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Biomedical subjects

M P Levine

Publications and source records attributed to M P Levine.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The use of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire with middle school boys and girls.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychometric validity of versions of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) designed for use with middle school girls and boys. METHOD: As part of a larger study, the SATAQ was administered to 505 middle school children. To assess concurrent validity, scales concerning the use of Weight Control and Muscle Building Techniques as well as the Body Esteem Scale (BES) were also administered. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated. RESULTS: Both the girls and boys versions of the SATAQ showed adequate validity. Two SATAQ subscales, Internalization and Awareness of societal ideals of thinness, were identified for girls. For boys, three SATAQ subscales were identified: Internalization and Awareness of a muscular, non-fat ideal and a scale tapping the the importance of a Muscular Look. The subscales and total score showed acceptable concurrent validity. Even after controlling for BMI, they contributed significant explained variance for the use of Weight Control Techniques in both boys and girls and use of Muscle Building Techniques in boys. Patterns of relationships among variables differed by gender. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that sociocultural influences play a role in the use of Weight Control and Muscle Building Techniques for middle school boys although their influence is not as strong as it is for the use of Weight Control Techniques by middle school girls. The SATAQ seems to be an adequate measure of the nature of some of these influences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Survival of an aortic trauma patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: a case report.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV is the most lethal variant of that illness and is associated with fatal large vessel arterial hemorrhages. The literature reports only two survivors of elective aortic surgery and two survivors of spontaneous aortic hemorrhage. This article presents a 14-year-old boy who had aortic and vena cava blunt trauma and survived.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Parental input and weight concerns among elementary school children.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relative contributions of mother's and father's direct comments about child's weight and modeling of weight concerns through their own behavior on child's body esteem, weight-related concerns, and weight loss attempts. METHOD: Parents, 131 mothers and 89 fathers, of fourth and fifth grade boys and girls completed a brief survey which included measures of their own dieting attempts, concerns about their own shape, complaints about their own shape, and beliefs about calorie-restrictive dieting as well as the frequency of their comments to their child about the child's weight. Children were surveyed using the Body Esteem Scale as well as questions about their weight-related concerns and weight loss attempts. RESULTS: Direct parental comments, especially by the mother, seemed to be more powerful influences than parental modeling of weight and shape concerns, although parental modeling did affect the child's beliefs and behaviors. Girls appeared to be more affected than did boys. DISCUSSION: Parental comments and modeling do appear to affect elementary school children's weight and shape-related attitudes and behaviors. Such parental behavior may be an appropriate target in prevention programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Normative developmental challenges and dieting and eating disturbances in middle school girls.

Three predictions based on Levine and Smolak's (1992) developmental model of dieting and eating disturbances were tested: (1) Changes in pubertal status and/or dating status increase the probability of nonpathological dieting in middle school girls; (2) concurrent change in pubertal status, dating status, and academic stress increases the probability of subclinical eating disturbances in girls with a slender body ideal; and (3) the co-occurrence of modeling cues and direct messages from peers and/or family about the importance of weight, shape, and dieting increases the probability of these effects. Three hundred eighty-two girls were asked about menarcheal status, dating status, and academic stress, as well as attitudes about shape, eating behavior, and perceptions of peer and family pressures for slenderness. Results confirmed several of the predictions, suggesting that the interaction among cumulative developmental changes in early adolescence, adherence to a slender body ideal, and sociocultural pressures for thinness may be useful in distinguishing middle schoolers at risk for subclinical eating disturbances from both girls who do not diet and girls whose dieting is or will be "normative."

Achievement↗
PubMed1994

Psychometric properties of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test.

As interest in eating disorders has grown, there has been an increased need for psychometrically sound measures of young children's eating attitudes and behaviors. The present report examines one promising measure, the children's version of the Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT; (Maloney, McGuire, & Daniels. [1988]. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 5, 541-543; Maloney, McGuire, Daniels & Specker. [1989]. Pediatrics, 84, 482-489). Like the EAT-26, (Garfinkel & Garner. [1982]. Anorexia nervosa: A multidimensional perspective. New York: Brunner/Mazel), this is a 26-item self-report questionnaire. As part of a larger study, the ChEAT was administered to 308 middle school girls. Analyses indicated that the 26-item version had adequate internal reliability, both for the entire sample and for each of the three grades. However, a 23-item version had even better internal reliability. Concurrent validity was demonstrated for the 26-item version in that correlations between the ChEAT and independent measures of weight management and body dissatisfaction were significant. Again, the concurrent validity was slightly better for the 23-item version. Factor analysis of the ChEAT-26 yielded factors quite similar to those of the EAT-26. However, an additional ChEAT factor emerged that tapped restricting and purging behaviors. On the whole, the ChEAT emerged as a promising instrument for measuring disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors in middle school girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Separation-individuation difficulties and the distinction between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa in college women.

This study investigated whether patterns of late adolescent separation-individuation from parents, as measured by the Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI), are different for anorexic-like and bulimic-like young women in college. It was hypothesized that anorexic-like women would display a pattern of underseparation from both mother and father. Bulimic-like women were expected to show a pattern of underseparation on the conflictual dimension of the PSI but overseparation on the other dimensions. A total of 198 college women completed the PSI, the Eating Disorder Inventory, and a DSM-III-R symptom checklist. Using that checklist, 19 women were classified as bulimic-like (BUN), 8 as like restricting anorexics (RAN), 11 as showing a pattern resembling both bulimia and restricting anorexia (BULAN), 109 as showing limited bulimic or anorexic behaviors (SOME), and 25 as having no eating disorder symptoms (NED). Results indicated some support for the hypotheses. BUN women were overseparated in terms of attitudinal independence from both parents and underseparated in that they experienced more guilt and conflict concerning separation than did the SOME or NED women. The anorexic-like women reported considerable guilt and conflict about separation and tended to be underseparated in general. The results point to the potential value of separation-individuation issues in the distinction between restricting anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Eating disorders.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa present special challenges for physicians. Considerable skill and flexibility, as well as a collaborative spirit, are required to address the important physical, psychological, and social dimensions of these eating disorders. The ideal treatment is an individualized program designed to (1) eliminate the multifaceted effects of a body weight driven well below the biologic set point, (2) develop self-esteem, including a healthy attitude toward the body, and (3) strengthen those aspects of the individual and the family that orient the patient to health instead of illness.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1979

Gay ghetto.

Gay people have claimed that there exist within major cities "gay ghettos", neighborhoods housing large numbers of homosexual men and women as well as gathering places where homosexual behavior is generally accepted, and have designated as such certain sections of Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles (Aiken, 1976, p. 27; Altman, 1971, p. 42; Brill, 1976, p. 27; Chicago Gay Liberation, 1970, pp. 3-4; Kantrowitz, 1975, p. 48; Nassberg, 1970, p. 1; Russo, 1976, p. 47; Shilts, 1977, p. 20; Whitmore, 1975, p. 45; Whittman, 1972, pp. 167-168). Sociologists have picked up the term, using it repeatedly in research (e.g., Humprheys, 1972a, pp. 80-81; Weinberg & Williams, 1974, p. 43). Typically, however, these authors offer no observations to support their use of the phrase. This paper analyzes the validity of "gay ghetto" as a sociological construct, limiting discussion to the male homosexual community.

Gender Identity↗
PubMed1976

Bilateral successive testicular cancer of different cell types.

The fourth case of bilateral successive testicular tumors of different cell types is reported (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma), and the English literature on bilateral testicular tumors from 1965 to 1975 is reviewed. The absence of direct organ extension or demonstrable metastatic lymphatic or vascular involvement points to the primary origin of these lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Anomalous location of the papilla of Vater.

The location of the papilla of Vater in the third (horizontal portion) of the duodenum is a rare finding. In this report the thirty-eighth case is described and the available world literature is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Acalculous clonorchiasis obstructing the common 3ile duct: a case report and review of the literature.

Clonorchis sinensis has a minor incidence in Western countries and most commonly manifests as cholangiohepatitis with secondary bacterial infection. This parasite rarely obstructs the common bile duct without associated biliary stricture, stones or tumor. This paper documents the fourth reported case of acalculous C, sinensis biliary tract obstruction and reviews the world literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controlled evaluation of an elementary school primary prevention program for eating problems.

Researchers have recently called for the development of primary prevention of eating disorders programs aimed at elementary school students. The present study reports on the development of a curriculum for fifth graders designed to encourage healthy eating, exercise, and body image while discouraging calorie-restrictive dieting, exercising for weight loss, and the development of body dissatisfaction. The program consisted of ten lessons taught by the classroom teachers. The influence of the curriculum on (1) knowledge about nutrition, body fat, and dieting; (2) attitudes about fat people and own body (body esteem); and (3) behaviors, including attempts at weight reduction, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and exercising, were evaluated in a pre-post controlled experimental design. There were 222 white public school children who participated in both the pre- and posttesting, 167 of whom were in the classrooms receiving the curriculum. Results indicated that knowledge was broadly improved by the curriculum. There were information improvements in terms of nutrition, effects of dieting, and causes of body fat. Attitudinal changes were less pronounced, although the curriculum did positively affect attitudes about fat people. Behavior, including eating patterns, exercise patterns, weight reduction attempts, and teasing of fat children, was not changed by participation in the curriculum.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The hemodialysis patient and hand amputation.

The hemodialysis patient requires continued attention once an access surgery has been performed. These procedures lead to an anticipated physiological steal in the involved hand, but rarely lead to hand loss. When the patient has had previous peripheral vascular disease, known diabetes mellitus, multiple interventions on the same extremity, and the use of a synthetic graft, the incidence of digital or hand ischemia is significantly increased. This article represents 3 individuals who required hand amputation for severe ischemia. The pertinent clinical features in each individual will be explained and the literature reviewed for the factors promoting this complication and the all-autogenous access policies which may help to prevent hand ischemia.

Adult↗