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Biomedical subjects

M PITTMAN

Publications and source records attributed to M PITTMAN.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1965

PERTUSSIS VACCINE TESTING FOR FREEDOM-FROM-TOXICITY.

The results of 9.5 years of official testing of vaccines containing pertussis vaccine, plain or adsorbed with alum, Al(OH)(3), or AlPO(4), are reported. Toxicity was evaluated by weight changes in mice at 3 and 7 days after injection and intercurrent deaths. Toxicity was encountered during the early use of AlPO(4) in pertussis vaccine products, with a special product and quadruple-antigen vaccines. Throughout the study Al(OH)(3) products, few in number, were the least reactive of the adsorbed products. The slopes of regression lines of graded-dose responses reflected variations in reactivity of "nontoxic" vaccines. The U.S.-prescribed test is discussed relative to the (i) reactivity in children, (ii) causes of toxicity, (iii) other assays for pertussis vaccine toxicity, and (iv) the use of a reference vaccine in the toxicity test.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1965

RELATIVE STABILITY OF PERTUSSIS VACCINE PRESERVED WITH MERTHIOLATE, BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE, OR THE PARABENS.

When stored at 4 C, or heated at 22 or 35 C followed by storage at 4 C, the potency of pertussis vaccines preserved with Merthiolate was more stable than the potency of vaccines preserved with benzethonium chloride or the parabens (methyl- and propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate). Without preservative, potency was more stable than in the presence of benzethonium chloride or the parabens, but less stable than when Merthiolate was present. The histamine-sensitizing factor of the vaccines likewise decreased with the loss of potency. The deleterious effect of benzethonium chloride and the absence of the stabilizing effect of Merthiolate were contributing factors, if not the sole cause, for the instability of pertussis vaccine in quadruple antigen vaccine (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis and poliomyelitis vaccines).

Ammonium Compounds↗
PubMed1963

Protective activity of cholera vaccines against E1 Tor cholera vibrios.

With the advent of epidemic El Tor cholera there has been concern about the value of cholera vaccine prepared from classical cholera strains.Using a recently developed mouse protection test, the authors have determined the protective activity of five commercial vaccines against strains of epidemic El Tor and classical cholera vibrios. Both Ogawa and Inaba types of each kind of vibrio were used. With each vaccine, protection against El Tor vibrios was as good as that against classical cholera vibrios. There was, however, a greater than tenfold difference in the potency of the vaccines.The findings support the use of cholera vaccine for immunization against El Tor cholera and show that there are wide variations in the mouse-measured potency of lots of vaccine. The significance of the findings must await results of controlled field trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Studies on the haemolytic activity of El Tor vibrios.

In view of reports of inconsistent results with the haemolytic test for identification of the El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae, a study was made of the experimental variables involved in order to achieve more precise standardization of the procedure. It was found that different types of media and different incubation times of a culture in a particular medium exerted a profound influence on the results. The authors describe the materials and conditions for performance of a reliable haemolytic test, and consider that, when properly performed, the haemolytic test should be a valuable epidemiological tool.The persistence of haemolysin in cultures of strains from the El Tor Quarantine Station during incubation is in contrast to its early disappearance in cultures of more recent isolates. Evidence is presented that the haemolytic activity of a strain may become altered during subculture, since rugose variants of recent strains resemble the old El Tor strains in haemolysin persistence.

Hemolysis↗