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Biomedical subjects

M Pinget

Publications and source records attributed to M Pinget.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Hemoglobin A1c and its variations in pregnancy].

Variations in haemoglobin A1c were studied at different stages of pregnancy in 306 non-diabetic women, using a specific method. It was found that HbA1c levels progressively decreased during the first 25 weeks of pregnancy, then remained stable. No correlation was noted between carbohydrate metabolis and Hb A1c levels. The new assay provides additional information on glucose tolerance in pregnant women and could be used to detect gestational diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical value of nephelometric assay of C-reactive protein].

Laser immunonephelometry is a sensitive, specific and rapid method for assaying plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). This "acute phase" protein has recently been shown to be of significance in the regulation of immunological responses. It is released from hepatocytes early during infection, inflammation or necrosis. Nephelometry provides a good means for detection, monitoring and evaluation of therapeutic efficiency in these conditions. The increase in CRP may precede the positivity of the usual biological tests and is of value in situations where these tests cannot be interpreted.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1983

Biosynthetic human insulin: pharmacokinetics and effects in healthy human volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously injected biosynthetic human insulin (0.06 U/kg) and purified pork insulin, both regular, were compared intraindividually in ten presumably healthy volunteers. Some of the pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., the area under the insulinemia curve, the total plasma clearance, and insulin bioavailability, were similar, whereas insulin biologic half-life appeared to be longer and the apparent volume of insulin distribution larger with BHI. No appreciable difference between the two insulins was observed as far as their hypoglycemic effect and secretory inhibition of endogenous insulin (expressed as C-peptidemia) were concerned, but reactive hyperglucagonemia was found to be less with BHI than with PPI. These findings are discussed in the light of our current knowledge of BHI.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy (author's transl)].

The development of the foetal and placental unit induces large changes in maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy. Oestrogen-induced hyperinsulinism is responsible for facilitated anabolism which take place during the first part of pregnancy. Accelerated catabolism occurring during the second part is due to the direct action of placental hormones, mainly of human placental lactogen. The latter is responsible for diminution of peripheral insulin activity. Hyperinsulinism, which is very important at this stage, facilitates an intense and rapid anabolism, mainly in the liver from where nutriments can be easily removed. Glucose and amino-acid uptake by placental and foetus are greatly increased by all these changes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

[Infertility and carbohydrate metabolism. A study of 93 cases (author's transl)].

An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 93 women with unexplained infertility (sterility or repeated abortions). An abnormal carbohydrate metabolism was found in 1/3 of the cases (32 patients). Advice on diet control, provided to all of these patients, was followed only by 13.9 of these, who conceived less than 6 months after initiation of the low carbohydrate diet, achieved full-term pregnancy. These results suggest a relationship between infertility and glucose intolerance. A glucose tolerance test should be performed in all women presenting unexplained infertility.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1982

Biliary excretion of cefaclor. Experimental and clinical study.

Biliary excretion of cefaclor, a new orally active cephalosporin, was studied in vitro using an isolated rabbit liver preparation perfused for 3 h (n = 5). Under these conditions, bile recovery amounted to 2.3% of the cefaclor dose added to the circulating blood (10 mg). In humans, after oral administration of a 1-gram dose of cefaclor to cholecystectomized patients provided with a T tube (n = 10), a mean biliary peak concentration of 7.6 +/- 2.4 microgram/ml was observed at the 3rd hour. Cumulative biliary excretion amounted to 0.05% of the administered dose. Assays performed on samples collected during cholecystectomy in 10 patients 1 h after intake of a 1-gram dose of cefaclor showed mean concentrations of 13.7 +- 1.2 micrograms/ml in serum, 8.1 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml in common duct bile and 5.9 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml in gallbladder bile. These results were compared with the data obtained after administration of seven other cephalosporins studied under identical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy (author's transl)].

The development of the foetal and placental unit induces large changes in maternal glucose tolerance along pregnancy. Oestrogen-induced hyperinsulinism is responsible for facilitated anabolism which take place during the first part of pregnancy. Accelerated catabolism occurring during the second part is due to the direct action of placental hormones, mainly of human placental lactogen. The latter is responsible for diminution of peripheral insulin activity. Hyperinsulinism, which is very important at this stage, facilitates from where nutrients can be easily removed. Glucose and amino-acide uptake by placental and foetus are greatly increased by all these changes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

[Juvenile diabetes of recent onset. Sustained insulin remission by means of preprogrammed insulin infusion (author's transl)].

Seven young insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated within 45 days at the latest from the onset of the disease by programmed insulin infusions delivered with an insulin pump. In every case normal serum glucose levels were obtained. At the end of each 84-hour infusion, an attempt was made to institute oral antidiabetic treatment. This was successful in 6 patients after 2 or 3 infusions and in one patient after 3 infusions followed by 2 months' conventional insulin therapy and a 4th infusion. In 5 patients (71%), oral treatment could be continued for more than 3 months, which indicates sustained remission of insulin-dependence. These results are comparable to those achieved with an artificial pancreas and can be explained by optimal diabetes control during the programmed infusions. The method has the advantages of being simple and relatively inexpensive.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Biliary excretion of cefuroxime. Experimental and human study.

The biliary excretion of cefuroxime was studied experimentally, using a preparation of isolated rabbit liver (n = 5) perfused in vitro during 3 h; 0.92% of the cefuroxime (10 mg) added to the circulating blood was found in the bile, while peak antibiotic activity reached a mean value of 8.0 +/- 1.1 microgram/ml. In man, 1 h after a single intravenous injection of cefuroxime (0.5 g), a maximum concentration of 4.0 +/- 1.6 microgram/ml was found in the duodenal aspiration fluid collected from 5 healthy subjects. In 10 patients with T-tube drainage, a mean biliary peak of 10.3 +/- 2.4 microgram/ml was observed 2 h after intravenous injection of the same dose; the biliary excretion of cefuroxime during the 12-hour experiment corresponded to 0.13% of the administered dose. Assays performed during cholecystectomy in 10 patients 1 h after cefuroxime intravenous injection of 0.5 g showed concentrations of 11.9 +/- 0.8 microgram/ml in the serum, 12.0 +/- 1.5 microgram/ml in the common duct bile and 7.4 +/- 1.1 microgram/ml in the gallbladder bile. These results were compared with those observed after administration of 11 other beta-lactam antibiotics in identical experimental and clinical conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Experimental and clinical study of the biliary excretion of cefamandole (author's transl)].

Using the isolated rabbit liver perfusion model, it could be shown that 11.1% of 10 mg of cefamandole added to the circulating blood were recovered in the 3 hours collected bile. The maximal biliary antibiotic activity averaged 214 +/- 37 microgram/ml. In humans a peak concentration of 19.0 +/- 6.1 microgram/ml could be measured in the aspirated duodenal fluid (n = 5) 1 hour after a single intravenous injection of 1 g of cefamandole. In 10 patients provided with a Kehr's drainage, a mean biliary peak of 141.4 +/- 86.4 microgram/ml was observed at the 2nd hour after administration of the same dose of cefamandole. Assays performed during cholecystectomy showed 1 after the intravenous injection of 1 g of cefamandole mean values of 64.0 +/- 18.0 microgram/ml in the gallbladder bile and 87.2 +/- 16.1 microgram/ml in the common duct bile. These data are compared with those obtained by administration of 11 other beta-lactamines under similar experimental and clinical conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Variations of the coefficient of glucose assimilation in normal pregnancy].

Three hundred eleven intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in normal pregnant women between the 8th and the 40th week, and compared with similar tests performed in two groups of non-pregnant women, one group on oral contraceptives, the other not. There was a relative improvement in glucose tolerance at the beginning of pregnancy followed by marked loss of tolerance after the 24th week. This evolution is due to the physiologic adaptation of the maternal pancreas to fetal and placental metabolism. The range of normality for the glucose disappearance rate differs before and after the 24th week of pregnancy, and this must be recognised in setting diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes. Consideration of simultaneous studies of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion at various periods of pregnancy suggests that changes in K value are more closely correlated with variations in peripheral insulin effects than with changes in insulin secretory function of the maternal pancreas.

Female↗
PubMed1979

[The oral glucose tolerance test during normal pregnancy (author's transl)].

Physiological changes in carbohydrate tolerance were studied between the beginning and end of pregnancy. Amongst 145 oral glucose tolerance tests performed between the 9th and 40th weeks, results indicated that carbohydrate tolerance evolved throughout pregnancy. The first 24 weeks were characterised by a change in the shape of the glucose tolerance curve, in the form of horizontalisation of the terminal part, but with no increase in early blood glucose figures. It was only after the 24th week that mean blood glucose levels were seen to be increased. The interpretation of glucose tolerance tests during pregnancy should take these physiological changes into account. Critical values, above which diabetes must be suspected, are different at the beginning and end of pregnancy. The critical point would appear to be around the 24th week.

Adult↗