of adenine nucleotide degradation. Reperfusion and reoxygenation are characterized by great production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. On the contrary, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase are involved in protecting against free radicals. The aim of the study was to examine the correlation between concentrations of ischemia markers (hypoxanthine or inosine) and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 40 renal transplant recipients. Before anastomosis of the kidney vessels with the recipient's iliac vessels, a "0" blood sample was taken from the iliac vein. Then, after anastomosis, the renal vein of the graft was cannulated and blood samples I, II, and III were obtained. The reperfusion of the transplanted kidney was measured with a thermovision camera ThermaCAM SC500. RESULTS: The plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine and inosine increased in statistically significant fashion immediately after total tissue reperfusion (P < .0001). Catalase activity at 4 minutes after total tissue reperfusion correlated positively with hypoxanthine concentrations immediately after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.49), 2 minutes after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.47), and 4 minutes after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.46). There were no statistically significant correlations between hypoxanthine or inosine concentrations or superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that catalase activity may correlate with the concentration of hypoxanthine in the graft renal vein and other mediators of oxidative stress.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of presence of HBs antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies on transplanted kidney survival.

INTRODUCTION: Infections are one of the most common complications after organ transplantation. Viral infections such as hepatitis type B (HBV) and C (HCV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are among the most serious ones. A high frequency of HBV and HCV infections has been recognized in kidney recipients. Viral infections play a special role in graft recipients because of clinical symptoms influencing graft function and recipient survival. Immunosuppressive treatment to decrease immunological reactions after organ transplantation may increase the risk of viral infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the presence of HBs antigen and HCV and CMV antibodies on patient and graft survivals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred one enrolled kidney transplantation patients (96 women and 105 men) were treated with the same immunosuppressive regimen. Age, sex, and viral state (HBs antigen, anti-HCV and anti-CMV antibodies) were evaluated in every patient. Statistical analysis was performed with the Gompertz model, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard tests. RESULTS: The presence of HBs antigen was detected in 161 patients (20.4%), HCV antibodies in 61 recipients (30.3%); and CMV antibodies in 12 patients (5.9%). Eighty-seven recipients (43.4%) were seronegative. Average recipient age was 38.5 years. CONCLUSION: Time of graft function was independent of the presence of HBs antigen or HCV or CMV antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of stem cell markers on mononuclear cells derived from heparinized cadaveric organ donors before and after disconnection from the respirator.

We have attempted to evaluate the level of the earliest human hematopoietic cell marker expression (CD34, CD117, CD133, CD184) on cells obtained from heparinized cadaveric organ donors before and after disconnection from the respirator. Moreover, we compared various cell populations: (1) coexpressing CD34/CD117; (2) CD34/CD133; (3) highly enriched hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+CXCR4+CD45+); and (4) highly enriched tissue-committed stem cells (CD34+CXCR4+CD45-). Finally, we analyzed whether the level of hematopoietic stem cell marker expression depended on the age of the donor. The expression of the membrane receptors (CD34, CD45, CD117, CD133, CD184) was studied by flow cytometry. We observed that the proportion of mononuclear cells expressing these markers slightly decreased in bone marrow harvested after disconnection from the respirator compared with the samples obtained before disconnection. Moreover, the proportion of cells expressing CD117 antigen depended on age of the donor.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early acid-base balance disorders during kidney transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Reperfusion is a crucial moment in kidney transplantation. Resumption of blood flow is associated with many metabolic changes, which result from the kidney's initial condition and preservation. These biochemical alterations including the acid-base balance are the part of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The study's purpose was to examine acid-base balance during the first 30 minutes after reperfusion of the transplanted kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 30 recipients (13 men, 17 women) averaged ages of 46 +/- 14 years. Measurements performed nine times (at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after unclamping renal vessels) included: gas analysis, expiratory Pco(2), tidal volume, and respiratory rate. The evaluation of the temporary acid-base balance was performed on the basis of common parameters: pH, Pco(2), [HCO(3)(-)], and base excess (BE). The patients were under general anesthesia with stable external conditions of O(2) saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. Blood samples were analyzed using Corning 278 and 248 blood gas analyzer; vital parameters were recorded using Ohmeda 5250 RGM and Dräger Sulla 909V/Julian apparatus. RESULTS: The analysis showed increasing metabolic acidosis with coexisting increase in blood Pco(2), changes that were most intense in the first minute of reperfusion. Decreasing mean pH index did not exceed physiologic limits, but the final mean values of [HCO(3)(-)] and BE were in most of cases below the limit. Increased expiratory air Pco(2) was most intense in the first 3 minutes reaching a maximum at about 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The beginning of reperfusion was the cause of increasing metabolic acidosis, which was partially compensated by blood buffers. Simultaneous increase in expiratory Pco(2), corresponding to the dynamics of acidosis, indicated the existence of respiratory compensation. Sudden increase in acidosis parameters may be the result of lactate accumulation during kidney ischemia. The decreased [HCO(3)(-)] may indicate postreperfusion kidney injury, which must be the subject of further research.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activity of CuZn-superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in kidney allografts during reperfusion in patients with and without delayed graft function.

BACKGROUND: Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the main mechanism involved in the ischemic/reperfusion damage of the transplanted organ. Oxygen burst is a trigger for complex biochemical events leading to generation of oxygenated lipids and changes in microcirculation. Many markers have been researched to prove the presence of ROS in the transplanted tissue. Some of them, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are considered to play a major role in graft protection against oxygen stress during reperfusion. METHODS: The aim of this study was to examine the changes of SOD1, CAT and GPx activity in erythrocytes during the first minutes after total graft reperfusion. Forty patients undergoing kidney transplantation at our center were assigned to two groups: with or without delayed graft function (DGF). Before anastomosing kidney vessels with recipient's iliac vessels, the '0' blood sample was taken from the iliac vein. Next blood samples I, II and III were taken from the graft's renal vein. The reperfusion of the transplanted kidney was evaluated precisely with the thermovision camera. Erythrocyte SOD1, CAT and GPx activity was measured with a spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: We did not observe statistically significant changes in SOD1, CAT and GPx activity in erythrocytes during the early phase of reperfusion in patients with and without DGF. CONCLUSIONS: Erythrocyte-antioxidative system in graft's vein remain stable during the early phase of reperfusion. The results of the study suggest that further studies on extracellular enzymes are required for the assessment of antioxidant system in the conditions of ischemia/reperfusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between spatial pattern of basal bodies and membrane skeleton (epiplasm) during the cell cycle of Tetrahymena: cdaA mutant and anti-membrane skeleton immunostaining.

Microtubular basal bodies and epiplasm (membrane skeleton) are the main components of the cortical skeleton of Tetrahymena. The aim of this report was to study functional interactions of basal bodies and epiplasm during the cell cycle. The cortex of Tetrahymena cells was stained with anti-epiplasm antibody. This staining produced a bright epiplasmic layer with a dark pattern of unstained microtubular structures. The fluorescence of the anti-epiplasm antibody disappeared at sites of newly formed microtubular structures, so the new basal body domains and epiplasmic layer could be followed throughout the cell cycle. Different patterns of deployment of new basal bodies were observed in early and advanced dividers. In advanced dividers the fluorescence of the epiplasmic layer diminished locally within the forming fission line where the polymerization of new basal bodies largely extincted. In wild type Tetrahymena, the completion of the micronuclear metaphase/anaphase transition was associated with a transition from the pattern of new basal body deployment and epiplasm staining of the early divider to the pattern of the advanced dividers. The signal for the fission line formation in Tetrahymena (absent in cdaA1 Tetrahymena mutationally arrested in cytokinesis) brings about 1) transition of patterns of deployment of basal bodies and epiplasmic layer on both sides of the fission line; and 2) coordination of cortical divisional morphogenesis with the micronuclear mitotic cycle.

Animals↗