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Biomedical subjects

M Pascoe

Publications and source records attributed to M Pascoe.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Overview of a paediatric renal transplant programme.

INTRODUCTION: Renal transplantation is the therapy of choice for children with end-stage renal failure. There are many challenges associated with a paediatric programme in a developing country where organs are limited. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of 149 paediatric renal transplants performed between 1968 and 2006 with specific emphasis on transplants performed in the last 10 years. Survival of patients and grafts was analysed and specific problems related to drugs and infections were reviewed. RESULTS: On review of the total programme, 60% of the transplants have been performed in the last 10 years, with satisfactory overall patient and graft survival for the first 8 years post transplant. At this point, transfer to adult units with non-compliance becomes a significant problem. Rejection is less of a problem than previously but infection is now a bigger issue--specifically tuberculosis (TB), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections with related complications. A wide variety of drugs are available for tailoring immunosuppression to minimise side-effects. CONCLUSION: It is possible to have a successful paediatric transplant programme in a developing country. However, to improve long-term outcomes certain issues need to be addressed, including reduction of nephrotoxic drugs and cardiovascular risk factors and providing successful adolescent to adult unit transition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Huntington's disease and low tryptophan diet.

Beal et al have postulated that abnormal metabolism of tryptophan or quinolinic acid underlies the mechanism which causes brain damage in Huntington's disease. A case history is reported where a low tryptophan diet was associated with an unexpectedly good outcome. It is possible that a low tryptophan diet may alter the course of Huntington's disease, either by postponing onset or diminishing the severity of symptoms.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Does "black" brain mean doom? Computed tomography in the prediction of outcome in children with severe head injuries: "benign" vs "malignant" brain swelling.

A retrospective review of initial and subsequent CT scans of 179 children who has suffered severe head injury requiring admission to intensive care was performed. The aim was to define the CT appearance which was always associated with a poor outcome. The children whose brain showed poor definition of basal ganglia and grey-white differentiation overall, together with sufficient swelling to obliterate the ambient cistern and third ventricle always died or remained in a vegetative state. Over half of these had reduced brain density, and several had small focal high densities consistent with contusions or petechial haemorrhages. A typical appearance showed homogeneous scans at the levels of the ambient cistern and thalami with no normal internal brain detail. Conversely obliteration of the ambient cistern associated with a large surface collection was compatible with complete recovery if grey-white definition remained normal and treatment was prompt.

Brain Edema↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral cysticercosis: a case report with particular reference to recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Cerebral cysticercosis is becoming more common in Australia as the immigrant population from areas of endemic disease increases. The case reported exemplifies the common presentation of this interesting infestation. Treatment consists primarily of Praziquantel with or without steroids and anti-seizure medication if indicated. Follow-up is by both clinical and radiological assessment.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

[Mammography and age (author's transl)].

Following Egan (2), Gros et al. (8,9), Ingleby and Gershon-Cohen (11) and Witten (18) the appearances of mammograms were divided into four groups: I. Dense, II. Atrophic, III. Shrunken-fibrous and IV. Cotton-wool, diffuse. In young women up to the age of 30 a dense structure is the most common (74.8%). On the basis of available statistics, the use of mammography for routine detection of carcinoma of the breast cannot be justified in women under the age of 30; not only is this condition very rare at this age, but proper evaluation of the relevant signs is only possible in one woman in four because of the structure of the breast. On the other hand, if there is any suspicion of the presence of a carcinoma, then mammography should be carried out and additional forms of examination, such as thermography and xerography, should not be neglected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential renoprotective effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker eprosartan: a review of preliminary renal studies.

The importance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathogenesis of hypertension and in renal disease, particularly in patients with diabetes, has become increasingly evident. Pharmacological blockade of the RAAS offers potential for the therapeutic management of these pathologies. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II (AII) receptor blockers have been shown to exhibit effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension. AII receptor blockers have a renal protective effect owing to their ability to reduce systemic blood and intraglomerular pressures. Eprosartan is a chemically distinct AII blocker, which displays a dual mode of action whereby it blocks both pre- and postsynaptic AT(1) receptors, potentially benefiting patients with hypertension and renal disease. In addition, evidence suggests that eprosartan is well tolerated by both healthy subjects and patients with varying degree of renal impairment, such that the dose does not need to be modified in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Results from preliminary studies demonstrates that eprosartan doses will below those required for blood pressure control have a pronounced effect on the kidney and do not compromise renal autoregulatory mechanisms. Therefore, eprosartan may have a benefit in the prevention or delay of renal damage in hypertensive patients with renal impairment, although this remains to be determined in a clinical setting.

Acrylates↗