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Biomedical subjects

M Pages

Publications and source records attributed to M Pages.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Differences between burns in rural and in urban areas: implications for prevention.

This study aimed to identify typical features of burns in rural areas and to improve their prevention by comparing the characteristics of burnt patients and their burns in rural and urban areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 of the 23 French burns units over one year, using a structured questionnaire. We analysed the resulting database. Of the 1422 patients, excluding 188 burnt in unclassified areas, 420 (34%) were burnt in rural areas. Burns were more frequent in rural than in urban areas. Occupational burns were more frequent in rural than in urban areas. The characteristics of patients and burns did not differ between the areas. Patients burnt during everyday activities were older and more frequently had predisposing factors in rural than in urban areas. Burns occurred outdoors more often in rural than in urban areas and were frequently due to flames or explosions or to the use of barbecues or open fires. The hands and perineum were burnt more frequently in rural than in urban areas. Rural burns were more severe than urban burns: they were deeper, involved a larger body surface area and caused more deaths. Preventive measures in rural areas should take into account occupation and everyday activities. They should be specifically adapted to the profiles of burnt patients.

Accidents↗
PubMed2000

Dural puncture and corticotherapy as risks factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Dural puncture with corticosteroid could be a predisposing factor for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). A 35-year-old woman using oral contraception was treated with corticosteroid epidural infiltration for L5 radiculalgia. The following day a postural headache developed and accidental dural puncture was suspected. Four days later, she presented with fever and consciousness impairment requiring mechanical ventilation. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) confirmed thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. Recanalization was observed three weeks later and the patient fully recovered. Blood tests for thrombophilia showed a moderate decrease in the C protein level (chronometric activity 44%, N = 65-130). CVT has been reported after spinal anaesthesia or peridural anaesthesia with accidental puncture. After dural puncture the decrease of cerebrospinal fluid pressure induces a rostrocaudal sagging effect with traumatic damage to the fragile venous endothelial wall, and may trigger a venous vasodilatation with resultant stasis. CVT has also been described in patients after lumbar puncture and oral corticoid treatment for multiple sclerosis and after corticosteroid intrathecal infiltration. Therefore, corticosteroids can be considered as a potential additional procoagulant stimuli.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

[Symptomatic aneurysms of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery. A multicenter retrospective study of 29 cases].

A multicenter retrospective study of 29 cases of posterior inferior cerebellar artery is reported. Over a period of 21 years, the frequency of posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm among all intracranial aneurysm was estimated to 1.38 p. 100 of cases of aneurysms followed by 3 University Hospitals. Frequency of rupture appeared to be very high (93 p. 100) in this series probably because of the type of selection. Average grade of presentation according to Hunt and Hess classification being < III in 3 fourth of the cases. Neither clinical presentation nor suspicious etiological factors were specific of this localization. Only two cases were of pseudotumoral appearance. Positive diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage was made by CT scan. Angiograms gave diagnosis of localization of the malformation and its type. Intraventricular hemorrhage was found in 62 p. 100 of our cases: all had hemorrhage of the fourth ventricle. Hydrocephaly was more frequent as compared to supratentorial localizations, Vasospasm was less frequent as in supratentorial localizations. Nimodipin seems to be efficient. Therapeutic possibilities are primary dominated by surgery with good results when it is possible. Endovascular treatment is under evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The Leishmania genome comprises 36 chromosomes conserved across widely divergent human pathogenic species.

All the physical linkage groups constituting the genome of Leishmania infantum have been identified for the first time by hybridization of specific DNA probes to pulsed field gradient-separated chromosomes. The numerous co-migrating chromosomes were individualised using the distinctive size polymorphisms which occur among strains of the L. infantum/L. donovani complex as a tool. A total of 244 probes, consisting of 41 known genes, 66 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 137 anonymous DNA sequences, were assigned to a specific linkage group. We show that this genome comprises 36 chromosomes ranging in size from 0.35 to -3 Mb. This information enabled us to compare the genome structure of L. infantum with those of the three other main Leishmania species that infect man in the Old World, L. major, L. tropica and L. aethiopica. The linkage groups were consistently conserved in all species examined. This result is in striking contrast to the large genetic distances that separate these species and suggests that conservation of the chromosome structure may be critical for this human pathogen. Finally, the high density of markers obtained during the present study (with a mean of 1 marker/130 kb) will speed up the construction of a detailed physical map that would facilitate the genetic analysis of this parasite, for which no classical genetics is available.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

On small genomes in eukaryotic organisms: molecular karyotypes of two microsporidian species (Protozoa) parasites of vertebrates.

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to separate chromosome-sized DNA from two species of microsporidia of fishes. The molecular karyotype of Glugea atherinae exhibits 16 DNA bands from 420 to 2,700 kb, and that of Spraguea lophii 12 bands from 230 to 980 kb. Until now they represent respectively the largest and the smallest genomes visualized for microsporidia: 19.5 Mb for G. atherinae and 6.2 Mb for S. lophii (the smallest nuclear genome in eukaryotic organism). We have analysed separately five strains of G. atherinae (individual cysts), with this technique. The electrophoretic spectra are the same for these strains, except for the absence of the 2,380-kb band in one case. Therefore, the karyotype seems to be rather well conserved for this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Rhabdomyolysis due to simvastin. Apropos of a case with review of the literature].

A new case of simvastatin-induced acute rhabdomyolysis with heart failure after initiation of treatment with fusidic acid is reported. In most reported instances, statin treatment was initially well tolerated with muscle toxicity developing only after addition of another drug. The mechanism of this muscle toxicity is unelucidated but involvement of a decrease in tissue Co enzyme Q is strongly suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Calcinosis of the temporomandibular joint: apropos of a case and critical review of the literature].

We report a case of calcinosis of the temporo-mandibular joint. This microcrystalline arthropathy by deposits of calcium pyrophosphate crystals is exceptional at this level; it is necessary to look for other localizations joints to diagnose articular chondrocalcinosis. The local prognosis is the same with surgical treatment in case of articular destruction or significant deposits.

Calcium Pyrophosphate↗