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Biomedical subjects

M P Foschini

Publications and source records attributed to M P Foschini.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma: a new type of rhabdomyosarcoma?

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) was described as a distinct entity in 1952. ASPS mainly affects young adults, with a slight prevalence of female patients. It arises in the extremities, trunk, and head and neck region. Metastases are frequent and are mainly localized to lungs, brain, and bone. Local recurrences are rare if the primary tumor is completely excised. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy are not useful. Death eventually supervenes, after several years, in most of the patients. Histogenesis and differentiation of ASPS, since its first description, have remained a matter of controversy. Many hypotheses have been taken into consideration, among which neural and muscular differentiation are the most plausible. The finding that intracytoplasmic crystals, present in most of the cases, are composed of actin, and the immunocytochemical localization in ASPS of several muscular markers, such as actin (skeletal and smooth muscle actin), desmin, and MyoD1 are all features that point towards skeletal muscle differentiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Sonography of fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum: a survey of 35 cases.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum was identified by ultrasound examination in 35 fetuses between 19 and 37 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound findings included absence of the corpus callosum and cavum septum pellucidum (hypoplasia in one case of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum), a typical 'teardrop' configuration of the lateral ventricles, distension of the interhemispheric fissure, upward displacement of the third ventricle, radiate arrangement of the medial cerebral gyri, and abnormal branching of the anterior cerebral artery. Associated anomalies were identified in 20 fetuses, including heterogeneous malformations and chromosomal aberrations (mosaic-trisomy 8 in three, trisomy 18 in two and partial duplication 8p in one). Five cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum were identified in a population of pregnant patients prospectively investigated because of genetic risk for agenesis of the corpus callosum or related syndromes. In this group, no diagnostic errors were made. Long-term neurological follow-up (6 months to 11 years) was available in 11 infants with antenatal diagnosis of isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum. Normal intellectual development was present in nine, and a low intellect (developmental quotient between 70 and 85) was found in two. It is concluded that fetal agencies of the corpus callosum is associated with elusive sonographic findings that can, however, be accurately identified by targeted examinations. In routine sonograms, an increased atrial width and/or failure to visualize the cavum septum pellucidum should arise the suspicion of fetal agencies of the corpus callosum. Given the high frequency of associated anomalies, prenatal diagnosis of agencies of the corpus callosum dictates the need for a careful survey of fetal anatomy and karyotyping. The prognosis is isolated agencies of the corpus callosum remains uncertain, although it is expected that a normal or boarderline intellectual development will occur in many cases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated to angiosarcoma of the breast. A case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by the association of a consumptive thrombohemorrhagic disorder and angioma occurring usually in children. In the present study, a case of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated to an angiosarcoma of the breast is reported. CLINICAL HISTORY: The tumor together with the thrombohemorrhagic disorder manifested in a 28-year-old woman. The patient underwent mastectomy. The tumor recurred in the same site 2 years later. The patient died of severe anemia 8 years after the first appearance of the angiosarcoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissues were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded; in addition, selected sections were immunohistochemically stained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A well-differentiated angiosarcoma was visible throughout the removed organ. A review of the literature showed that only 6 cases of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated to malignant vascular tumors have been previously reported. All these 6 cases occurred in adult patients. On the contrary, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated to benign vascular tumors affects children. This is the first case occurring in the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Amyloid stroma in meningiomas.

Twenty-three cases of meningiomas with psammoma bodies (PBs) and 15 without PBs have been studied using histochemical, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methods for amyloid. Amyloid was found in all cases showing PBs and in only 5 cases in the group devoid of PBs. Meningiomas may contain amyloid in their stroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical study of neu protein overexpression in clinging in situ duct carcinoma of the breast.

The expression of neu protein in 26 cases of clinging carcinoma (CC) of the breast was investigated. A distinction is made between two types of CC: one with pleomorphic nuclei (PN) and the other with monomorphic nuclei (MN). The PN type of CC overexpresses the neu protein in almost all cases (85.7%), its cells generally exhibit abundant cytoplasm and intraluminal necrosis is frequently observed. The MN type of CC does not overexpress the neu protein, exhibits bland cytological features and shows no necrosis. It is suggested that CC with PN is related to comedo-type carcinoma, while CC with MN is the forerunner of cribriform carcinoma in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Microglandular adenosis, apocrine adenosis, and tubular carcinoma of the breast. An immunohistochemical comparison.

Four cases of microglandular adenosis (MA), together with four cases of apocrine adenosis (AA) and 10 cases of tubular carcinoma (TC) of the breast were studied at the light and immunohistochemical level. One case of MA was studied with electron microscopy. MA is characterized by an absence of myoepithelial cells (ME), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15). The absence of EMA in MA makes it unique among benign glandular hyperplasias of the breast. AA contains myoepithelial cells and a distinct basal lamina. It is characterized by the presence of GCDFP-15, the specific apocrine marker, which is not present in MA. TC lacks both myoepithelial cells and a basal lamina. It is negative for GCDFP-15. Periductal and vascular elastosis are common and usually prominent, whereas they are not found in either MA and AA. Other stromal changes further distinguish the three lesions. These three distinct entities can be separated objectively and unequivocally and it is essential that this be done so as to prevent confusion.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

Intracranial squamous cell carcinoma arising in an epidermoid cyst.

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are uncommon benign tumors of developmental origin; malignant transformation is extremely rare. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a chiasmatic-parasellar epidermoid cyst. Malignant change had not been suspected until histological examination revealed it.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1993

A method for decalcification with citric acid.

Psammoma bodies and small calcifications are frequently seen in a wide variety of tissues. These deposits of calcium salts render tissues difficult to section. Conventional decalcification alters the tissues; consequently it is not advisable to decalcify tissues containing only small calcium deposits. A simple and rapid method to remove small amounts of calcium salts using citric acid alone is described. This method does not alter the antigenic properties of the substances studied.

Antigens↗
PubMed1993

Sarcomatoid neoplasms of the breast: proposed definitions for biphasic and monophasic sarcomatoid mammary carcinomas.

Biphasic sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) of the breast are defined as tumors that are composed of overtly carcinomatous and sarcoma-like elements and were known in the past as "carcinosarcomas." On the other hand, monophasic SC show features that are similar to those of sarcomas, but epithelial differentiation is detected in the former of these lesions by immunohistochemical methods. Adequate tissue sampling often is required to demonstrate both components of biphasic SC; if properly performed, this procedure greatly reduces the diagnosis of true mammary "sarcoma." The carcinomatous element of biphasic tumors is characterized either by features of a squamous carcinoma or an invasive ductal adenocarcinoma. Squamous differentiation is more often associated with a spindle-cell, fibrosarcoma-like, or malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)-like sarcomatoid component, whereas adenocarcinomas usually are admixed with sarcoma-like tissues having "heterologous" properties. The overtly epithelial elements of biphasic SC are always immunoreactive for keratin, but areas that simulate sarcoma express this protein more heterogeneously. Both components may show positivity for vimentin, although the sarcoma-like elements do so more consistently. Monophasic SC is composed solely of fusiform and pleomorphic cells that are keratin-positive despite their mimicry of sarcomatous differentiation. This tumor variant commonly assumes a myxoid, angiomatoid, or storiform growth pattern, without recognizable carcinomatous foci by light microscopy. Prognosis and involvement of regional lymph nodes in mammary SC cases is controversial, because different tumors have been grouped together in the past for the analysis of these variables. However, SC generally has a less favorable outcome than that of ordinary invasive carcinomas of the breast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Sonography of fetal Dandy-Walker malformation: a reappraisal.

Thirty-four cases of fetal Dandy-Walker malformation recognized in utero with ultrasound between 16 and 37 weeks' gestation are reported. In each case a qualitative examination of the posterior fossa structures was performed, including the cerebellar hemispheres, cerebellar vermis, fourth ventricle and cisterna magna. In each case, the transverse cerebellar diameter and the depth of the cisterna magna were measured in a standard transcerebellar view of the fetal brain. The atrial width of the lateral ventricles was also assessed. The transverse cerebellar diameter was abnormal in 15 cases, the cisterna magna depth was abnormal in 33, and the atrial width was abnormal in 30. It is concluded that measurement of the transverse cerebellar diameter is unreliable in predicting fetal Dandy-Walker malformation. Measurements of the cisterna magna and atrium seem to be more valuable, although the real sensitivity remains unclear. In pregnancies at risk for fetal Dandy-Walker malformation, the sonographic examination should not be limited to the cerebral ventricles and transcerebellar view but should include a detailed evaluation of all the different anatomical components of the posterior fossa, especially the fourth ventricle and inferior cerebellar vermis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver. A case report.

A case of primary malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver occurring in a 5-month-old girl is reported. Histologically the neoplasm presented the 'typical' features as described in malignant rhabdoid tumour arising in the kidney. In addition, some areas of the tumour showed a 'pseudoglandular' growth pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed the neoplastic cells to be intensively positive for vimentin and for cytokeratin 19. Variable immunoreactivity for cytokeratin polypeptides 7, 8 and 19 was also detected. On electronmicroscopy the neoplastic cells contained bundles of intermediate filaments, tonofilaments and intercellular junctions. These findings are suggestive of a primitive epithelial differentiation.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1992

Histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma. A distinct clinicopathologic entity possibly related to lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease, paragranuloma subtype.

This study reports six non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases that we called histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (BCL) because of the prominent reactive histiocytic infiltrate obscuring the malignant B-cell population. The involved lymph nodes are characterized by a mixed nodular and diffuse infiltrate and occasionally feature prominent sinuses. The infiltrate is composed of reactive lymphocytes and numerous histiocytes obscuring a tumor population composed of variably sized scattered cells with irregular or multilobar vesicular nuclei. Immunostaining of paraffin sections for the B-cell marker recognized by L26 helps in the identification of these neoplastic cells. The clonal nature and further evidence of the B-cell lineage of this condition is shown by immunoglobulin gene rearrangements detected in three cases. The six cases of histiocyte-rich BCL are remarkably similar clinically: all presented with stage IVB disease with splenomegaly and follow an aggressive clinical course. Except for these features, our series show striking similarities to paragranuloma lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease, including male preponderance (all patients are male), age distribution (mean age, 41 years), propensity to progress to a diffuse, large B-cell lymphoma (two cases), as well as morphology of the neoplastic B-cell population and expression of Hodgkin's cell markers (Leu-M1 positivity after neuraminidase digestion in three cases, Leu-M1 positivity without neuraminidase digestion in one case, and additional epithelial membrane antigen [EMA] positivity in two cases). Both morphologically and clinically, the present series can be differentiated from other types of infiltrate-rich BCL, such as T-cell-rich BCL. Although additional cases will have to be recognized, histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma most likely represents a distinct clinicopathological entity. We speculate that it develops from a subset of B cells that also gives rise to the lymphocytic-histiocytic (L/H) cell, the Hodgkin's cell variant of lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease, paragranuloma subtype.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Diabetic fibrous mastopathy. Report of two cases.

Two cases of a characteristic form of fibrous mastopathy associated with type I diabetes mellitus are described. Well-circumscribed nests of mature lymphocytes in a hyaline stroma are the hallmark of this condition. In one case mastectomy was performed, as the lesion had been interpreted as malignant on frozen section. It appears that this form of "idiopathic mastopathy" deserves wider recognition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Squamous cell carcinoma with prominent myxoid stroma.

Three cases of a squamous cell carcinoma with a prominent myxoid stroma are reported. One case in a 70-year-old woman had presented as a lump in the breast, the other two presented as polypoid lesions of the larynx and cervix uteri in a 65-year-old man and 61-year-old woman, respectively. The carcinomatous component was immersed in abundant extracellular mucosubstances. In addition to occasional squamous pearls, it displayed immunocytochemical evidence of high-weight keratin present in the neoplastic cells and, in one case, desmosomal attachment under electron microscopy. The extracellular mucosubstances proved to be similar to those seen in connective tissue. The differential diagnosis with histologically similar lesions has been taken into consideration, and it has been suggested that this newly described entity showing abundant myxoid stroma has to be distinguished from numerous benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the cervix uteri. A case report.

A case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) of the cervix uteri of a 32-year old woman is described. Its differential diagnosis from histologically similar tumours is discussed. ASPS has been reported in the cervix uteri in one instance only in the literature. In spite of their unusual localization, these cases have to be recognized in order to avoid improper treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast with special emphasis on clinging carcinoma.

Forty-two cases of in situ duct (28 cases) and lobular (14 cases) carcinoma were identified after a review of 4,397 "benign" breast biopsies obtained from the files of departments of pathology of a small area of Northern Italy, between 1965 and 1971. None of the patients with in situ lobular carcinoma developed an invasive carcinoma. On the other hand, three patients with in situ duct carcinoma (one comedo and two clinging type) developed subsequent invasive carcinoma. Therefore, it appears that clinging carcinoma has the same biological behavior as other types of small in situ ductal carcinoma; the likelihood of our patients developing invasive breast carcinoma is four times greater than that of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Hypophosphatemic oncogenic osteomalacia: report of three new cases.

Three cases of connective tissue tumors causing hypophosphatemic osteomalacia are reported and the literature is reviewed. In two of our patients the tumors were completely excised with total disappearance of the symptoms. In one case a total excision was not possible and the symptoms of this patient have not completely disappeared. The substance responsible for the syndrome has not been identified yet, but probably interferes with vitamin D renal hydroxylation, thus causing osteomalacia. As more than 30 per cent of cases of this condition have been reported in the last 5 years, it is suggested that these tumors are more frequent than previously believed.

Adult↗