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Biomedical subjects

M Petkova

Publications and source records attributed to M Petkova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Nutritional habits of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mediterranean Basin: comparison with the non-diabetic population and the dietary recommendations. Multi-Centre Study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD).

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional habits of Type 2 diabetic patients among Mediterranean countries and also with those of their background population and with the nutritional recommendations of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group. METHODS: We did a cross-sectional study of 1833 non-diabetic subjects and 1895 patients with Type 2 diabetes, in nine centres in six Mediterranean countries. A dietary questionnaire validated against the 3-Day Diet Diary was used. RESULTS: In diabetic patients the contribution of proteins, carbohydrates and fat to the energy intake varied greatly among centres, ranging from 17.6% to 21.0% for protein, from 37.7% to 53.0% for carbohydrates and from 27.2% to 40.8% for fat, following in every centre the trends of the non-diabetic population. Furthermore, diabetic patients compared to the corresponding background population had: (i). lower energy intake, (ii). lower carbohydrate and higher protein contribution to the energy intake, (iii). higher prevalence of obesity, ranging from 9 to 50%. The adherence to the nutritional recommendations for proteins, carbohydrate and fat was very low ranging from 1.4 to 23.6%, and still decreased when fibre was also considered. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: In diabetic patients of the Mediterranean area: (i). dietary habits vary greatly among countries, according to the same trends of the background population; (ii). the prevalence of obesity is much lower than the 80% reported for patients with diabetes in Western countries; (iii). Carbohydrate intake is decreased with a complementary increase of protein and fat consumption, resulting to a poor compliance with the nutritional recommendations.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2002

Nutritional habits in the Mediterranean Basin. The macronutrient composition of diet and its relation with the traditional Mediterranean diet. Multi-centre study of the Mediterranean Group for the Study of Diabetes (MGSD).

OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional habits among six Mediterranean countries and also with the various official recommendations and the 'Mediterranean diet' as originally described. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Three centres in Greece, two in Italy and one in Algeria, Bulgaria, Egypt and Yugoslavia. SUBJECTS: Randomly selected non-diabetic subjects from the general population, of age 35-60, not on diet for at least 3 months before the study. INTERVENTIONS: A dietary questionnaire validated against the 3-Day Diet Diary was used. Demographic data were collected and anthropometrical measurements done. RESULTS: All results were age adjusted. Energy intake varied in men, from 1825 kcal/day in Italy-Rome to 3322 kcal/day in Bulgaria and in women, from 1561 kcal/day in Italy-Rome to 2550 kcal/day in Algeria. Protein contribution (%) to the energy intake varied little, ranging from 13.4% in Greece to 18.5% in Italy-Rome, while fat ranged from 25.3% in Egypt to 40.2% in Bulgaria and carbohydrates from 41.5% in Bulgaria to 58.6% in Egypt. Fibre intake, g/1000 kcal, ranged from 6.8 in Bulgaria to 13.3 in Egypt and the ratio of plant to animal fat from 1.2 in Bulgaria to 2.8 in Greece. The proportion of subjects following the WHO and the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group (DNSG) of the EASD recommendations for carbohydrates, fat and protein ranged from 4.2% in Bulgaria to 75.7% in Egypt. Comparison with the Mediterranean diet, as defined in the seven Country Study, showed significant differences especially for fruit, 123-377 vs 464 g/day of the Mediterranean diet, meat, 72-193 vs 35 g/day, cheese, 15-79 vs 13 g/day, bread, 126-367 vs 380 g/day. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Dietary habits of the 'normal' population vary greatly among the Mediterranean countries studied. (b) Egypt is closest to the DNSG recommendations. (c) Significant differences from the originally described Mediterranean diet are documented in most Mediterranean countries, showing a Westernization of the dietary habits.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Consensus on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

The outcome data from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that intensive drug treatment of diabetes mellitus-type 2 and the tight control of glycaemia and blood pressure are associated with lower incidence of chronic diabetic complications and mortality. The economical analysis showed out that money invested in the intensive drug treatment of diabetes and arterial hypertension resulted in less expenses for the treatment of diabetic complications. These data are the reason to suggest an algorythm for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. The main aims are to achieve fasting blood glucose < or = 6 mmol/l, 2 hour postprandial glucose < or = 8 mmol/l and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) < or = 7.0%. The steps in the treatment include: non-pharmacological treatment, monotherapy with an oral drug, combined oral treatment, insulin therapy, combined insulin and an oral drug therapy. The blood pressure control aims to achieve a figure below 140/85 mm Hg, using monotherapy or a combination of antihypertensive drugs from different pharmacological groups.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

[Andropenia and hormone-replacement therapy in men].

The andropause (andropaenia) or PADAM-syndrome represents a combination of clinical and laboratory symptoms, developed during aging. The most frequently reported clinical feature is erectile dysfunction. From the laboratory parameters the most typical finding is low normal or reduced serum testosterone levels. Very useful questionnaires have been developed helping in diagnosing the PADAM syndrome. Nowadays the hormonal replacement therapy with testosterone derivatives is considered to be the "gold standard". It has positive impact on the cardiovascular risk profile and its different components. This therapy is being prescribed on clear indications and according to strict rules. Available preparations in our country are the injectable and oral ones. Replacement therapy with other hormones is still not a part of clinical practice.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Changes in serum enzyme activities in splanchnic ischemia shock.

Wistar male rats underwent a midline ventral abdominal incision under pentobarbital anaesthesia and were divided into two groups: the experimental rats were injected with 0.04 ml.kg-1 bodyweight Ethibloc (Ethicon-FRG) into a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, close to the hepatic portal vein and the control, saline. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the 1st and on the 30th day after the treatment. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are significantly increased at the 24 hr following the i.v. injection in the experimental rats. The 30th LDH5 level is decreased 19% in the experimental group from the ones in the control group. The serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and serum cholinesterase do not differ substantially in the experimental group from these in the control group in the different periods of assessment.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1990

[A rare case of Itsenko-Cushing disease accompanied by gangrene of the fingers and cryoglobulinemia].

A case of a woman with Itsenko [correction of Icenko]-Cushing's disease and a rare complication--necrosis of the fingers of the left hand--is presented. Besides the known factors of hypercorticism injuring the vascular wall, cryoglobulinemia was found in the patient. It is probably secondary in this disease and points out the complicated changes in the immunologic state of the patients with Itsenko [correction of Icenko]-Cushing's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of vitamin E on the survival rate and biochemical parameters such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate and selected peptidases and proteases during endotoxic shock in the rat].

Protective effect of the investigated alpha-tocopherol solution regarding survival and changes of several biochemical parameters in rat endotoxin shock could already be demonstrated after application of the solvent (special oil HCO-60) alone. An additional effect of Vitamin E was observed only in DP IV activity and leukocyte counts.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Insulin needs of insulin-dependent diabetics during biostator control and subcutaneous use of insulin].

20 insulin-dependent diabetics, aged 17 to 52 years, duration of the diabetes from 1 to 22 years and mean value of the glycated hemoglobin 13.5 +/- 3.6% were studied. The 24 h insulin needs were determined with the help of an artificial pancreas (Biostator) at the following constants of the algorhithm: KR = 70, KF = 67, BI = 80, RI = 12, QI = 40, FI = 400, BD = 55, RD = 25, QD = 20, FD = 200 The insulin needs determined by the biostator were compared with those given subcutaneously which had, led to compensation of the diabetes before discharge of the patients. The mean insulin dose by the biostator was 1.0% U/kg and that of the subcutaneous insulin treatment was 0.86 U kg the difference is statistically insignificant). The above mentioned constants are recommended as being more physiological for the determination of 24-h insulin needs for a subcutaneous insulin treatment of diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

[Dynamic changes in the hemostatic indices of diabetics during biostator control].

In 25 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and without microangiopathic complications the main hemostatic inhibitors antithrombin III, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and alpha-2-antiplasmin were examined before and after an optimal compensation of the carbohydrate metabolism was achieved. The patients were treated for 24 hours with the help of an artificial endocrine pancreas--biostator. The initial mean value of hyperglycemia of 15.61 mmol/l fell significantly to a mean value of 5.67 mmol/l at the end of the 24 hour treatment. During this 24 hour period the levels of the indices followed up did not change significantly. They were as follows: antithrombin III--98.48%, alpha-2-macroglobulin--112.25%, alpha-2-antiplasmin--110.68%. The lack of changes in the hemostatic inhibitors is explained by the short term biostator treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of calcium blocking agent verapamil on blood pressure, ventricular contractility, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus in plasma, catecholamines, corticosterone and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In four-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the effect of a calcium blocking agent verapamil on blood pressure, ventricular contractility indices, parathyroid hormone (PTH), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma and adrenal corticosterone content and catecholamines in hypothalamus, myocardium and adrenal gland was evaluated. Calcium and phosphorus in plasma were also determined. Verapamil treatment resulted in a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in maximum left ventricular pressure. Verapamil exerted a negative inotropic effect, evaluated by a decrease in dP/dt max and dP/dt neg. PRA was elevated, calcium tended to decrease, and no changes in PTH and phosphorus were found. The hypotensive effect of verapamil in SHR was accompanied by a decrease in plasma and adrenal corticosterone content, and a fall in catecholamine concentration in adrenal glands and myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of biostator control on levels of contra-insulin hormones].

A 24 hour biostator control was carried out on 30 patients with insulin dependent diabetes, mean age 34 years (16-61 years) and mean duration of the disease 7 years (1-33 years). All patients had normal body mass (+/- 10% according to Broka's formula). The plasma levels of glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and C-peptide were determined at the beginning and at the end of the biostator control. With the decrease of glycemia (from 12.71 +/- 4.3 to 5.75 +/- 1.5 mmol/l, p less than 0.001) only the cortisol level fell reliably (p less than 0.001), the growth hormone and glucagon levels fell statistically insignificantly. There is no reliable correlation between the contra-insulin hormones studied and the glycemia level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The level of glycosylated hemoglobin in obese patients].

The glycosylated hemoglobin level was examined in 37 obese patients without manifested diabetes mellitus. The level was in the reference ranges. The patients who had lowered carbohydrate tolerance showed a tendency toward a higher glycohemoglobin level. The reduction of body mass was accompanied by a decrease of glycohemoglobin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Study of the "dawn phenomenon" using an artificial endocrine pancreas].

30 insulin-dependent, C-peptide negative diabetic patients were examined with the help of biostator. The mean age of the patients was 29 years, the mean duration of the diabetes was 7 years and the mean index of body mas was 22. For the period from 0 to 8 o'clock in the morning the blood sugar level and the speed of the insulin infusion in order to maintain euglycemic level were examined at 1/2 hour intervals. The mean blood sugar level for the period 5-8 o'clock (5.71 +/- 0.31 mmol/l) was reliably higher (p less than 0.05) than that for the period 0-5 o'clock (5.4 +/- 0.18 mmol/l). The speed of the insulin infusion for the period 5-8 o'clock (0.52 +/- 0.09 IU/kg/min) was also reliably higher (p less than 0.02) than that for the period 0-5 o'clock (0.4 +/- 0.06 IU/kg/min). These two indices were correlated with the somatotropic hormone and hydrocortisone levels at 2 and 8 o'clock. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this "morning phenomenon" in diabetes is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The value of Wagner and Selvester's electrocardiographic point indices for assessing global and regional function of the left ventricle in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The study includes 45 patients with ischemic heart disease. The reproducibility of Selvester's QRS-point index was examined by two researchers (r = 0.98). Between the ejection fraction of the left ventricle and the ECG-pont indices there exists a reverse relation, the correlation coefficients being equal (r = -5.58). Between the segmental disturbances of the left ventricular wall movements, examined by the systolic shortening in percentage of the radial axes, and both ECG indices there is also an equal correlation (r = 0.59). The relation between the angiographically evaluated segmental disturbances and the ejection fraction is also reverse, r = -0.88. The results of the study prove the relatively great possibility for mistakes of only the routine rest ECG is analyzed. The ECG evaluation of the left ventricular function cannot disclose the compensatory reserves of the healthy myocardium.

Adult↗