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Biomedical subjects

M Partinen

Publications and source records attributed to M Partinen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Determinants of respiratory disturbance and oxygen saturation drop indices in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

Although chronic sleep fragmentation and oxygen saturation (Sao2) drops alone do not induce obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), both are part of the feedback loop leading to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). To determine factors in respiratory disturbance and Sao2 drops, we used polysomnographic and cephalometric data from 120 OSAS patients to construct a model which we then applied prospectively to 25 new OSAS patients, calculating the correlation between observed and predicted values. We found body mass index and the amount of stage 1 non-rapid eye movement sleep to be significant variables when considering both the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and Sao2 drops. Posterior airway space was also a significant variable for RDI. Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as the percentage of forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), was significant when considering Sao2 drops. Upper airway abnormalities were also significant variables in the models and must be considered when treating OSAS patients.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Cognitive function in middle-aged snorers and controls: role of excessive daytime somnolence and sleep-related hypoxic events.

Association of snoring and cognitive function was studied in 46 habitually snoring men ages 41-52 years, and 60 occasionally or never-snoring control male subjects of the same age group. Sleep recordings with monitoring of apneas and hypopneas were made with the static-charge sensitive bed method. Blood oxygen saturation was measured with an oximeter and the snoring sounds were recorded with a microphone after clinical and neuropsychological assessment. A questionnaire with items on excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), sleep, and snoring quality was also used. EDS (as measured by items on the questionnaire) associated with tests requiring concentration, memory retention, and verbal and spatial skills in the habitual snorers group. The number of oxygen desaturation episodes exceeding 4% associated with defective delayed Recall of Logical Stories of the Wechsler Memory Scale and with spatial orientation (Clock test) in the habitual snorers' group even after adjusting for age and obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Periodic leg movement, sleep fragmentation and central sleep apnoea in two cases: reduction with Clonazepam.

Two subjects presented with periodic leg movement (PLM) syndrome during sleep that was characterized by marked sleep fragmentation and repetitive short central apnoeas. Treatment of PLM using Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine with hypnotic properties, markedly reduced the sleep fragmentation due to PLM and, despite its depressant properties on the central nervous system, controlled the repetitive central apnoeas. These two observations, although rare, give insight into the role of non-ventilatory variables in the development of sleep apnoea. Significant sleep fragmentation should be considered when assessing factors leading to respiratory instability during sleep and/or the pathophysiology of sleep apnoea syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of exercise effects on sleep.

This survey was designed to study the characteristics of sleep and perceived factors promoting and disturbing sleep. Several living habits, such as exercise, and characteristics of sleep were investigated independently of each other by a pretested questionnaire and a sleep diary which were mailed to a stratified random sample of 200 men and women in each of the age groups 36, 41, 46 and 50 years (N = 1600). The response rate was 75%. Every third respondent felt that exercise (e.g. jogging and evening walks) had a positive impact on sleep quality. The most frequently perceived positive effects of exercise were ease of falling asleep, deepness of sleep, a sense of wellbeing and more alertness in the morning. Negative perceived effects of exercise were uncommon. The balance of positive and negative perceived effects of exercise was more favourable when the activity was performed early in the evening compared to late at night. When both the intensity and the timing of exercise were considered, light and moderate exercise, especially early in the evening, had mainly positive effects on sleep. The frequency of negative impacts increased when the exercise was performed vigorously late at night. However, a considerable portion of vigorous late exercisers reported mainly positive effects. The available information suggests that especially light and moderate exercise early in the evening should be emphasised in health education as a means to enhance sleep and to improve its quality. However, the epidemiological information about exercise and sleep should be investigated and verified in detail using objective methods and controlled interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Snoring as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and stroke in men.

The association of snoring with ischaemic heart disease and stroke was studied prospectively in 4388 men aged 40-69. The men were asked, in a questionnaire sent to them, whether they snored habitually, frequently, occasionally, or never. Hospital records and death certificates were checked for the next three years to establish how many of the men developed ischaemic heart disease or stroke: the numbers were 149 and 42, respectively. Three categories of snoring were used for analysis: habitual and frequent snorers (n = 1294), occasional snorers (n = 2614), and non-snorers (n = 480). The age adjusted relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.91 (p less than 0.01) and for ischaemic heart disease or stroke, or both, 2.38 (p less than 0.001). There were no cases of stroke among the non-snorers. Adjustment for age, body mass index, history of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol use did not significantly decrease the relative risks, which were 1.71 (p greater than 0.05) for ischaemic heart disease and 2.08 (p less than 0.01) for ischaemic heart disease and stroke combined. At the beginning of follow up in 1981, 462 men reported a history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. For them the relative risk of ischaemic heart disease between habitual plus frequent snorers and non-snorers was 1.30 (NS); for men without previous ischaemic heart disease 2.72 (p less than 0.05). Snoring seems to be a potential determinant of risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Central sleep apnea and partial obstruction of the upper airway.

Seven men with central sleep apnea underwent polygraphic monitoring during sleep for at least 3 nights, in combination with other tests. Five patients had complaints of disturbed sleep; the other 2 were selected because they had central sleep apnea caused by bilateral brainstem lesions. The first 5 had a small upper airway, documented by cephalometric roentgenograms. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure, administered to improve the suspected respiratory load during sleep, eliminated the central sleep apnea in the first 5 patients but had, as expected, no positive effect on the central apnea of the 2 patients with brainstem lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Snoring and dementia.

The frequency of snoring was studied in 46 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 37 with multiinfarct dementia (MID), and in a random sample of 124 elderly community residents without known diseases affecting higher cortical functions. The demented patients were reported to snore twice as frequently as the control subjects (P less than 0.05). No difference in the frequency of snoring was present between the patients with AD and MID. In contrast to younger populations, snoring was not significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity in this elderly population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sleep apnea in multiinfarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Sleep-related hypopneas and apneas were studied in 19 patients with multiinfarct dementia (MID), in 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in 26 healthy control subjects using the Static Charge-Sensitive Bed (SCSB) method. Demented patients had more apneas or hypopneas and more disturbed sleep than the control subjects. Over 10 apneas/hypopneas per hour of sleep were detected in 47.5% of the demented patients and in 19.2% of the control subjects (p less than 0.05). Restlessness comprised 46.7% of the time in bed in patients with AD and 49.6% in those with MID, but only 102.% in the control subjects (p less than 0.001, controls versus demented). The total duration of apneas and hypopneas calculated from the total sleeping time was greater than 10% in 60.0% of the demented patients and in 15.4% of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). Patients with MID tended to have more apneas/hypopneas than those with AD, and apneas/hypopneas tended to increase in direct proportion to the severity of dementia. Age had no effect on the proportion of apneas and hypopneas among demented patients or control subjects, but male controls had more apneas and hypopneas than did female controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Sleep apnoea and daytime sleepiness in acromegaly: relationship to endocrinological factors.

Sleep history and pituitary function were studied and sleep polygraphy performed in 11 acromegalic patients before and after pituitary surgery. Excessive daytime sleepiness or habitual snoring or both together, as well as an elevated fasting level of serum GH occurred in all the patients. In five men but in none of the women an abnormal number of episodes of sleep apnoea were observed. Pituitary adenomectomy improved the apnoea frequency in one patient, whereas in the others the abnormality was still present 1 year later. After operation the fasting level of serum GH became normal in eight patients, two of them with persisting sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea syndrome is common and clinically important in acromegaly. Its early diagnosis using polygraphic monitoring is emphasized, as it is a treatable disorder.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1987

Nocturnal periodic breathing in adults with Down's syndrome.

Nineteen adults with Down's syndrome were studied with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) method. A single whole-night recording was made of each subject. Two different periodic breathing indices (PBIf and PBI%) were calculated from a computerized analysis of these recordings. A polygraphic recording was also made of one subject, a 52-year-old male. The EEG, the EOG, the EMG, nasal and oral airflow, and diaphragmatic movement were recorded, the latter with an abdominal strain gauge and with the SCSB-method simultaneously. Good correlation was found between the recording with the SCSB and the strain gauge. The apnoea index (AI) calculated from the polygraphic recording was 23.3, while the PBIf of this patient recorded on another night and analysed automatically was 45 and the PBI% was 78.6. The patient group was divided into those aged 40 or older (n = 10) and those aged 39 or younger (n = 9). The mean PBI% of the older group was 24.0 while that of the younger group was 5.4 (t = 2.23; P less than 0.05). The mean PBIf of the older group was 16.7 and that of the younger was 3.6 (t = 2.70; P = less than 0.02). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the younger group was significantly higher than the mean BMI of the older group. The mean BMI of those patients, whose PBI values were considered to be normal (PBI% less than 3, PBIf less than 7), did not significantly differ from the BMI of those patients, whose PBI-values were abnormal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Periodic breathing and hypoxia in snorers and controls: validation of snoring history and association with blood pressure and obesity.

Fifty-two men (aged 41-50 years) of whom 25 reported habitual and 27 of occasional or never snoring were examined clinically. Whole-night sleep recordings of body and breathing movements, snoring and blood oxygen saturation were made. Hypoxic events exceeding 4% from the baseline were counted. Ninety-three percent of those classified snorers by the recordings were habitual or occasional snorers, but 50% of those similarly classified non-snorers had reported habitual or occasional snoring. Four habitual snorers had abnormal breathing indices and polysomnography established obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in one. Thus, self-reported habitual snoring is a reliable OSAS-screening method. Estimated prevalence of OSAS based on this study is 0.4-1.4%. In multivariate regression analysis, the hypoxic events were explained by obesity and apneic events. The diastolic blood pressure level was best explained by obesity, but not hypoxic or apneic events or snoring history.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Obstructive sleep apneic patients have craniomandibular abnormalities.

One hundred fifty-five unselected obstructive sleep apneic patients seen in succession had cephalometric roentgenograms and polygraphic recordings performed. These patients were compared to a group of 41 subjects who had consulted orthodontists for malocclusion and had no clinical indication of sleep apnea. The cephalometric landmarks were also compared to those published as normative data in the literature. The limits of "normalcy" were conservatively defined as mean +/- 2 standard deviations. Only two obstructive sleep apneic patients had normal cephalometric landmarks and 150 of the 155 patients had at least two significantly different landmarks from the normative data in the literature. The common findings were a retroposition of the mandible, a different cranial base flexure with a nasion-sella-basion angle more acute than expected, and a displacement of the hyoid bone to a lower position than expected. These combined changes reduced the space occupied by soft tissues anchored on the skull and mandible, and the length of the soft palate was increased.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Automatic analysis of static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) recordings in the evaluation of sleep-related apneas.

An automatic analysis of Static Charge Sensitive Bed (SCSB) recordings was evaluated in the detecting periodic apneas during sleep. The results of over-night SCSB recordings, on body movements and respiratory movements, were compared with the visually evaluated polygraphic recordings during daytime sleep. Twenty-one patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 18 controls were studied. The periodic breathing pattern seen in all daytime recordings, was also seen in all output graphs of the over-night SCSB analyses. The automatic analyses revealed periodic breathing in 2 control subjects. The amount was, however, small (less than 4% of the recording time) compared with the high amount observed in the patients with obstructive sleep apneas (mean 42.9% of the recording time). The high sensitivity, easy use, and low cost of the automatic SCSB method make it suitable for the quantification of the periodic breathing during night and for the screening of sleep apneas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Snoring and cerebral infarction.

The association of snoring with cerebral infarction was tested in a case-control study of 50 male patients with cerebral infarction and 100 male patients with other disorders. Cerebral infarction was significantly associated with habitual (almost always or always) snoring; the risk ratio of cerebral infarction between those who did and did not snore habitually was 10.3 (95% confidence limits 3.5-30.1). The corresponding risk ratio was 2.8 (95% CL 1.3-5.8) for snoring often, almost always, or always compared with snoring occasionally or never, but the association was still significant. The association was also found when age and body mass index were taken into account.

Adult↗