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Biomedical subjects

M Payet

Publications and source records attributed to M Payet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hepatitis B antigenaemia on Wuvulu Island.

A survey of the population of Wuvulu Island was undertaken to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B antigenaemia (HBsAg). Seventy-five percent of the population were tested, and 17.7% of those tested were positive for HBsAg. The percentage of positive sera increased with age but declined in the 5th decade of life. There was a marked difference in positivity between the two villages on the island (25.9% and 9.9%) which cannot be explained by several existing hypotheses for HBsAg transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Forecasting the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by the use of risk factors: studies in West Africa.

An association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) has been found in several studies in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere. In this paper we considered the interrelations between several events related to HBV infection, which include the presence of: 1) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 2) antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), 3) antibody to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), 4) chronic liver disease, 5) elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and 6) PHC. With the use of preliminary epidemiologic data, risk factors related to these events were calculated. We suggested that the interactions between these events and HBV infection in parents be used to estimate the risk of PHC for an individual in this environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Host responses to hepatitis-B infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and their families. A case/control study in Senegal, West Africa.

A case/control study of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (P.H.C.) and their families was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. 28 P.H.C. cases were matched by age,sex, and ethnic group with 28 controls. Serum was collected from cases, controls, parents (28 mothers, 27 fathers) of cases, parents of controls, 71 siblings of cases, and 58 siblings of controls. Assays of their sera for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) produced the following results. (1) Nearly all P.H.C. cases (97%) and controls (93%) had some evidence of infection with hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.), but the cases were more likely to be anti-HBc(+) and less likely to be anti-HBs(+) than the controls. (2) Most of the mothers of the cases were HBsAg(+) (71%), whereas only 14% of the mothers of controls were HBsAg(+). Lover titres of anti-HBs were less common in the mothers of the cases. (3) None of 27 fathers of cases had detectable anti-HBs, but 13 (48%) of the fathers of controls were anti-HBs(+). (4) Siblings of the P.H.C. cases were more likely to have anti-HBs than either their sibs with P.H.C. or the sibs of the controls. However, sibs of P.H.C. cases had lower titres of anti-HBs than the sibs of the controls. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the P.H.C. cases were infected with H.B.V. by their mothers and that there was an environmental factor which affected the immunological response of all family members to H.B.V. Infection with H.B.V. and the mode of response to that infection among members of families appear to be major factors in the aetiology of P.H.C. in West Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The relation of infection with the hepatitis B-agent to primary hepatic carcinoma (author's transl)].

In Asia, Africa and other tropical areas primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is associated with liver cirrhosis of the post-necrotic (macronodular) type. Chronic viral hepatitis is likely to be the cause of this cirrhosis in many patients from regions where chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common. More than 95% of patients with hepatoma (in Mali and Senegal) have evidence of infection with HBV, a much higher frequency than in controls. Thirty-nine of 62 PHC patients had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) (controls: 8 of 98) and 56 of 63 (controls: 26 of 100) had antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBC). In earlier studies we demonstrated a maternal effect of HBSAg. If the mother has the antigen and the father does not, the children are much more likely to also have HBSAg than if the father has the antigen and the mother does not (93/161 = 57.8% when mother is positive vs. 28/135 = 20.7% when father is positive; p = 0.6 X 10(-10)). Studies in Greece and in the Solomon Islands show that presence of HBSAg in parents affects the sex ratio of the offspring of the mating. This implies that the presence of the agent in a parent can affect the fetus early in life. Parental studies in the African hepatoma patients showed that there is a very high frequency of HBSAg in mothers (71.6%) while the frequency in fathers (18.5%) is significantly less. This suggests that the development of hepatoma in offspring is related to infection in parents. We described a vaccine several years ago which may be useful in preventing infection with hepatitis B. Strategies are discussed which might be effective in preventing the development of carriers with, it is hoped, a consequent decrease in the frequency of HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis and primary hepatic carcinoma. The strategy would employ methods for decreasing the frequency of the agent in the environment by the application of public health methods including the vaccination of appropriate newborns and other members of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

"Topical nephropathy" and "tropical extramembranous glomerulonephritis" of unknown aetiology in Senegal.

A study of renal biopsy specimens obtained in Senegal from 24 children and six adults with nephrotic syndrome showed two unusual varieties of nephropathy--namely, an extramembranous glomerulonephritis associated with hypocomplementaemia (four cases), a combination previously described only in systemic lupus erythematosus, and a "tropical nephropathy" (16 cases). The latter, though lacking the diffuse glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin described in quartan malarial nephropathy (Q.M.N.), showed a curious progressive and segmental glomerulosclerosis, characterized by a "flaking" or fibrillary splitting of the glomerular capillary wall, seen in Q.M.N. Serological evidence of malaria was lacking in a third of the childhood cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The relation of infection with the hepatitis B agent to primary hepatic carcinoma.

In Asia, Africa, and other tropical areas, primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is associated with liver cirrhosis of the postnecrotic (macronodular) type. Chronic viral hepatitis is likely to be the cause of this cirrhosis in many patients from regions where chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common. More than 95% of patients with hepatoma (in Mali and Senegal) have evidence of infection with HBV, a much higher frequency than in controls. Thirty-nine of 62 patients with PHC had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (controls, 8 of 98) and 56 of 63 (controls, 26 of 100) had antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). In earlier studies, we demonstrated a maternal effect of HBsAg. If the mother has the antigen and the father does not, the children are much more likely to also have HBsAg than if the father has the antigen and the mother does not (93/161 = 57.8% when mother is positive vs. 28/135 = 20.7% when father is positive; P = 0.6 X 10(-10)). Studies in Greece and in the Solomon Islands show that presence of HBsAg in parents affects the sex ratio of the offspring of the mating. This implies that the presence of the agent in a parent can affect the fetus early in life. Parental studies in the west African hepatoma patients showed that there is a very high frequency of HBsAg in mothers (71.6%), while the frequency in fathers (18.5%) is significantly less. This suggests that the development of hepatoma in offspring is related to infection in parents. Several years ago, we described a vaccine which may be useful in preventing infection with hepatitis B. Strategies are discussed which might be effective in preventing the development of carriers with, it is hoped, a consequent decrease in the frequency of HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis, and primary hepatic carcinoma. The strategy would employ methods for decreasing the frequency of the agent in the environment by the application of public health methods including the vaccination of appropriate newborns and other members of the population.

Africa↗