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Biomedical subjects

M Perrin Fayolle

Publications and source records attributed to M Perrin Fayolle.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

RU 41740 (Biostim) stimulates the production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-8 by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro.

1. In this study, we observed the effects of RU 41740 (Biostim) on the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 2. Cytokine production was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 3. We report that epithelial cells spontaneously released both cytokines and that RU 41740 induced a significant increase in production of IL-8 and GM-CSF. 4. This is the first observation of a stimulatory effect of an immunostimulating compound used in humans on cytokine production by epithelial cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Accumulation of pefloxacin in the lower respiratory tract demonstrated by bronchoalveolar lavage.

The in-vivo pulmonary disposition of pefloxacin in alveolar macrophages alveolar macrophages and in the alveolar epithelial lining fluid recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage was studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed either 2 or 4 h after oral intake of 800 mg of the drug. The recovered fluid was immediately centrifuged and processed for the assays. Pefloxacin was assayed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and by a microbiological method. The mean concentrations of pefloxacin assayed by HPLC were 106 +/- 11.1 mg/L in alveolar macrophages and 88.2 +/- 10 mg/L in the epithelial lining fluid, whereas the mean serum concentration was 6.67 +/- 0.47 mg/L. Therefore, pefloxacin accumulated rapidly in human alveolar macrophages. The high epithelial lining fluid concentrations may be attributed to lipophilicity of the drug and to rapid diffusion from blood, pulmonary cells and interstitium during the bronchoalveolar lavage procedure. The substantial accumulation of pefloxacin in alveolar components (alveolar macrophages and epithelial lining fluid) endorses its use in the treatment of intracellular bacterial infections such as legionellosis; for these diseases, pefloxacin represents an alternative to the macrolide antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Leukotriene B4 levels from stimulated neutrophils from healthy and allergic subjects: effect of platelets and exogenous arachidonic acid.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were measured in peripheral blood neutrophils from allergic and healthy donors after stimulation by calcium ionophore A 23187. This level was higher in neutrophils from allergic subjects than in neutrophils from healthy subjects in the presence as well as in the absence of exogenous arachidonic acid. Platelets from allergics increased LTB4 levels from neutrophils from allergics but not levels in those from healthy donors. Moreover, platelets from healthy subjects reduced LTB4 in neutrophils from both groups. These results suggest that biochemical differences exist in neutrophils and platelets from allergics which contribute to changes in arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. In addition, they support the concept that platelets may play an important role in the regulation of neutrophil LTB4 levels, possibly by affecting the 5-lipoxygenase activity during the course of allergic inflammatory reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Challenge provocation tests and non-specific bronchial hyperactivity in occupational asthma].

The aim of the study is to determine the interest of realistic challenge (nasal and bronchial) in occupational respiratory symptoms appearing during work. 75 patients were included in the study. The protocol included prick tests, measuring total and specific IgE, spirometry and metacholine test to assess bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), realistic challenge by rhinomanometry and plethysmography measuring NR (nasal resistance) and RWA (Airway resistance). The test was considered positive if the RWA and/or NR were increased by 100%. 68% of the tests were positives in rhinomanometry and/or plethysmography. There is an BHR in 68% cases of occupational asthma. There is a quite strong correlation between the positivity of the realistic tests and the existence of a non specific BHR.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[Occupational asthma and rhinitis: challenge tests and nasal hyperactivity: present practice and future perspectives].

Nasal hypersensitivity is defined by an exaggerated response to certain specific stimuli such as a work-related agent, non-specific stimuli (irritant effect), or to allergic or inflammation mediators. The study of nasal hypersensitivity always involves provocation tests with other practical assays. In the occupational context, the provocation test most routinely used are "challenge tests", carried out with suspected substances provided by the patient, and non-specific tests with mediators (histamine and carbachol). Three complementary techniques-rhinomanometry, intranasal expiratory flow, and nasal lavage with cell and mediator studies, aim at three objectives. These are principally diagnostic and physiopathological, but are also possibly therapeutic. The authors describe in detail the technique of passive anterior rhinomanometry, nasal challenge tests and cholinergic challenges leading to a better understanding of non-specific nasal hypersensitivity. Future prospects concern the establishment of dose-response reactivity curves, exploration of the intranasal expiratory flows and research into nasal lavages with the study of cells and mediators released.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[Occupational asthma and rhinitis: challenge tests and nasal hyperreactivity: current practice and future perspectives].

Nasal hypersensitivity is defined by an exaggerated response to certain specific stimuli such as a work-related agent, non-specific stimuli (irritant effect), or to allergic or inflammation mediators. The study of nasal hypersensitivity always involves provocation tests with other practical assays. In the occupational context, the provocation test most routinely used are "challenge tests", carried out with suspected substances provided by the patient, and non-specific tests with mediators (histamine and carbachol). Three complementary techniques-rhinomanometry, intranasal expiratory flow, and nasal lavage with cell and mediator studies, aim at three objectives. These are principally diagnostic and physiopathological, but are also possibly therapeutic. The authors describe in detail the technique of passive anterior rhinomanometry, nasal challenge tests and cholinergic challenges leading to a better understanding of non-specific nasal hypersensitivity. Future prospects concern the establishment of dose-response reactivity curves, exploration of the intranasal expiratory flows and research into nasal lavages with the study of cells and mediators released.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

[Challenge provocation tests and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in occupational asthma].

The aim of the study is to determine the interest of realistic challenge (nasal and bronchial) in occupational respiratory symptoms appearing during work. 75 patients were included in the study. The protocol included prick tests, measuring total and specific IgE, spirometry and metacholine test to assess bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), realistic challenge by rhinomanometry and plethysmography measuring NR (nasal resistance) and RWA (Airway resistance). The test was considered positive if the RWA and/or NR were increased by 100%. 68% of the tests were positives in rhinomanometry and/or plethysmography. There is an BHR in 68% cases of occupational asthma. There is a quite strong correlation between the positivity of the realistic tests and the existence of a non specific BHR.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Azathioprine treatment of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis.

The object of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the immuno-suppressor Azathioprine (AZ) on chronic and severe pulmonary sarcoidosis, with a persistent activity resistant to prolonged corticotherapy. The study was done on 10 patients (4 women, 6 men) afflicted by an histologically proven and chronic sarcoidosis, resistant to steroid treatment. The treatment consisted of a daily oral intake of 150 mg of AZ for six months. Its effectiveness was evaluated before and after treatment, in comparison with a control group and a steroid-treated group of sarcoid patients. Serologic and alveolar functional and immuno-biologic tests were performed in 8 cases according to the activity criteria defined at the IXth International Congress on sarcoidosis. No clinical or hematological side effects were observed; a clear and prolonged radiological and clinical amelioration was observed in 7 out of 10 cases and in 3 cases a restoration of sensibility to the tuberculin skin test; in the 8 cases a significant improvement (p less than 0.01) was noted after the sixth month of treatment only in the alveolar fluid in the following parameters: ACE, all the proteins studied and the percentage of lymphocytes.

Adult↗