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Biomedical subjects

M P García

Publications and source records attributed to M P García.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Evaluation of the amount of therapist contact in a smoking cessation program.

This research tested a multicomponent self-help manual that contained nicotine fading and some behavioral techniques. It also evaluated the incremental effects of using higher amounts of therapist contact on quitting rates. 114 smokers were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) A 10-session multicomponent program (n = 25); (2) a 5-session multicomponent program (n = 31); (3) a 5-session multicomponent plus a self-help manual program (n = 25); and (4) a self-help-manual-only program (n = 33). A control group (n = 48) did not receive any treatment. The distinctive characteristic of the treatments was the different amount of therapist contact. Common components of the programs were a refundable deposit, self-monitoring, information on smoking, stimulus control, CO feedback, nicotine fading, and strategies to avoid withdrawal symptoms. End-of-treatment quit rates ranged from 36% (self-help manual) to 68% (10-session multicomponent program). At 12-month follow-up there were significant differences between groups, and the most effective group was the 5-session plus manual group, with an abstinence rate of 48%.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Relation between the Tolerance Questionnaire (nicotine dependence) and assessment of carbon monoxide in smokers who participated in treatment for smoking.

It is very important to have objective measurements of nicotine dependence or tobacco addiction, especially in the treatment of smokers. The most utilized physiological assessment is the carbon monoxide (one of the components of tobacco smoke) in expired air. A noninvasive measure of nicotine dependence is the Fagerström's Tolerance Questionnaire. In our study we compared responses on the Tolerance Questionnaire of 217 smokers who participated in a treatment to stop smoking and also measurements of carbon monoxide in expired air (evaluated with a Mini Smokerlyzer EC-50). Analysis showed the utility of the Tolerance Questionnaire in the discrimination of number of cigarettes smoked prior to and after treatment and at follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of aerobic pretreatment with Aspergillus terreus on the anaerobic digestion of olive-mill wastewater.

A kinetic study was carried out on the anaerobic digestion of olive-mill wastewater (OMW) and OMW that was previously fermented with Aspergillus terreus. The bioreactors used were batch fed and contained saponite as support for the mediating bacteria. The anaerobic digestion process followed first-order kinetics, from which the kinetic constant A was calculated using a non-linear regression. This kinetic parameter was influenced by the pretreatment carried out, and was 3.7 times higher for pretreated OMW than for untreated OMW. The anaerobic processing of pretreated OMW seemingly involved no inhibition phenomena as the biotoxicity and the total phenolic compound content (analysed by HPLC) were reduced by 71.2% and 77.9% respectively as a result of the pretreatment. Finally, the yield coefficient of methane production was 0.345 litres of methane (at standard temperature and pressure)/g of chemical oxygen demand, that is, 23% higher than that provided by untreated wastewater.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1993

Nicotine fading and smokeholding methods to smoking cessation.

We tested a multicomponent behavioural package to stop smoking that contained nicotine fading and smokeholding techniques. 73 smokers were randomly assigned to one of five treatment programmes: (1) nicotine fading and cigarette fading, (2) nicotine fading and concurrent smokeholding, (3) nicotine fading and subsequent smokeholding, (4) a nonintensive smokeholding programme, and (5) an intensive smokeholding programme (daily sessions). Common components of the programmes were self-monitoring, information on smoking, stimulus control, CO feedback, and strategies to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Each treatment was carried out during a total of 10 sessions over 4 weeks (Treatments 1-4) or 2 weeks (Treatment 5). End-of-treatment quit rates ranged from 85% to 91%. At 12-mo. follow-up, the most effective package proved to have been nicotine fading and cigarette fading, with an abstinence rate of 57% as against 25 to 37% for the other treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Influence of blood sample collection on the haematocrit value of two teleosts: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.).

1. The effects of the volume of blood extracted, number of extractions, and weight upon the haematocrit value of a freshwater teleost (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a marine one (Dicentrarchus labrax) have been studied. 2. For trout with the same weight, the increase in the volume of blood extracted results in a significant increase in the haematocrit value. 3. For the same volume of blood extracted--in trout of the same weight--the second extraction results in a significant increase in the haematocrit value. 4. In sea bass, haematocrit variations in relation to the aforementioned parameters are not produced. 5. For both species there is a positive and significant correlation between weight (W) and haematocrit value (Ht), which coincides with the Ht = aWb model, in the range of weights used in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Scores of Spanish smokers on Fagerström's Tolerance Questionnaire.

Nicotine may be the agent responsible for tobacco addiction. A non-invasive, easy measure for evaluating addiction is Fagerström's 1978 Tolerance Questionnaire. Present results are based on responses of 732 Spanish smokers to the Spanish version of the questionnaire. The questionnaire has a moderate reliability, and some items are more important than others. Among the Spanish smokers, the questionnaire differentiated the groups of 327 light, 275 normal, and 130 heavy smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis].

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a chronic infection of mucoses, nails and skin due to Candida sp., that does not respond to standard treatment. We report on three patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in association with iron deficiency, IgA deficiency in one patient and adult onset in another. We review the clinical manifestations, the classification and the treatment of this disorder. The immunologic defects associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis provide a model to study the mechanisms of defense of the host against fungal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of centrally applied thiamenidine on pressure response to central nervous system stimulation.

Rise in blood pressure and heart rhythm disorders were provoked in rabbits submitted to electrical stimulation of the central nervous system. When injected into the cisterna magna, the hypotensive agent thiamenidine at a single dose of 100 microgram caused a fall in blood pressure and heart rate; this was not the case when the same dose was applied intravenously. Thiamenidine did not hinder the pressor response following stimulation of subthalamic zones, yet a reduction of rhythm disorders was obtained when the drug was administered by either route. The results suggest a central nervous action of thiamenidine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mouth care in intubated patients with nothing-by-mouth diet in an in tensive care unit].

The objective of this study is to value the effectiveness of a care plan of mouth care and at the same time, compare the effects of the use of two different solutions: physiologic serum and non-diluted hexetidine (Oraldine). The sample studied was formed by 40 intubated patients or patients with an absolute oral diet who were in the Intensive Care Unit of the University Clinic. 50% of the patients underwent oral hygiene with physiological serum, following the established protocol and the other 50% were treated with non-diluted hexetidine with a frequency of five times a day. The mouth status was checked at the moment of admission and then daily: lips, tongue, gums, palate, presence of residua and saliva characteristics. Also, a series of factors which could alter the buccal integrity were registered: oxygenotherapy, orotraqueal intubation, anemia, plaquetopenia, medicines, etc. Bacteriological controls of traqueal secretion were performed periodically. From the analysis of the results we can conclude that the care plan established is efficient, although it is not enough for patients with coagulation alterations (plaquetopenia). From the solutions used for oral hygiene we can say that although there have not been significant differences, the physiologic serum is the chosen product, as it maintains the mouth status better and helps to keep the oral microbiota.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality of care in intensive care units. Retrospective study on long-term patients].

Nursing care must be evaluated in order to determine its effectiveness and identify deficiencies, which makes it possible to introduce corrective measures to optimize quality. The quality of care given to patients in our unit was evaluated with a retrospective analysis of 915 records in the Nursing Care Plan corresponding to 59 patients with a mean ICU stay of 15.5 days. Six areas of care and indicators of deficient practice were identified: orotracheal intubation: accidental disconnection, displacement, obstruction, and pressure sores on lips; arterial catheterization: accidental disconnection and obstruction; central venous catheterization: accidental disconnection and contamination; urinary catheterization: accidental disconnection and urinary bacteriology; nasogastric intubation: accidental disconnection, obstruction, and nasal pressure sores; conservation of skin integrity: presence of pressure sores, and prevention of falls from the bed or chair. The reference standards were taken from the published literature. The results show that airway care was adequate, although the frequency of pressure sores on the lip produced by orotracheal tubes was high. The indicators for following up the care of vascular and urinary catheters showed results similar to established standards. There was a high rate of nasogastric tube obstruction due to the administration of medication. Finally, the frequency of pressure sores was well below established standards and there were no accidental falls. It is concluded that the detection of areas in which care is deficient requires an analysis of relevant nursing activities so that corrective measures can be taken. This study is a useful baseline for future quality control.

Accidental Falls↗