Biomedical subjects

M Paques

Publications and source records attributed to M Paques.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

[Surgical treatment of post-traumatic macular holes].

BACKGROUND: Macular hole is a rare complication of blunt ocular trauma. Little is known about its spontaneous course and only a few operated cases have been reported. METHOD: We present five cases of post-traumatic macular holes, 4 of which have been operated on. RESULTS: In one case, the hole sealed spontaneously due to the formation of a slightly contractile epimacular membrane, and visual acuity improved from 0.1 to 0.5. The other four cases underwent vitrectomy, posterior hyaloid stripping, fluid-gas exchange and 12 days of postoperative positioning. In addition, two of these cases had autologous platelet injection. The macular hole closed in 3 of the 4 cases and vision improved in two. CONCLUSION: Traumatic macular holes can close spontaneously, although this is rare. Usually, surgery with or without healing adjuvants is needed to close the hole. Visual results may be good if there is no damage to the subfoveal retinal pigment epithelium or to Bruch's membrane.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Results of surgery of vitreomacular traction syndromes].

PURPOSE: The vitreomacular traction syndrome is a rare entity in which partial posterior vitreous detachment is combined with persistent macular adherence, thus causing macular traction. In most cases, an epimacular membrane is associated with this vitreomacular traction. We evaluate here the results of vitreous surgery for this syndrome. METHODS: We reviewed 18 consecutive eyes that had undergone vitrectomy and posterior epiretinal membrane stripping, to define the visual results and complications of surgery for the vitreomacular traction syndrome. Minimum follow-up was 3 months. RESULTS: Patients' average age was 63.5 years. All had evidence of cystic macular changes on biomicroscopic examination. Sixteen patients had an epiretinal membrane, and two, a full-thickness macular hole. Cystoid macular edema was present in 7 eyes on fluorescein angiography. The release of vitreomacular traction improved vision in 72% of eyes, with six patients obtaining 20/40 visual acuity or better. Complications of surgery included progression of nuclear sclerosis, and epiretinal membrane formation. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy for vitreomacular traction syndrome may improve visual acuity, but the visual prognosis remains poor.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Autologous platelet concentrate for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes.

BACKGROUND: To improve the anatomic success rate in the surgery of full-thickness macular holes, we tested, in a prospective pilot study, the effects of autologous platelet concentrate deposited on the macula at the end of surgery. METHODS: Two consecutive groups of patients were compared. Twenty eyes (group 1, mean symptom duration 11 months) were operated on with injection of an autologous platelet concentrate on the macula after fluid-gas exchange. Another 20 eyes (group 2, mean symptom duration 11 months) were subsequently operated on without autologous platelet concentrate. For all stage 3 holes, posterior hyaloid was detached en bloc at the level of the optic disc. The patient was left supine for 24 h after surgery, and then remained face down for 10 days. RESULTS: In group 1, 19 cases were an anatomic success, i.e. there was flattening of the retina surrounding the hole and reattachment of the edge of the hole to the retinal pigment epithelium; in 9 cases the hole was even undetectable. Final visual acuity was 0.5 or more in 9 eyes, and 0.4 or more in 14. Visual acuity improved by two lines or more in 17 of the 19 successfully operated eyes. In group 2, only 13 cases were an anatomic success. The functional results for the successfully operated eyes were identical to those of group 1. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggested that autologous platelet concentrate could significantly improve the success rate in macular hole surgery and led us to begin a comparative, prospective, randomized trial.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Ablation of the internal limiting membrane, macular unfolding and visual outcome in surgery of idiopathic epimacular membranes].

The files of 40 patients operated on for epimacular membranes were reviewed in order to correlate the functional and anatomical results with the presence or absence of internal limiting membrane on histological specimens. Only the eyes with idiopathic membranes were considered for the study. Visual acuity and fluorescein angiography were obtained preoperatively and at the 6 months postoperative visit. The surface of the posterior pole was measured on fluorescein angiogram pre and postoperatively by computerized image analysis. Light microscopy looked for the presence of significant segments of internal limiting membrane. In 28 cases (group 1) long segments of internal limiting membrane were adherent to the epimacular membrane and in 12 cases (group 2) no internal limiting membrane fragments or only small fragments were present. Mean postoperative visual acuity was the same in the two groups; 64% of eyes from group I and 50% from group 2 had visual acuity superior or equal to 0.5 (NS). Image analysis showed that the posterior pole surface area increased by 25% in group 1 but only by 15% in group 2 (p < 0.025). Internal limiting membrane ablation does not preclude good visual recovery and is correlated with improved unfolding of the posterior pole.

Fluorescein Angiography↗

PubMed1986

Histological evaluation of immunologically mediated tumor regression of the line 10 guinea pig hepatocarcinoma.

The histology of immunologically mediated tumor regression was studied in the syngenic strain 2 guinea pig/line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma tumor system. Tumor regression was induced non-specifically by the intralesional injection of living Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in 7-day-old established tumors (diameter 8-10 mm). In untreated line 10 tumors at day 7 a mild to moderate inflammatory reaction was present, which consisted mainly of small mononuclear cells; in addition large mononuclear cells and basophils were present. Intratumoral BCG-treatment induced a prominent increase in the inflammatory reaction due to an influx of small and large mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Small mononuclear cells were identified mainly as lymphocytes whereas large mononuclear cells belonged mainly to the macrophage line. Intratumoral administration of BCG resulted in a granulomatous reaction. A time-related decrease in the number of tumor cells and an increase in inflammation, associated with purulent lysis of the granulomatous tissue, was observed. Specific immune-mediated tumor rejection occurred in animals both after active immunization and after adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. In actively immunized animals the tumor cells were rapidly rejected and from day 4 onwards no tumor cells could be detected at the injection site. Lymphocytes were the major component of the inflammatory reaction; large mononuclear cells were present to a lesser extent and basophilic granulocytes were regularly observed. After adoptive transfer of immunity with immune spleen cells given simultaneously with an intradermal innoculation of tumor cells, an essentially similar rejection reaction was found, although tumor cell rejection was delayed. Lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells were found in equal proportions, whereas basophilic granulocytes were always present in smaller numbers. After BCG-induced regression and in adoptively transferred immune rejection, a fibroblast component was more prominent than in untreated control tumors. This reaction tended to isolate smaller tumor cell areas into islets of decreasing sizes. In contrast with the fibroblast component of growing tumors, the proliferative pre-existing fibrous tissue in tumors undergoing regression or rejection showed a loosely arranged architecture and contained a marked cellular infiltrate. From the results of the present study it was concluded that the morphological expression of line 10 tumor rejection varies. Without immune cells, BCG is needed for the induction of a local inflammatory reaction, which was granulomatous in type and eventually led to complete tumor cell eradication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Effects of serum complement levels on the mobilization of mature white blood cells in relation to mobilization of CFUS.

It was investigated whether the complement dependency of CFUS mobilization observed for certain mobilizing agents is unique for the CFUS compartment, or whether this mobilization reflects a more general mechanism, which involves also the mobilization of mature leukocytes. The number of all recognizable nucleated cell types in the blood was determined following the injection of the mobilizing agents, i.e. endotoxin, zymosan, cobra venom factor, proteinase, trypsin, dextran sulphate and the copolymer of polymethacrylic acid and styrene. The results indicate that if a mobilizing effect of a CFUS mobilizing agent on other nucleated cells occurs, this mobilization of nucleated cells is similarly inhibited or not by C3 to C9 depletion as is observed for the CFUS mobilization. The degree of inhibition is also comparable to the inhibition of CFUS mobilization. The significance of the complement system for the mobilization process is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal thickness in healthy and diabetic subjects measured using optical coherence tomography mapping software.

PURPOSE: To define the normal retinal thickness in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT) mapping software and to assess the ability of OCT to detect early macular thickening in diabetic patients. METHODS: Six radial scans centered on the fixation point were done on 60 healthy eyes and 70 eyes of 35 diabetic patients without macular edema on biomicroscopy. Retinal thickness was measured automatically with OCT mapping software. Mean retinal thickness was compared in subgroups of healthy patients based on age, sex, and eye, and in the eyes of diabetic patients and healthy subjects. Thickening was diagnosed if mean retinal thickness of an area was greater than the mean thickness + 2SD in the corresponding area in healthy subjects; or if the difference between right and left eye exceeded the mean difference + 2 SD in a given area in healthy subjects. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, mean retinal thickness in the central macular area 1000 microm in diameter was 170+/-18 microm. There was no significant difference according to age, or left or right eye, but central macular thickness was significantly greater in men than women (p=0.0139). No difference was observed between the eyes of healthy subjects and diabetic patients without macular edema on biomicroscopy, but OCT detected early macular thickening in 12 diabetic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: In this study average retinal thickness and mean local variations in a normal population were defined using a commercially available mapping software. OCT seems a sensitive tool for detecting early retinal thickening.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral macular pseudocoloboma associated with chronic renal insufficiency in two sisters].

We report Meier's syndrome in two sisters, with combined macular pseudocoloboma and end-stage renal failure. The two sisters, aged 12 and 17 years, presented with a bilateral macular coloboma and slight myopic shift reducing visual acuity to 20/60 in one sibling and 20/100 in the other sibling. No other ocular abnormalities were present. The electroretinograms were normal. In both patients renal grafts were performed with good results. The mother and the 4 other siblings were unaffected. This observation underlines the need to check kidney function in case of bilateral pseudocoloboma.

Adolescent↗