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Biomedical subjects

M Peña

Publications and source records attributed to M Peña.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

A comparative study of two diets in the treatment of primary exogenous obesity in children.

One hundred four children, six to fourteen years of age, with primary exogenous obesity were randomly distributed in order to be subjected to two different diets, ketogenic (low carbohydrate) and hypocaloric, for eight weeks. Body weight, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, a glucose tolerance test, blood glucose and plasma insulin determination were performed before and after both diets. The results revealed significant differences in body weight and triglyceride concentrations with the two diets although they were more remarkable with the ketogenic diet. There were significant differences in the fasting insulin levels, insulinogenic index, and insulin concentration after a glucose tolerance test in the patients subjected to a ketogenic diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Serum non-esterified fatty acid in undernourished children during recovery.

Seventy-one children from five to sixty months of age with protein-energy malnutrition were classified into compensated and incompensated groups. Serum non-esterified fatty acid concentration was determined in every child at admission and in a control group of thirty-one well-nourished children. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the three groups. Twenty of the undernourished patients were subjected to follow-up study at weekly intervals. Ten out of the twenty recovered immediately, showing signficantly decreasing serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations in the weekly intervals. The other ten did not present any definite pattern of behaviour.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1975

The product albumin by alpha-globulin in the assessment of protein nutritional status.

The product albumin by alpha-globulins (A X alpha) was determined in the serum of two hundred preschool children with protein-calorie malnutrition grouped according to clinical-anthropometric categories, and the results were compared with those obtained in a group of one hundred well-nourished children of the same age range. Though values obtained in malnourished children showed significant differences from those obtained in the controls, this parameter does not allow a biochemical distinction among the four groups studied.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Home oxygen therapy in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

Eight babies with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were discharged from a private hospital at Santiago, Chile, on a program that provided oxygen therapy at home. Mean gestational age was 27 +/- 2 weeks and mean birth weight was 1,181 +/- 353 g. Discharge was decided after stabilization of arterial PO2 or O2 Sat, PCO2 less than 50 mmHg and adequate weight gain. Prior to discharge parents were trained in O2 administration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Oxygen was given at home for a mean of 71 days (range 7 to 339). There were no complications secondary to oxygen therapy. At follow up in only two cases additional hospitalizations were needed, in both instances because of intercurrent respiratory infections. Weight gain between 3d and 50th percentile were seen in all cases. Oxygen therapy at home appears to be a good alternative in the treatment of infants with BPD, and it reduces significantly hospital stay and costs. Both optimal family conditions and adequate support at home are needed.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tomographic densitometry of the human thorax].

We show the first clinical images obtained by a new tomographic system based on the detection of the scattered gamma photons of 99mTc by the chest tissues. These images show satisfactory contrast and tomographic effect on the half-chest near the radioactive source. Both effects tend to decrease on the contralateral half-chest. The images rendered important data in differential diagnosis of perfusion defects evident by lung scintigraphy with macroaggregated albumin labeled with 99mTc. Pulmonary density was normal and homogeneous in a healthy volunteer and also in a patient with pulmonary embolism. It demonstrated a hyperdense pulmonary mass in a patient with tumor of the right lung, which produced a perfusion defect evident in the conventional lung scintiscan, and a shadow in the gamma ray transmission image.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental evaluation of a tomographic system of the thorax by detection of the dispersion of technetium-99m radiation].

Based on a previous theoretical study, a simple device for the acquisition of bidimensional tomographic images of the human chest densitometry was designed. A radioactive linear source (99mTc) was adapted to the lateral aspect of a gamma camera detector in order to register only those photons scattered at 90 degrees. Resulting images from a liver phantom stuffed with saw dust, showed an evident tomographic effect and a satisfactory contrast between the structures sited at less than 20 cm from the source. These effects tend to decrease with distance. The causes of these deficiencies of the system and their possible corrections are discussed.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial fibrodysplasia causing occlusive vascular disease simulating primary vasculitis.

We report a case of arterial fibrodysplasia causing vascular disease with ulceronecrotic lesions in lower extremities. The arteriography showed a beaded pattern in both arteries and veins; laboratory test findings were within normal value ranges; the biopsy reported medial hyperplasia involving the arterial and venous walls. Arterial fibrodysplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients complaining of recurrent occlusive vascular episodes without systemic manifestations, normal laboratory test results, and radiological patterns suggestive of fibrodysplasia. This is the first report of medial hyperplasia in digital arteries and venous wall involvement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute myocardial infarction related to cocaine use. Report of a case].

Cocaine use has been associated with ischemic syndromes, especially angor pectoris, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. A significant number of persons suffering from myocardial infarction associated with cocaine abuse do not have significant coronary atherosclerosis, and the mechanism for infarction in these patients have remained obscure. This report describes a young man with angiographically normal coronary arteries in whom cocaine abuse probably produced coronary artery spasm leading to coronary thrombosis and infarction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemodynamic effects of oral captopril in patients with critical aortic stenosis].

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the hemodynamic and ventricular function effects of oral captopril in severe aortic stenosis. PATIENT POPULATION: inclusion criteria: patients older than 18 years with critical aortic stenosis. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used previously contraindication to right catheterisation aortic insufficiency, valvular prosthesis in aortic position, or other valvulopathy. As well as the need for immediate valvular aortic replacement arrhythmia, A-V conduction alterations, or ventilatory support. PROTOCOL: prospective, no randomized. Swan-Ganz catheter was used. Basal hemodynamic measurements were made on 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours during 48 hours. Captopril was administered 12.5 mg first and then 8 mg tid (6 doses). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Neuman-Keuls test was used for multivariate comparisons. Statistical significance was determined with P < 0.05. RESULTS: 22 patients were analyzed. Systemic vascular resistance fell from 1750 Dyn/seg/cm-5 to 1200 (P-0.001), cardiac output increased from 4.1l/min to 5.8 (P-0.001), cardiac index increased from 2.4 l/min/m2 to 2.9 (P-0.009), stroke volume from 47 ml to 64 (P-0.04) and stroke volume index from 27 ml/m2 to 36 (P-0.002). In patients with heart failure (n = 7) the systemic vascular resistance fell from 2050 Dyn/seg/cm-5 to 1463 (P-0.04), cardiac output increased from 2.8l/min to 4.1 (P-0.04), cardiac index from 2.07 l/min/m2 to 2.75 (P-0.04), stroke volume from 46 ml to 64 (P-0.03), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell from 19 mmHg to 16 (0.04) and the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure fell from 63 mmHg to 42 (P-0.009). CONCLUSIONS: captopril improves the hemodynamic parameters in patients with critical aortic stenosis, principally in those with heart failure.

Administration, Oral↗