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Biomedical subjects

M P Vanderlinden

Publications and source records attributed to M P Vanderlinden.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Amikacin concentrations in uninfected postthoracotomy pleural fluid and in serum after intravenous and intrapleural injection.

The pharmacokinetics of amikacin after intravenous (IV) and intrapleural injection was compared in 25 patients with pleural drainage after lung resection. In ten patients 7.5 mg/kg of the drug was injected IV; the mean peak concentrations were 31.2 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml in the serum and 13.3 +/- 3.8 micrograms/ml in the pleural fluid. The penetration of amikacin in the pleural space was 80 percent. After the intrapleural injection of the same dose of amikacin in 15 patients, the pleural fluid concentrations of the drug were extremely high and well sustained during eight hours; however, serum concentrations reached maximal values of 14.1 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml, indicating a substantial diffusion of amikacin from the pleural space to the blood. In the case of treatment of pleural infections by local injection of aminoglycosides, the serum concentrations must be kept in mind to avoid systemic intoxication from these drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of different preparations of oral erythromycin.

The activity of erythromycin stearate in respiratory tract infections was evaluated. This study involved 269 out-patients. Of these, 76 satisfied the strict criteria for detailed bacteriological study with positive cultures of a known pathogen before treatment and bacteriological follow-up after treatment. The results of erythromycin stearate were good against the haemolytic streptococcal infections. The activity of this antibiotic was shown to be insufficient against Haemophilus influenzae. A second clinical trial with 20 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis demonstrated quite good activity from erythromycin ethylsuccinate and no intolerance when administered in a dose of 1 g q.i.d. The administration of 1 g of the ethylsuccinate immediately after a meal gave a peak serum concentration after 60 min of 3.36 micrograms/ml. Blood levels on the fourth day of this treatment showed some accumulation, concentrations of greater than 4 micrograms/ml being found at 30, 60 and 90 min after the dose. With its good absorption, its lack of toxicity and its reputation for good diffusion into bronchial secretions, we consider that erythromycin ethylsuccinate should have a major place in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Amoxicillin entry into human cerebrospinal fluid: comparison with ampicillin.

The entry of amoxicillin and ampicillin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of humans was studied in the absence of meningeal inflammation. Twelve volunteers received 33 mg of amoxicillin per kg intravenously over 30 min and nine volunteers received 33 mg of ampicillin per kg. The CSF specimens were sampled at 1, 2, and 4 h after the beginning of the infusion. Blood samples were obtained at the end of the infusion and at 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the beginning of the infusion. Amoxicillin and ampicillin were both detected in the CSF. Ampicillin tended to give higher CSF levels than amoxicillin, although the difference was small. Serum concentrations of ampicillin equaled those of amoxicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Susceptibility of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni to twenty-nine antimicrobial agents.

The activity of 29 antimicrobial agents was tested against 95 strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni isolated from human stools. Furazolidone and gentamycin were the most active agents. The tetracyclines, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were very active against most of the strains, but with each antibiotic a few resistant strains were found. The penicillins were relatively inactive, and the cephalosporins tested were only active against occasional strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

In-vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Brussels.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antimicrobial agents against 104 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in the Brussels area between January and October 1976 have been measured. The MICs for penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, carbenicillin, and cephalexin showed a bimodal distribution. The second modus strains of cephalexin (MIC = 6.25 microgram/ml) were relatively resistant to penicillin G (MIC greater than or equal to 0.08 microgram/ml). About 51% of all strains were relatively resistant to penicillin G, 40.5% to ampicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 0.16 microgram/ml), 46% to amoxycillin, and 47.5% to carbenicillin. For cephalexin and cephaloridine, 25% and 8.5% respectively of all strains were relatively resistant (MIC greater than 3.12 microgram/ml). For cefazolin all MICs fell into a range of 0.097--3.12 microgram/ml. Resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, and spiramycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml) was found in 9.5%, 7%, 6%, 36.5%, and 71% respectively of all isolates. No strains were resistant to rifampicin. For chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol the MICs ranged from 0.39 to 12.5 microgram/ml and from 0.195 to 3.12 microgram/ml respectively. The results for sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and the combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in a 20:1 ratio are given and discussed. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices have also been calculated. No beta-lactamase-producing strains were found, and a contingency coefficient C has been determined for all the pairs of antibiotics investigated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

A Rapid, simple method for demonstrating synergy of amikacin and penicillin against various microorganisms.

A simple disk diffusion technique with use of triple-layer agar and enzymatic inactivation of penicillin demonstrated synergy between penicillins and aminoglycosides. The method was applied to measurement of the synergistic activity of amikacin and penicillin G against a strain of Streptococcus faecalis sensitive to both drugs, amikacin and ampicillin against a strain of S. faecalis sensitive to amplicillin but resistant to amikacin, and amikacin and carbenicillin against a strain of Proteus mirabilis sensitive to both drugs. The degree of synergy was related to the specific organism tested. For example, syngery of penicillin G and amikacin for S. faecalis could be demonstrated only when the organism was subjected first to the action of penicillin G alone. In addition to providing useful clinical information, the triple-layer technique appears to be a promising tool for the study and understanding of synergy between antimicrobial agents.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1975

Antistaphylococcal activity of sisomicin and four other aminoglycosides against strains sensitive and resistant to methicillin.

Five aminoglycosides were tested for inhibitory activity on 91 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 39 of which were methicillin-resistant. The antistaphylococcal activity of these antibiotics was independent of the methicillin-resistance. Their order of decreasing effectiveness was: gentamicin greater than tobramycin = sisomicin greater than amikacin greater than kanamycin. Resistant strains were only found for the latter.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1975

Paradoxical action of penicillin G on Staphylococcus aureus: a time study of the effect of a zonal antibiotic concentration gradient on bacterial growth.

The killing rate of a zonal concentration gradient of penicillin G on Staphylococcus aureus was studied by using a previously described triple-layer technique, enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic, and an automatic image analyzer. This gradient determines a target image, whose center is the reservoir of antibiotic (constituted by a paper disk containing 100 U of penicillin G) and whose successive concentric zones are: a zone of slow bactericidal activity (corresponding to high levels of penicillin G), a zone of maximal bactericidal activity (corresponding to optimal levels of penicillin G), and a zone of overgrowth situated in front of the antibiotic wave.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the in vitro activities of BB-K8 and three other aminoglycosides against 215 strains of Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae with variable sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamicin.

215 gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical materials were tested in vitro against BB-K8 by means of disc diffusion and agar dilution tests; the strains included 40 isolates resistant to gentamicin. Approximately 90% of the strains were inhibited by 3.12 mug/ml or less BB-K8. This antibiotic exhibited a comparable activity, although somewhat inferior, to that of gentamicin, against organisms sensitive to gentamicin. It was considrably more active than gentamicin, and comparable to tobramycin, against the isolates of Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia spp. resistant to gentamicin, but less active than tobramycin against 11 strains of Pseudomonas resistant to gentamicin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1975

Comparative in vitro acitvity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol on common aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli(Salmonella and Shigella excluded).

The antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol was compared to that of chloramphenicol against 313 strains of gram-negative bacilli isolated from various clinical specimens. These two antiboitics were equally active against the 106 isolates of Haemophilus MIC equals 0.1 minus 1.56 mu g/ml) and against 40 strains of Bacteroides fragilis (almost all strains being inhibited by 12.5 mug/ml of the two drugs). In contrast, when compared with chloramphenicol, 2-16 times as much of thiamphenicol was required to inhibit Enterobacteriacae, making prediction of the susceptibility of these strains to thiamphenicol on the basis of chloramphenicol testing alone likely to be hazardous. Disc diffusion test using 30-mug discs and 12 mm as cut-off point was a reliable technique to determine susceptibility of bacteria either to chloramphenicol or thiamphenicol. When thiamphenicol discs of greater potency (50 mug) were employed, many strains exhibited wide zones of inhibition although most of them were resistant by the agar dilution method (MIC is greater than 12.5 mug/ml). This practice is not advisable for testing organisms isolated outside of the urinary tract.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Comparative inhibitory activity of BL-S640 and two other cephalosporins.

In vitro antibacterial activity of BL-S640 was compared to that of cephalothin and cephalexin against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. BL-S640 demonstrated the best activity on nearly all microbial species studied, except for Haemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pneumoniae against which cephalothin was slightly more active.

Cephalexin↗
PubMed1974

Sensitivity of Streptococcus pyogenes to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and cotrimoxazole.

When tested on Wellcotest (sensitivity test agar, Wellcome) supplemented with lysed horse blood, 59 clinical isolates of beta-haemolytic streptococci, belonging to several serological groups, are all sensitive to sulphamethoxazole, to trimethoprim, and to cotrimoxazole. The results obtained on diagnostic sensitivity test agar (Oxoid) containing lysed horse blood are comparable. When Mueller Hinton agar (Difco) is used, some of these strains are called resistant: this is especially true in the case of sulphamethoxazole.Furthermore, on Mueller Hinton agar, even supplemented with lysed blood, discrepancies between diameters of inhibition zone and MIC values exist for the three drugs tested, strains with a low MIC being considered resistant by the disc method. Such disagreements are not observed with non-streptococcal control strains.

Animals↗