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Biomedical subjects

M Pelzer

Publications and source records attributed to M Pelzer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Electronic documentation of injuries of the hand with a semantic network: effective and efficient methods for the documentation of clinical and administrative processes].

BACKGROUND: An efficient medical documentation is mandatory for a trauma-oriented department in the DRG environment. Besides the continuously increasing clinical/administrative demands, the additional documentation for quality assurance, clinical studies, and research requires additional efforts. Standard solutions are only partially effective. Especially in hand surgery there is a high demand for sophisticated clinical documentation, represented by a wide variety of classifications in diagnosis and therapy. The standard documentation tools lack accuracy. The development of a software tool that defines administrative/business processes and simultaneously generates clinical and administrative information was the goal of this project. METHODS AND RESULTS: With a standard medical terminology, an innovative semantic network, and a completely new graphical user interface, it was possible to develop and introduce a software program specifically adjusted for hand surgery. This program facilitated for the first time a single-stage acquisition of clinically relevant scientific data and the simultaneous generation of DRG, quality assurance, and administrative data relevant for the hospital's revenues. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed software tool is a step forward into a new dimension of medical software, obviating the need for multi/documentation and significantly improving the quality of clinically relevant medical data.

Computer Graphics↗

[Survival strategy of burn centers in the context of the German DRG system: reimbursement].

BACKGROUND: The system of German diagnosis-related groups (G-DRG) has undergone modifications for burn cases (Y-DRG) since 2003. The DRG catalog includes two of seven Y-DRGs without a case weight. METHODS: The BG Trauma Center in Ludwigshafen could demonstrate that the cost of burn care treatment could not be reimbursed through Y-DRGs in 2004. RESULTS: By being accredited as a so-called "individual hospital-based unit" for burn care (Besondere Einrichtung), it was possible to agree to an "all-inclusive" contract. The daily rate is reimbursed with 2792 Euros/day. The reimbursement of the treatment of burn patients is thus cost covering. CONCLUSION: In summary the budget for 2006 should be calculated by an individualized hospital rate for all Y-DRGs, especially as it was shown that the additional payments (Zusatzentgelte) for selected therapies did not cover the costs of special treatments in burn care in 2005 and 2006. The problem has been recognized and published internationally. The special and cost-intensive treatment of burn patients is difficult to calculate in a system of diagnosis-related groups due to the low number of cases.

Budgets↗

[Experiences with the distally based dorsal metacarpal artery (DMCA) flap and its variants in 41 cases].

Distally based DMCA flaps are an established procedure for soft tissue reconstruction in the hand. Since the introduction of the DMCA flaps, several variants have been developed to match specific defect requirements. The aim of this retrospective study is to give an overview of the experience with the DMCA flaps based on a single center's experience. 41 distally based DMCA flaps have been performed from 2000 to 2004. Twenty-nine times a distally based DMCA flap has been performed, nine times the extended distally based DMCA flap and three times a distally based DMCA fascial flap. In summary, 34 flaps showed no complications, five had a partial necrosis, but were successfully treated with split-thickness skin graft, and two flaps were lost due to infections. The distally based DMCA flaps II to IV have proven to be reliable flaps, but nevertheless require sufficient surgical experience. They are suitable for any kind of defects, including burn reconstruction. Defects of the entire finger can be covered by the various variants of the DMCA flaps.

Adolescent↗

[The hypothenar hammer syndrome].

The hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS) is a rare form of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon in workers who frequently use the ulnar side of the palm as a hammer. Clinically the patient with HHS shows neurologic symptoms such as paresthesia, numbness and pain and signs of vascular insufficiency such as coldness, pallor, discoloration and blanching of the affected ulnar sided fingers. The diagnosis is verified by angiography, showing thrombosis or aneurysm of the distal ulnar artery. We report on the treatment and outcome of 5 patients with HHS. All patients were painfree after treatment. But with the ongoing working habit of using the hand as a hammer there is always the risk of a recurrence. Therefore the job environment has to be changed considerably and the most effort should go into prevention and prophylaxis. If the change of the working habit is not possible, the job is clearly at stake.

Accidents, Occupational↗

Clinical practice of glycerol preserved allograft skin coverage.

This retrospective study examines the use and advantages/disadvantages of glycerol preserved human allograft skin in our burn care facility between February 1997 and December 1999. Three hundred and twenty patients were included into the study, 85 of whom were treated with human cadaver skin. The usage of allograft slightly increased the number of operative procedures per percent of the total body surface area burn. There were no adverse effects noted from the use of allograft. The group of patients with allograft use had a significantly larger burn size, ABSI score and length of ICU stay. Demographically the groups were comparable. The considerably easier handling and storage of glycerol preserved allograft skin make it preferable to cryopreserved allograft skin in all indications where it is used as a temporary wound closure. We recommend the usage of cryopreserved skin in cases where the integration of a dermal component as a permanent part of wound closure is desired.

Adolescent↗

[Surgical concepts and results in necrotizing fasciitis].

INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive soft tissue infection involving primarily the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissue. The disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or synergistic infection of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Further characteristics are severe, intolerable pain and a mortality of 30-50%. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1996 to January 2000 12 patients underwent treatment for NF. The patients' charts were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: In 7 patients the bacterial cultures showed a mixed, polymicrobial infection and in 5 cases only Streptococcus pyogenes. The NF was localized at the upper extremity (2), abdomen (3), back (1), hip (2) and lower extremity (4). The area involved was 8 (4-11)% of the total body surface. The surgical procedures in 12 patients were debridement (60x), local transposition flap (2), free muscle flaps (3), lower leg amputation (1) and split thickness skin graft (3x). Four patients developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and two died. In total there were four deaths with a mortality of 33%. In the "survivor group" the time to diagnosis was 2.8 (1-7) days, the time to radical surgery 3.3 (1-9) days. In the "mortality group" it was 6.8 (3-10) days or 9.3 (6-12) days. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of NF seems to be influenced by the site of the infection, because 4 out of 6 patients with NF of the abdomen, back or hip died, but all patients with NF of the extremities survived. The age of the patient is not a key parameter, because also young and previously healthy people also die from the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The interval between diagnosis and radical debridement appears to be the crucial factor in terms of prognosis, since early diagnosis and prompt, radical surgery improves the survival rate.

Adult↗

Effect of immersion, submersion, and scuba diving on heart rate variability.

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the cyclic variations in heart rate and offers a non-invasive tool for investigating the modulatory effects of neural mechanisms elicited by the autonomic nervous system on intrinsic heart rate. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the HRV concept to healthy volunteers under control conditions and during scuba diving. In contrast with more established manoeuvres, diving probably activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system through various stimuli-for example, through cardiac stretch receptors, respiration pattern, psychological stress, and diving reflex. A further aim of the study was to introduce a measure for determining a candidate's ability to scuba dive by providing (a) standard values for HRV measures (three from the time domain and three from the frequency domain) and (b) physiological responses to a strenuous manoeuvre such as scuba diving. METHODS: Twenty five trained scuba divers were investigated while diving under pool conditions (27 degrees C) after the effects of head out immersion and submersion on HRV had been studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: (a) Immersion under pool conditions is a powerful stimulus for both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (b) As neither the heart rate nor the HRV changed on going from immersion to submersion, the parasympathetic activation was probably due to haemodynamic alterations. (c) All HRV measures showed an increase in the parasympathetic activity. (d) If a physiological HRV is a mechanism for providing adaptability and flexibility, diving should not provoke circulatory problems in healthy subjects. (e) Either a lower than normal HRV under control conditions or a reduction in HRV induced by diving would be unphysiological, and a scuba diving candidate showing such characteristics should be further investigated.

Adult↗

[Reconstruction of defects of the anterior abdominal wall].

Reconstruction of the abdominal wall is of importance in many clinical situations, but may require the entire spectrum of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Indications for particular procedures depend on the clinical situation and the patient's individual profile. One has to differentiate between life-saving primary measures and secondary corrections to improve form or function. The article outlines current actual concepts of plastic surgical defect reconstruction with which the general/visceral surgeon should be acquainted, in order to integrate these concepts into a multi-disciplinary approach in pertinent clinical situations.

Abdominal Muscles↗

[Covering soft tissue defects and unstable scars over the Achilles tendon by free microsurgical flap-plasty].

INTRODUCTION: Coverage of the exposed Achilles tendon requires thin, supple tissue to provide adequate range of motion and a satisfying aesthetic result for the distal lower extremity. Various local flaps and free flaps have been described for reconstruction of small and large defects. Small defects can be closed with local tissue, whereas free flap coverage may be necessary for coverage of large defects. METHODS: From July 1993 to September 1998 14 patients between the age of 15 and 74 years (mean 47 years; 3 female, 11 male) underwent free flap coverage for the exposed Achilles tendon due to primary trauma, chronic wounds or tumors. The mean duration of follow-up was 33.3 months. The defect size ranged from 8 x 8 to 25 x 28 cm. RESULTS: Six parascapular flaps (three with a vascularized scapular fascial extension), four radial forearm flaps and four latissimus dorsi flaps (one combined with free serratus fascia) were used for soft tissue coverage over the Achilles tendon. Thirteen flaps survived. In one case a parascapular flap had to be removed due to venous thrombosis and a free latissimus dorsi flap was used as secondary salvage procedure. The donor site morbidity was acceptable for most patients after flap harvesting in the subscapular region and also satisfactory in the forearm region. Average active range of motion in the upper ankle joint was 15-0-40 degrees for extension/flexion. All patients were satisfied with the functional and aesthetic result. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue coverage over the exposed Achilles tendon requires an optimal solution for each patient to achieve an aesthetically pleasing result and acceptable function. Microvascular free flaps can be used to reconstruct medium and large defects and to provide gliding tissue for the Achilles tendon. The complication rate of microvascular flaps is comparable with that of local flaps.

Achilles Tendon↗

[Effect of recombinant growth hormone on wound healing in severely burned adults. A placebo controlled, randomized double-blind phase II study].

INTRODUCTION: Recombinant growth hormone (rGH) has been used successfully in burned children with a shortened donor-site healing time and length of hospital stay as well as a protein-sparing effect. In adult burn patients, no comparable study exists to date. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on 49 adults, aged 18-60, with an Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) score of 7-I1 as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The treatment period was 28 days and follow-up period 1 year. rGH was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 lU/kg per day in 26 patients, 23 patients were in the placebo group. Wound-closure assessment was performed on the day of admission and on each day of dressing change. A wound-closure index (WCI) was calculated. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients, 19 in the rGH group and 18 in the placebo group, survived and were available for primary efficacy analysis. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 41.5% (rGH) versus 36.7% (placebo); the average ABSI score was 8.27 (rGH) versus 7.9 (placebo). The wound-closure index was not significantly different in patients treated with rGH (1.92) compared with patients treated with placebo (1.72). WCI for partial thickness-loss burn wounds did not significantly differ from rGH (0.9) to placebo (0.69). The donor site healing time in rGH-treated patients (12 days) was not significantly different compared to placebo patients (10.4 days). CONCLUSION: In severely burned adult patients rGH has no positive effect on burn wound or donor-site healing.

Adolescent↗

[Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein electrophoresis in X-chromosome recessive ichthyosis].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The clinical differentiation of the hereditary ichthyosis forms is difficult and without laboratory markers hardly possible. Serum lipoprotein electrophoresis is one tool for detecting patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis (XRI). Compared to controls, XRI patients show elevated electrophoretic mobilities of low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). This change in pattern is only partially explained by the increased LDL cholesterin sulfate concentration and is the subject of this study. PATIENTS/METHODS: Patients suffering from XRI and ichthyosis vulgaris, healthy controls. SDS-PAGE-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing for detection of XRI-associated variations in apolipoproteins apo B-100, apo C-III and apo E. RESULTS: XRI-associated apolipoprotein variants were not found. In contrast to the literature, an increased electrophoretic mobility was also observed for HDL (high density lipoproteins) from XRI patients. CONCLUSIONS: The underlying cause of the increased electrophoretic mobility of VLDL and HDL in XRI patients remains unclear. Future studies should investigate other apolipoproteins and verify the cholesterin sulfate concentrations reported for VLDL and HDL from XRI patients.

Aged↗

[Surgical treatment possibilities of advanced carpal collapse (SNAC/SLAC wrist)].

Longstanding and untreated scaphoid fractures and scapholunate dissociations lead to painful destruction of the wrist with carpal collapse. The severity of degenerative arthrosis is classified in three stages and can be treated adequate operatively. SNAC wrist (scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse) after failed fusion of the scaphoid and SLAC wrist (scapholunate advanced collapse) after scapholunate dissociation should be differentiated. The reconstruction of the scaphoid or scapholunate ligament in stage II and III is no reasonable option. Motion preserving procedures such as proximal row carpectomy or midcarpal arthrodesis are preferable in this situation. Thirty-one male patients (average 41 years) were treated for SNAC or SLAC wrist with midcarpal arthrodesis. All patients were reexamined, the mean follow-up was 15 months. Grip strength was measured with the Dexter-System, pain was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS 0-100). Patients' daily activities and general quality of life were estimated with the DASH-questionnaire. Pain was reduced to 50% compared to the preoperative situation. Grip strength improved to 60% of the opposite side. Active range of motion reached 50% of the contralateral wrist. Total DASH-score reached 39.0. Nonunion at the fusion site necessitated additional surgery in four patients resulting in total wrist arthrodesis. 80% of the patients returned to their original occupation. Midcarpal fusion is a reliable procedure for treating the difficult condition of advanced carpal collapse if proper realignment of the carpus is performed. The DASH-score reflects the subjective impressions of the patients in daily life and justifies the choice of a salvage procedure preserving wrist mobility. Total wrist fusion represents the last line of defense.

Adult↗

The free musculocutaneous tensor fascia lata flap as a backup procedure in tumor surgery.

The musculocutaneous tensor fascia lata (TFL) flap provides a small muscle belly and a strong fascial layer in combination with abundant skin coverage (15 x 40 cm), which makes the flap an attractive unit for composite free tissue transfer. The free TFL flap was used in nine cases of recurrent cancer of the chest wall (N = 7) and the abdominal wall (N = 2). The mean size of the full-thickness defects after tumor excision measured 12 x 25 cm. The operating time ranged from 4 to 8 hours (mean operating time, 5.5 hours). The operation was performed with two teams, and no repositioning of the patient was necessary during the operation. By raising the TFL flap, no additional area of the trunk was involved. The authors did not experience a prolonged ventilation time in their group of multimorbid patients. The donor site was closed directly (4 of 9 patients) or split skin grafted (5 of 9 patients). There was no functional deficit. In one patient the venous anastomosis had to be revised. There were no further complications, and no flaps were lost. The hospital stay was short (21 days on average), the outcome successful, and primary healing was obtained. The free TFL flap proved to be a reliable flap that is easy technically to harvest. Thus the free TFL flap is a valuable backup procedure in tumor surgery.

Abdominal Muscles↗

[Long-term outcome of reconstruction of proximal scaphoid pseudarthroses with Matti-Russe-plasty].

Thirty-two patients who were treated with Matti-Russe grafts between 1985 and 1995 after a fracture of the proximal scaphoid pole were examined in a retrospective study. The purpose of the study was the evaluation of the long-term results of functional outcome, radiological results, and postoperative quality of life. Main object of the study was to clarify whether the development of carpal collapse is inevitable or if it is correlated to the persistence of bony nonunion. Measured parameters were: grip strength and range of motion, pain was evaluated with a visual analog scale from 0 to 100 (VAS). The analysis of the X-rays was carried out with a special wrist-score that was developed for the 1997 meeting of the German Speaking Society for Surgery of the Hand (DAH). The functional outcome was evaluated with the DASH-questionnaire. Twenty-nine patients were male, three were female. In 22 patients the right hand was involved, in ten patients the operation was performed on the left hand. The average follow-up period was 66 months. Bony union was achieved in 26 cases, six patients still demonstrated a persistent nonunion. The mean postoperative pain score was 1.8 (non-stress) and 42.5 (stress) in patients with scaphoid union. Active range of motion and grip strength were 90% compared to the contralateral side, the DASH-score reached 12.73. Only in persistent nonunion an advanced carpal collapse could be detected. The results show the reliability of the Matti-Russe graft in nonunion of fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid. Alternative treatment options have no advantages in bony union. The disadvantage of the Matti-Russe graft is the long period of immobilisation.

Adult↗

Semi-automated rapid isoelectric focusing of apolipoproteins C from human plasma using Phastsystem and immunofixation.

Apolipoproteins (apo) C-I, C-II, and C-III play crucial roles in intravascular lipid metabolism. Whereas apo C-II is an obligate cofactor for lipoprotein lipase, apo C-III was shown to inhibit its action. Apo C-I can be a potent cofactor of human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Structural mutants and deficiencies of apo C-II lead to hypertriglyceridemia. A similar phenotype is associated with apo C-III mutants and is inducible by overexpression of human apo C-III in transgenic animals. No structural variant has so far been reported for apo C-I. The present paper describes a rapid semi-automated procedure for isoelectric focusing analysis of these C-apolipoproteins from whole plasma or serum and their visualization by immunofixation and silver staining. The procedure allows detection of charged variants of C-apolipoproteins. As applied to 295 patients with coronary heart disease and 85 controls, it also serves to detect deficiency syndromes of these apolipoproteins. The procedure provides reliable, easy and quick analysis of C-apolipoproteins applicable as a routine or screening procedure not restricted to specialized laboratories.

Acrylic Resins↗

[Prefabricated flaps, a new reconstructive concept].

Microsurgery has entered its third generation. Functional and aesthetic requirements have been steadily increased with the refinements of microsurgery. The new principle of prefabricated flaps are another step to match these requirements. These prefabricated flaps can either be created by expanding known flap donor sites or creating entirely new flaps by implanting AV-loops or vascularized fascia. Principles and indications of this new technique will be elucidated by clinical examples.

Facial Neoplasms↗

[Minimal interval length for safe determination of brief heart rate variability].

UNLABELLED: After heart rate variability (HRV) had been established in the clinic, the question about the minimum interval length for analyzing electrocardiograms emerged. Respiration rate, heart rate and heart rate variability were analyzed in 25 sport divers during 6 min intervals at control, immersion, submersion and while SCUBA diving. Thereafter, the interval length was systematically shortened to 1 min. RESULTS: Respiration rate was significantly reduced during submersion and diving. Heart rate, in turn, remained essentially unchanged during the four experimental steps. The HRV measures in the time domain (standard deviation, coefficient of variation, RMSSD and pNN50) exhibited significant changes during immersion, submersion and diving compared to control conditions. The spectral density in the low frequency range was increased compared to control, the increase being significant during diving. Immersion, submersion and diving, thus, present strong stimuli for the autonomic nervous system. The length of the HRV measures of the time domain could be shortened to 3 min without significant loss of information, except for pNN50. Reduction of the respiration rate during diving considerably shifted the respiratory arrhythmia from the high to the low frequency range. Such shifts deserve special attention interpreting HRV measures from the frequency domain. The interval length for the measures in the frequency domain could only be shortened to 5 min. CONCLUSION: Measures from the time domain, in particular standard deviation and co-efficient of variation, seem to be superior to measures from the frequency domain in analyzing short-term HRV.

Adult↗