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Biomedical subjects

M Petit

Publications and source records attributed to M Petit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Amisulpride versus bromocriptine in infantile autism: a controlled crossover comparative study of two drugs with opposite effects on dopaminergic function.

An alteration of dopaminergic (DA) function much more complex than simple hyperactivity has been evoked in infantile autism. We therefore compared the clinical efficacy of a DA antagonist (amisulpride) and a DA agonist (bromocriptine) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in 9 children with autism, likely severely mentally retarded. Amisulpride acts preferentially on specific autistic symptoms whereas bromocriptine acts more on motor hyperactivity and attention symptoms. These findings raise the specificity of these two drugs which appear to act preferentially on some target symptoms and are consistent with some clinical and pharmacological observations showing a sedative effect with low doses of DA agonists and a stimulant effect with low doses of DA antagonists such as the benzamides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A critical study of conditions for prescription and evaluation criteria of neuroleptic treatment in resistant schizophrenia].

From the study of Kane et al. (1988), devoted to clozapine, a critical analysis of criteria of assessments about studies in treatment of resistant schizophrenic patients was drawn up. Therefore, among the inclusion criteria, the authors strengthen the necessity of a very long past neuroleptic treatment (beyond six months) before diagnosing a resistance, the "drug-free improvers" characterized by improvement when patients had been treated by a placebo, the necessity of a very long placebo wash-out (beyond six weeks), and the improvement by a second treatment after a first ineffective treatment. Moreover, the doses of neuroleptics opposed to clozapine are often too high leading to adverse effects and so decreasing the positive benefits. For instance, the dose of chlorpromazine is often increased to 1,800 mg/day whereas the doses required should be only 600 mg/day in equivalence to 500 mg/day of clozapine. Lastly, the scales more specific of the symptomatology of schizophrenia such as SANS-SAPS or PANSS should be used in the clinical trials whereas until now, all the studies were made by standard and global evaluations with BPRS, CPRS and AMDP.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum. Report of 2 cases diagnosed in vivo].

Lipomatous hypertrophy of intervenous tubercle is a clinicopathological entity characterized by an accumulation of not capsulated fatty tissue, with its thickness exceeding 15 mm, in the atrial septum, above the fossa ovalis, at the intervenous level and protruding into the right atrium. It can be clinically associated with atrial electric abnormalities such as disorders of the atrial conduction and supraventricular arrhythmias, difficulty of the venous return and sudden death. Nowadays its diagnosis is not difficult using non invasive image techniques. We present two cases of lipomatous hypertrophy of intervenous tubercle which were suspected by echocardiography. In one of them we used transthoracic echocardiography and in the other one transesophageal echocardiography. The diagnostic was latter confirmed by magnetic nuclear resonance and axial computerized tomography.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A protracted course in Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis].

A 69-year-old man without previous cardiac disease was found over the last 9 months to have a markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR: 120 mm/1. h), haemolytic anaemia (haemoglobin 8.2 g/dl, lactate dehydrogenase 304 U/l), markedly reduced exercise tolerance, backache and weight loss of 5 kg. Radiological, biochemical and endoscopic examinations failed to provide a diagnosis. Nine blood cultures grew, at normal body temperature, Cardiobacterium hominis, a rare Gram-negative organism which can cause endocarditis. Echocardiography revealed endocarditis of the aortic valve with regurgitation. Despite protracted and high-dosage antibiotics (4 times daily 10 million U penicillin G for 6 days, followed by four times 5 million U penicillin G for 6 days, followed by four times 5 million U daily for five weeks, and three times daily 60 mg gentamycin for 10 days), as well as treatment of extensive chronic parodontitis, anaemia, haemolysis and increased ESR have now persisted for over a year, with negative blood cultures. Immune-complex phenomena are thought to be the reason for the persistence of signs of infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Biological treatments of schizophrenia].

Biological treatments of schizophrenia primarily consist of neuroleptics. These drugs can be prescribed in a relatively standardized manner (chlorpromazine equivalent), but neuroleptics will be less than effective on the type of schizophrenia with negative symptoms. Treatment can also be performed by utilizing the bipolarity of some drugs, and it is only with these drugs that resistant schizophrenia can be mobilized. Consideration is also given to other biological treatments and new prospects in chemotherapy.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum versus lipomatous hypertrophy of the intervenous tubercle].

The lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is a clinicopathological entity characterized by an accumulation of fat, not encapsulated but circumscribed in the atrial septum, over the fossa ovalis, and protruding into the right atrium; its thickness exceeding 15 mm. It is clinically associated with atrial electric abnormalities such as disorders of the atrial conduction and supraventricular arrhythmias, difficulty of the venous return and sudden death. In 1669 Lower described at the entrance to the right atrium, between the venae cavae, there is a tubercle formed by an accumulation of fat, covered over with muscular fibres that protrudes into the right atrium, which be called intervenous tubercle. The aim of this work is to find out the normal morphology of the intervenous tubercle and to find out whether or not lipomatous hypertrophy of interatrial septum is related to it in some way, because both coincides anatomically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The intervenous tubercle (of lower): morphological characteristics and changes in relation to age.

We have studied the morphological, macroscopic and structural characteristics of the intervenous tubercle (of Lower) in 100 human hearts, relating these to age and to the thickness of the epicardial fat. The morphological characteristics vary depending on age, these changes being attributable to a deposition of fat following the deposit of adipose tissue occurring in the epicardium.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

[Cytolysis through cells dependent on immunization against cellular antigens: identification and enumeration of cytotoxic cells].

In this report we show how to identify and enumerate alloantigen-dependent killer cells. Individual effector cells are associated by micromanipulation to target cells and the doublets are incubated at 37 degrees C. Killers are identified by the lysis of the associated target. Killer cells can be subdivided into two subpopulations: cell responsible for the lysis of the specific target cells which bear the immunizing H-2 antigens and cells which kill only lectin pretreated targets.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The stimulant effect of neuroleptics: myth or reality?].

On the basis of clinical observations and animal pharmacology, the hypothesis of two types of neuroleptics may be considered. Some neuroleptics ("monopolars") are always sedatives, whatever will be the dosage used practically. Other neuroleptics ("bipolars") would be stimulating at a low dosage and sedatives at a high dosage. Stimulation and sedation would be in relation with pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic receptors blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Chronology of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics, and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system].

Authors after analysis of the data in literature describe the chronologic appearance of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics. In order to restore a neurophysiological coherence to dissimilar or even contradictory clinical emergences this sequence is analysed in function of the actual data, relative to the mechanism and to the modalities of adaptation of the dopaminergic synapse of the nigro striatal system.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

[Depressive symptomatology and type of treatment (author's transl)].

Details of treatment remain imprecise in depression, as the trials of antidepressants have been more concerned with overall effectiveness than with specificity. The aetiology in depression does not provide sufficient guidance for treatment, even though drugs are preferred for endogenous depression and psychotherapy for neurotic depression. An unitary formulation of depression can be postulated on the basis of the concept of regression; endogenous and reactive depression would then stem from the nature of the depressed subject's personality. Such an approach can encompass the various possible aetiologies in depression: biochemical, psychological and social, without necessarily contrasting them. In this connection, depression is a psychobiological syndrome within which there may be different symptomatic pictures, depending notably upon the various monoamine hypotheses raised in numerous studies. In that event, possible correlations between biochemical abnormalities and certain clinical manifestations may better guide the selection of drugs.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

[Depressive states: clinical symptoms and monoaminergic hypothesis].

Twenty somatic symptoms are listed, that are often met in depressive states but that are presently neglected by clinicians and by the various depression rating scales. Thanks to the data provided by animal pharmacology and clinical studies, an attempt to correlate the clinical studies with the biochemical results is proposed between those symptoms and eventual monoaminergic dysfunctions. This study leads to a clinical observation scale. In the future, the authors envisage a multifactorial analysis of the data obtained by the use of the scale. Symptomatic groupings could help establish a new classification for depressive states. They could also guide the choice of the medication according to the monoaminergic dysfunctions that are pointed out.

Depression↗
PubMed1975

Continuous sutures in replacement of mitral and tricuspid valves with prostheses.

Four years' experience with 363 patients, in whom 360 mitral and 65 tricuspid prosthetic valves have been implanted with single continuous sutures, is presented. The occurrence of prosthetic valve detachment is particularly discussed. There were 4 cases of detachment of the prosthetic mitral valve and no cases of tricupsid dehiscence. All 4 patients with detached valves required reoperation. Calcifications that penetrate into the annulus and myxomatous degeneration of the valve are considered more important factors in the production of prosthetic cases so long as a uniform distribution of stitches is maintained (not too close to each other) and excessive tension in the suture line is avoided.

Adult↗